Energy, momentum and angular momentum in the dyadosphere of a charged spacetime in teleparallel equivalent of general relativity

We apply the energy momentum and angular momentum tensor to a tetrad field,with two unknown functions of radial coordinate,in the framework of a teleparallel equivalent of general relativity(TEGR).The definition of the gravitational energy is used to investigate the energy within the external event horizon of the dyadosphere region for the Reissner-Nordstrm black hole.We also calculate the spatial momentum and angular momentum.     

Five-dimensional teleparallel theory equivalent to general relativity, the axially symmetric solution, energy and spatial momentum

A theory of (4+1)-dimensional gravity is developed on the basis of the teleparallel theory equivalent to general relativity. The fundamental gravitational field variables are the five-dimensional vector fields (pentad), defined globally on a manifold M, and gravity is attributed to the torsion. The Lagrangian density is quadratic in the torsion tensor. We then give the exact five-dimensional solution. The solution is a generalization of the familiar Schwarzschild and Kerr solutions of the four-dimensional teleparallel equivalent of general relativity. We also use the definition of the gravitational energy to calculate the energy and the spatial momentum.     

Brane world black holes in teleparallel theory equivalent to general relativity and their Killing vectors, energy, momentum and angular momentum

The energy--momentum tensor, which is coordinate-independent, is used to calculate energy, momentum and angular momentum of two different tetrad fields. Although, the two tetrad fields reproduce the same space--time their energies are different. Therefore, a regularized expression of the gravitational energy--momentum tensor of the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity (TEGR), is used to make the energies of the two tetrad fields equal. The definition of the gravitational energy--momentum is used to investigate the energy within the external event horizon. The components of angular momentum associated with these space--times are calculated. In spite of using a static space--time, we get a non-zero component of angular momentum! Therefore, we derive the Killing vectors associated with these space--times using the definition of the Lie derivative of a second rank tensor in the framework of the TEGR to make the picture more clear.     

Spherically symmetric solution in higher-dimensional teleparallel equivalent of general relativity

A theory of(N+1)-dimensional gravity is developed on the basis of the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity(TEGR).The fundamental gravitational field variables are the(N+1)-dimensional vector fields,defined globally on a manifold M,and the gravitational field is attributed to the torsion.The form of Lagrangian density is quadratic in torsion tensor.We then give an exact five-dimensional spherically symmetric solution(Schwarzschild(4+1)-dimensions).Finally,we calculate energy and spatial momentum using gravitational energy-momentum tensor and superpotential 2-form.     

Cosmological application on five-dimensional teleparallel theory equivalent to general relativity

A theory of(4+1)-dimensional gravity has been developed on the basis of which equivalent to the theory of general relativity by teleparallel.The fundamental gravitational field variables are the 5-dimensional(5D) vector fields(pentad),defined globally on a manifold M,and gravity is attributed to the torsion.The Lagrangian density is quadratic in the torsion tensor.We then apply the field equations to two different homogenous and isotropic geometric structures which give the same line element,i.e.,FRW in five dimensions.The cosmological parameters are calculated and some cosmological problems are discussed.     

Gravitational collapse with standard and dark energy in the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity

A perfect fluid with self-similarity of the second kind is studied within the framework of the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity(TEGR).A spacetime which is not asymptotically flat is derived.The energy conditions of this spacetime are studied.It is shown that after some time the strong energy condition is not enough to satisfy showing a transition from standard matter to dark energy.The singularities of this solution are discussed.     

On the gravitational angular momentum of rotating sources

The gravitational energy–momentum and angular momentum satisfy the algebra of the Poincaré group in the full phase space of the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity. The expression for the gravitational energy–momentum may be written as a surface integral in the three-dimensional spacelike hypersurface, whereas the definition for the angular momentum is given by a volume integral. It turns out that in practical calculations of the angular momentum of the gravitational field generated by localized sources like rotating neutron stars, the volume integral reduces to a surface integral, and the calculations can be easily carried out. Similar to previous investigations in the literature, we show that the total angular momentum is finite provided a certain asymptotic behaviour is verified. We discuss the dependence of the gravitational angular momentum on the frame, and argue that it is a measure of the dragging of inertial frames.     

电磁场角动量守恒定律的简明推导

对电磁场角动量守恒定律作了一种简明的推导。     

General regular charged space-times in teleparallel equivalent of general relativity

Using a non-linear version of electrodynamics coupled to the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity (TEGR), we obtain new regular exact solutions. The non-linear theory reduces to the Maxwell one in the weak limit with the tetrad fields corresponding to a charged space-time. We then apply the energy-momentum tensor of the gravitational field, established in the Hamiltonian structure of the TEGR, to the solutions obtained.     

Energy and momentum in Vaidya spacetime

The components of the energy-momentum pseudotensors of Einstein, Tolman, Landau and Lifshitz, and Møller are evaluated for the Vaidya radiating spacetime. These pseudotensors are found to be traceless for this spacetime. The pseudotensors of Einstein and Tolman give exactly same result for all their components. Unlike in the case of the Kerr-Newman field, the pseudotensor of Møller gives the same energy as given by that of the Einstein, Tolman or Landau and Lifshitz.     

Gravitational radiation fields in teleparallel equivalent of general relativity and their energies

We derive two new retarded solutions in the teleparallel theory equivalent to general relativity (TEGR).One of these solutions gives a divergent energy.Therefore,we use the regularized expression of the gravitational energymomentum tensor,which is a coordinate dependent.A detailed analysis of the loss of the mass of Bondi space-time is carried out using the flux of the gravitational energy-momentum.     

Geodesically equivalent metrics in general relativity

We discuss whether it is possible to reconstruct a metric from its nonparameterized geodesics, and how to do it effectively. We explain why this problem is interesting for general relativity. We show how to understand whether all curves from a sufficiently big family are nonparameterized geodesics of a certain affine connection, and how to reconstruct algorithmically a generic 4-dimensional metric from its nonparameterized geodesics. The algorithm works most effectively if the metric is Ricci-flat. We also prove that almost every metric does not allow nontrivial geodesic equivalence, and construct all pairs of 4-dimensional geodesically equivalent metrics of Lorentz signature.     

Charged dilaton,energy, momentum and angular-momentum in teleparallel theory equivalent to general relativity

We apply the energy-momentum tensor to calculate energy, momentum and angular-momentum of two different tetrad fields. This tensor is coordinate independent of the gravitational field established in the Hamiltonian structure of the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity (TEGR). The spacetime of these tetrad fields is the charged dilaton. Our results show that the energy associated with one of these tetrad fields is consistent, while the other one does not show this consistency. Therefore, we use the regularized expression of the gravitational energy-momentum tensor of the TEGR. We investigate the energy within the external event horizon using the definition of the gravitational energy-momentum. PACS 04.70.Bw; 04.50.+h; 04.20.-Jb     

Canonical momentum,angular momentum,and helicity of circularly polarized Airy beams

We report a study of the momentum, angular momentum, and helicity of circularly polarized Airy beams propagating in free space. By using the vector angular spectrum representation, the explicit analytical expressions for the electric and magnetic field components of circularly polarized Airy beams are derived in detail. To overcome the drawbacks of classical kinematics formulae when applied to structured light beams, a general canonical approach is introduced to describe the momentum, angular momentum and helicity of Airy beams. Numerical simulation results for the spatial distributions of the canonical momentum, spin and orbital angular momentum, as well as the helicity densities are presented and discussed. This study may provide useful insights into the dynamical properties of Airy beams that may be important in several applications, including the optical control, micromanipulation, and information processing.     

对量子力学中角动量的一点认识

指出了角动量算符Ｊ不存在本征值和本征矢量完全集,角动量算符Ｊ不描写一个可观察量以及角动量Ｊ不宜作为整体来讨论。     

旋转带电体和电磁场的角动量守恒定律及能量守恒定律

对均匀带电薄球壳匀加带旋转问题,由电磁场的角动量定恒守律和能量守恒定律两种方法分别得出了外力矩力其功率的正确正确结果。     

Effects of magnetic field on the evolution of the wave function of a charged particle with an angular momentum

We have calculated the effect of a magnetic field on the evolution of angular momentum eigenfunctions of a charged particle. An additional harmonic potential is supplemented to trap the wave packet. We find the probability density of the wave function is oscillating in the radial direction with a time period determined by the strength of the effective harmonic potential. When the magnetic field is along the z direction, if the initial wave function is an eigenfunction of ${\hat{L}}_{z}$, the probability density of the particle remains axis-symmetric. While for the case of an eigenfunction of ${\hat{L}}_{x}$, it is anisotropic in the x−y plane and rotates with a time period inverse proportional to the strength of the external magnetic field. We also extend the results in a phenomenological way to the case with an external magnetic field that varies harmonically in time.     

角动量演示仪器的设计

设计了角动量演示装置 ,该装置结构简单 ,便于携带 ,可较好的演示角动量守恒和决定转动惯量的因素等 .     

声子角动量与手性声子

在经典的物理学理论中,声子广泛地被认为是线极化的、不具有角动量的.最近的理论研究发现,在具有自旋声子相互作用的磁性体系(时间反演对称性破缺)中,声子可以携带非零的角动量,在零温时声子除了具有零点能以外还带有零点角动量;非零的声子角动量将会修正通过爱因斯坦-德哈斯效应测量的回磁比.在非磁性材料中,总的声子角动量为零,但是在空间反演对称性破缺的六角晶格体系中,其倒格子空间的高对称点上声子具有角动量,并具有确定的手性;三重旋转对称操作给予声子量子化的赝角动量,赝角动量的守恒将决定电子谷间散射的选择定则;此外还理论预测了谷声子霍尔效应.