成像激光雷达系统性能的研究

如何合理而有效地设计成像激光雷达系统 ,是进行成像激光雷达系统研究的关键 ,设计时必须充分考虑各种参数之间的相互关系 ,根据所提出的指标 ,选择激光器和探测器及其它元器件。以二极管泵浦固体Nd∶YAG激光器为光源 ,以探测的统计学为基础 ,从作用距离、探测概率、虚警概率、信噪比等方面研究了成像激光雷达系统的性能 ,探讨了成像中实际影响成像像素数的因素 ,为成像激光雷达系统的研究提供必要的理论依据。     

Application of phase retrieval algorithm in reflective tomography laser radar imaging

We apply phase retrieval method to align projection data for tomographic reconstruction in reflective tomography laser radar imaging.In our experiment,the target is placed on a spin table with an unknown,but fixed,axis.The oscillatory motion of the target in the incident direction of the laser pulse is added at each view to simulate the real satellites random motion.The experimental simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of this method to improve image reconstruction quality.Future research also includes the development of projection registration based on phase retrieval for targets with more complicated structure.     

幅值和相位配准技术及其在光学相干层析血流成像中的应用

频域光学相干层析系统中扫描机构定位精度、 机械抖动及样品移动会造成A扫描信号幅值和相位发生波动, 影响生物组织成像质量. 利用最小灰度差匹配、Lorentzian曲线极值拟合和谱域光程差补偿等方法对A 扫描信号进行幅值配准. 通过对A扫描信号相位分布特征的匹配实现相位差检测与配准. 通过求已配准的A 扫描复信号之差, 消除静态组织对血流成像的影响. 进行了人眼扫描实验, 有效提取了视网膜三维血流图像. 实验结果表明, 提出的幅值及相位配准方法大大减小了系统扫描精度、人眼跳动等因素对生物组织在体成像质量的影响. 快速、精确的相位配准方法也可广泛应用在多普勒OCT、相位显微等与相位分辨有关的光学成像领域. 关键词： 频域光学相干层析 配准 血流成像 相位分布特征     

偏振成像激光雷达遥感中的基本变换研究

针对偏振成像激光雷达遥感的计算需求,在假设以散射体中心为主坐标系中心的情况下,研究了入射偏振光和散射偏振光坐标系的变换、散射体引起的偏振状态的变化以及散射矩阵与Mueller矩阵之间的几种最基本的变换关系,并从群论的观点给出了这些变换关系的描述。这些变换关系的进一步展开便可得到具体的激光雷达偏振遥感物理量的计算方法,这在解读偏振激光雷达遥感图像的应用中具有实际作用。     

雷达信号处理技术在太赫兹成像中的应用

太赫兹成像采用的成像算法多来自于其他频段已经成熟的成像算法,而针对太赫兹波特性的成像算法还不多见,因此在太赫兹频段形成了成像机理及算法研究的空白。按照经典电磁理论、光学原理对太赫兹成像进行分类,指出了雷达成像与太赫兹成像之间的关系。并通过研究太赫兹雷达目标散射特征,分析了不同太赫兹源的衍射极限成像分辨力。最后,从信号处理的角度介绍了太赫兹雷达信号处理及成像算法的研究现状。     

Application of a corner-cube reflector in nanosecond radar tomography

Experimental results are presented on the nanosecond radar application for test site tomography with radar calibration by a corner-cube reflector. It is demonstrated that the presence of the corner-cube reflector leads to the occurrence of false targets that can be used for detection of weakly reflecting targets. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 11, pp. 91–93, November, 2008.     

雷达信号处理技术在太赫兹成像中的应用

太赫兹成像采用的成像算法多来自于其他频段已经成熟的成像算法,而针对太赫兹波特性的成像算法还不多见,因此在太赫兹频段形成了成像机理及算法研究的空白。按照经典电磁理论、光学原理对太赫兹成像进行分类,指出了雷达成像与太赫兹成像之间的关系。并通过研究太赫兹雷达目标散射特征,分析了不同太赫兹源的衍射极限成像分辨力。最后,从信号处理的角度介绍了太赫兹雷达信号处理及成像算法的研究现状。     

二次成像型库德式激光通信终端粗跟踪技术

库德式激光通信终端粗跟踪探测器大视场接收信标光时,需通过望远单元、多块库德反射镜、分光片和粗跟踪透镜组,信标光传输路径长,使得后续子光路粗跟踪支路口径明显增加;捕获时望远单元和库德反射镜与粗跟踪探测器存在相对运动,信标光传递环节多,跟踪模型复杂。针对这两个问题,首先,对比了3种传统库德光路,选择二次成像型库德光路并对其进行设计,通过设计使后续子光路光学口径减小,利于后续子光路轻小型化设计;随后,对二次成像型库德式激光通信终端的跟踪模型进行推导,通过反射镜矩阵和坐标变换建立跟踪模型,并用Matlab-Simulink对跟踪模型进行仿真;最后,通过地面试验,对终端的跟踪性能进行测试,实测方位跟踪最大脱靶量为84.65μrad(3σ)、俯仰最大脱靶量为56.33μrad(3σ),满足通信要求的150μrad(3σ),二次成像型库德结构和跟踪模型可满足星间激光通信粗跟踪捕获和跟踪要求。     

0.14 THz高分辨力成像雷达信号处理

为适应0.14 THz超高分辨雷达实时成像的需求,开发了基于CPU+GPU+FPGA的硬件架构和成像处理算法,算法以距离-多普勒为原型,引入L类维格纳分布变换提高横向分辨力,用Keystone变换方法对越距离单元徙动进行校正,并开发了系统非线性补偿算法。在载频0.14 THz、带宽5 GHz雷达样机上进行了逆合成孔径雷达成像试验,获得了3 cm3 cm的成像分辨力和实时成像能力,验证了信号处理方法的有效性。     

红外成像波门形心跟踪算法的误差分析

介绍了红外成像波门形心跟踪算法的原理,通过建立跟踪误差模型,讨论分析了红外成像波门形心跟踪算法的误差,当误判概率越小,波门内目标像素越多,背景像素越少时,形心跟踪误差越小;当信噪比越大,相关搜索的次数越少,相关运算的像素总数越多时,正确匹配系数越高。试验证明,该算法不仅能减小跟踪误差,而且能提高跟踪的精确度和稳定性。     

Fast imaging for magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography

In magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MREIT), currents are injected into an object, the resulting magnetic flux density is measured using MRI, and the conductivity distribution reconstructed using these MRI data. The relatively long acquisition times of conventional MREIT methods limit the signal averaging rate and are susceptible to motion artifacts. In this study, we reconstructed the conductivity distribution of an agarose gel phantom from data acquired in under a minute using a single-shot, spin echo, echo planar imaging (SS-SEPI) pulse sequence. The results demonstrate that SS-SEPI can be used for MREIT data acquisition.     

激光对电视成像跟踪系统的软杀伤效应研究

分析了电视成像跟踪系统的组成原理,在开展脉冲激光干扰CCD的实验基础上,进行了激光对电视成像跟踪系统的软杀伤实验与理论分析。实验指出,激光对电视成像跟踪系统的软杀伤主要是对CCD光电探测系统的软杀伤,软杀伤效果如何与激光成像是否位于跟踪系统的波门之内有很大关系。     

扫频光学相干层析视网膜图像配准去噪算法

多帧叠加平均处理是去除扫频光学相干层析系统散斑噪声、获得较为清晰结构信息的有效方法,但眼睛的震颤、漂移、微眼跳等生理特性和系统光路特性会使图像之间存在错位,导致叠加效果不佳、结构稳定性差,为此本文提出一种基于灰度分布信息和目标几何信息相结合的配准算法。该方法根据图像平均灰度分布提取包含目标信息的感兴趣区域,通过相位相关算法和基于分段拟合的灰度投影算法的双重作用校正图像的平移变换;通过拟合视网膜上边界作为特征点迭代确定最佳旋转参数,并再次重新估计平移参数,实现图像的刚性配准;最后通过轴向扫描一对一映射法以能量函数为约束条件实现图像的非刚性配准。对活体兔眼进行实验,结果表明,本文算法配准后的叠加图像边界清晰,结构信息增强,信噪比和对比度平均有效提高一倍多。本算法适用于强噪声视网膜B-Scans图像的配准,能满足多种类型OCT系统的叠加成像需要,具有较高的鲁棒性和图像配准精度。     

0.14 THz高分辨力成像雷达信号处理

为适应0.14 THz超高分辨雷达实时成像的需求,开发了基于CPU+GPU+FPGA的硬件架构和成像处理算法,算法以距离-多普勒为原型,引入L类维格纳分布变换提高横向分辨力,用Keystone变换方法对越距离单元徙动进行校正,并开发了系统非线性补偿算法。在载频0.14 THz、带宽5 GHz雷达样机上进行了逆合成孔径雷达成像试验,获得了3 cm3 cm的成像分辨力和实时成像能力,验证了信号处理方法的有效性。     

Motion tracking in infrared imaging for quantitative medical diagnostic applications

In medical applications, infrared (IR) thermography is used to detect and examine the thermal signature of skin abnormalities by quantitatively analyzing skin temperature in steady state conditions or its evolution over time, captured in an image sequence. However, during the image acquisition period, the involuntary movements of the patient are unavoidable, and such movements will undermine the accuracy of temperature measurement for any particular location on the skin. In this study, a tracking approach using a template-based algorithm is proposed, to follow the involuntary motion of the subject in the IR image sequence. The motion tacking will allow to associate a temperature evolution to each spatial location on the body while the body moves relative to the image frame. The affine transformation model is adopted to estimate the motion parameters of the template image. The Lucas–Kanade algorithm is applied to search for the optimized parameters of the affine transformation. A weighting mask is incorporated into the algorithm to ensure its tracking robustness. To evaluate the feasibility of the tracking approach, two sets of IR image sequences with random in-plane motion were tested in our experiments. A steady-state (no heating or cooling) IR image sequence in which the skin temperature is in equilibrium with the environment was considered first. The thermal recovery IR image sequence, acquired when the skin is recovering from 60-s cooling, was the second case analyzed. By proper selection of the template image along with template update, satisfactory tracking results were obtained for both IR image sequences. The achieved tracking accuracies are promising in terms of satisfying the demands imposed by clinical applications of IR thermography.     

强背景下模糊闪烁成像目标探测与跟踪

 强背景下空中运动目标主要表现为边缘残缺、模糊,甚至出现闪烁、间断等复杂成像特性,这成为制约目标探测和成像跟踪的瓶颈问题。结合跟踪过程反馈信息来确定目标点扩展函数,利用一种新的Ben-Ezra图像复原模型,解决了目标运动模糊的图像复原问题;采用基于特征伴随值的相似性判断方法,构造联结机制的联想网络模型,来解决目标闪烁和残缺特征的联想问题。对提出的方法进行了图像序列的仿真,取得了较好的实验结果。     

成像目标跟踪目标建模技术综述

由目标跟踪的数学模型得出,影响目标跟踪性能的三个主要因素为目标状态转移模型、滤波算法和目标建模技术.对目标建模技术进行了综述和分析,分别从特征选择、特征的统计建模和相似性度量三个方面进行了阐述.以畸变不变性、目标/背景分辨能力作为性能评价手段定性地比较了国内外文献中提出的多种目标表征模型.指出了目标跟踪中目标表征模型自...     

宽带成像雷达间歇采样转发干扰应用策略

间歇采样转发干扰是针对宽带成像雷达的一种新型干扰方式。根据间歇采样转发干扰的基本原理,对宽带成像雷达,按照常规应用策略,能够在高分辨距离像结果中叠加一串虚假散射点。结合成像处理过程可知,这一串虚假散射点在事实上提升了成像处理中包络对齐效果。针对间歇采样转发干扰常规应用策略导致的问题,以破坏包络对齐为目的,设计了一种新的间歇采样转发干扰应用策略：按照预设随机序列改变间歇采样周期,来实现转发干扰方式。通过仿真实验,验证了所提出的应用策略能够显著降低成像质量。     

The projection approximation versus an exact solution for X-ray phase contrast imaging, with a plane wave scattered by a dielectric cylinder

We show that exact solutions for an X-ray plane wave scattered by a dielectric cylinder with radius large compared to the radiation wavelength, give almost the same intensity fringes as seen when using the projection approximation (PA) to simulate propagation based phase contrast imaging. The characteristic Argand plane Cornu spiral and hypocycloid from the complex wavefield beyond the cylinder was observed to agree with the PA simulations. Asymptotic approximations to the exact analytical solution simplify to the projection approximation at the centre of the cylinder. The projection approximation underestimates observed fringes at a propagation distance comparable with the cylinder radius, but converges to the exact solution at larger propagation distances. This demonstrates that the complex ray approach of the projection approximation is insufficient, in comparison to the exact approach, when the propagation distances are sufficiently small.     

Moderating registration misalignment in voxelwise comparisons of DTI data: a performance evaluation of skeleton projection

An evaluative methodology and five accompanying performance measures were developed to quantitatively assess the performance of the skeleton projection algorithm constituting the heart of tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS). The performance measures were designed to quantify the accuracy of skeleton projection in its indented task of alleviating any residual misalignment that may remain after image registration. A ground truth fractional anisotropy (FA) image was slightly warped using a realistic warp field that served to model post-registration residual misalignment of varying magnitudes. Skeleton projection was then used to register the warped FA image to the ground truth. Performing skeleton projection was found to yield up to 50% better correspondence between the values of FA compared to smoothing, despite the fact that less than 10% of post-registration misalignment was corrected. The align-max-with-max strategy underlying TBSS was posited as a potential explanation for this high correspondence in the values of FA, at the expense of lesser alignment between anatomically concordant voxels.