盐酸苯达莫司汀的合成

以2,4-二硝基氯苯为起始原料,依次经甲胺化,选择性还原,N-酰化,环合,催化氢化,N-二羟乙基化,O-甲磺酰化,氯置换,酸化水解和成盐等10步反应合成盐酸苯达莫司汀,其结构经¹H NMR确证,总收率48.4%,纯度99.5%。     

盐酸苯达莫司汀杂质的合成

以[1-甲基-2-(4′-丁酸乙酯基)-5-氨基]-1H-苯并咪唑为原料,与氯乙醇经-N-单羟乙基化反应制得[1-甲基-2-(4′-丁酸乙酯基)-5-(2′-羟基乙基)氨基]-1H-苯并咪唑(A); A与氯化亚砜经氯化反应制得[1-甲基-2-(4′-丁酸乙酯基)-5-(2′-氯乙基)氨基]-1H-苯并咪唑(B); B在浓盐酸中经水解成盐反应合成了盐酸苯达莫司汀杂质[1-甲基-2-(4′-丁酸基)-5-(2′-氯乙基)氨基]-1H-苯并咪唑盐酸盐,总收率24.5%,纯度98.12%,其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和HR-MS(ESI)确证。     

盐酸达泊西汀的合成

以3-氯苯丙酮为起始原料,经不对称还原、烃化、O-甲磺酰化、SN2二甲胺化和成盐合成了盐酸达泊西汀,总收率39.9%,其结构经1H NMR和MS确证.     

3-{1-苯基-5-[N,N-二(2′-氯乙基)-氨基]-苯并咪唑-2-基}-丙酸

以2,4-二硝基氯苯和苯胺为起始原料,经取代、还原、酰化、环合、水解和成盐等八步反应合成目标化合3-{1-苯基-5-[N,N-二(2′-氯乙基)-氨基]-苯并咪唑-2-基}-丙酸,产物及重要中间体的结构均经1H NMR、IR得到确证。     

增感剂DPO的合成工艺研究

以苯亚磺酸钠和氯乙酸乙酯为起始原料,首先合成苯砜乙酸乙酯(Ⅰ);再与由1,1,3,3-四甲氧基丙烷与二乙胺反应得到的N,N-双乙基胺-1,3-二丙烯醋酸盐反应,得5-二乙基氨基-2-苯磺酰基-2,4-戊二烯乙酸乙酯(Ⅱ)中间体;最后与正辛醇酯交换得到目标产物5-二乙基氨基-2-苯磺酰基-2,4-戊二烯乙酸辛酯(DPO)。考察了溶剂的种类对制备化合物Ⅰ和投料比、反应温度对制备化合物Ⅱ的影响,并且通过重结晶法纯化DPO产品,最终可使产品DPO收率达到69.58%、产品纯度大于99.50%,并通过LC-MS和1H NMR对产品及中间产品进行了结构分析与确证。     

4-(二苯氨基)苯甲醛的合成工艺改进

以Al Cl3为催化剂,三苯氨(1)和原甲酸三乙酯(2)为原料,合成了4-(二苯氨基)苯甲醛(3),其结构经1H NMR和FT-IR确证。合成3的较佳工艺条件为:1 40 mmol,n(1)∶n(2)∶n(Al Cl3)=1∶5∶8,苯为溶剂,于30℃反应4 h,收率91%。     

二苯美仑的合成工艺改进及其同类物的合成

以苯甲醇、苯酚为起始原料,在活性A l2O3催化作用下,通过C laisen重排反应得到关键中间体2-苄基苯酚,再经过醚化、胺化、酸化反应得到一种新型结构的二苯美仑类化合物.反应过程经优化使中间体2-苄基苯酚产率较文献提高8%.合成的新化合物经IR,1H NMR及元素分析表征.     

荧光光度法测定肠虫清片剂中的阿苯达唑

利用β－环糊精－１,２－二溴乙烷乙醇混合体系作增敏剂首次提出了用荧光光度法测量阿苯达唑含量的方法。详细讨论了协人同剂对β－环精增敏作用的影响,根据不同酸度条件下协同剂的用量推断出阿苯达唑、β－环糊精及１,２－二上互存在多种包结形式。当协同剂用量不同时包结程度不同,分别形成１：１：１或１：１：２的多各包结物。利用本法测定了肠虫清片剂中的有产成分阿苯达唑的含量,结果满意。     

盐酸普拉克索的合成工艺改进

以(S)-2,6-二氨基-4,5,6,7-四氢苯并噻唑（3）为原料,经缩合、还原反应制得普拉克索（2）; 2与盐酸成盐后制得盐酸普拉克索一水合物（1）,其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, IR和MS（ESI）确证。研究了溶剂、反应温度、投料比γ［n(3) : n(正丙醛)］、析晶终止温度和精制降温速度对1收率的影响。结果表明：在最佳反应条件（无水甲醇为溶剂,γ=1.0 : 1.8,于-15~-20 ℃反应,析晶终止温度为-5~-10 ℃）下,最高收率可达61.5%。     

盐酸金刚乙胺的合成工艺改进

改进了盐酸金刚乙胺(1)的合成路线。以金刚烷甲酸为起始原料,经酰化,取代,脱羧,成肟,还原得1-金刚烷乙胺。考察了还原体系的种类、用量、反应温度和反应时间对1的合成的影响,确定了较佳的反应条件为:以雷尼镍(Raney-Ni)/氢气为还原体系,催化剂用量为1.0%,反应温度55℃,反应时间为21 h,在这些条件下盐酸金刚乙胺收率达85%,其结构经¹H-NMR,IR,MS确证。     

Study of the 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + oh- reaction in tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide aqueous micellar solutions

The 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + OH^- reaction was studied in tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide aqueous micellar solutions. Influence of changes in [surfactant] as well as in [NaOH] on the observed rate constant were rationalized by using pseudophase kinetic models. At high hydroxide ions concentration an additional pathway across the micellar boundary had to be considered. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

去甲斑蝥素四甲酸甲酯的合成工艺研究

聚酰亚胺是一类综合性能优异的耐高温胶黏剂,被广泛应用于航空航天及电子等高科技领域。去甲斑蝥素四甲酸单体进行聚合的聚酰亚胺可以降低分子刚性,这一特点引起了人们的注意。本文分别从钯催化剂的种类、CuCl2试剂的规格以及溶剂的级别等方面进行优化,最终发现在10%Pd/C,CuCl2试剂以及干燥处理过的甲醇溶剂条件下,以85%的较高收率得到去甲斑蝥素四甲酸甲酯单体。     

Sustainable Treatment and Detoxification of1-Chloro-2,4-Dinitrobenzene-containing Industrial Wastewater

In 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) manufacture, the washing process discharges a large amount of CDNB-rich acidic effluent: a very aggressive and toxic wastewater. The concentration of CDNB reaches up to 332.2mg/L. CDNB has been known as an intracellular glutathione-depleting agent and shown to have an adverse effect on erythrocyte membrane integrity and caused aemolysis of human red blood cell. 1 Its removal from wastewater is necessary for health and environmental reason.Two main techniques have been used for the decontamination of CDNB-containing wastewater:activate-carbon adsorption and biodegradation. Biodegradation method works well in summer.However in winter, the activity of animalcules decreases dramatically with the dropping of temperature. Adsorption of CDNB on fresh active-carbon is quick and efficient. However once saturated, active-carbon loses adsorption capacity sharply. The revival of active-carbon by flash steam blowing or sweeping proves to be sluggish and inefficient. Therefore frequent change and replenish of active-carbon is necessary which results in significant operating cost.In this study, we disclose an easy-operating and sustainable method for the treatment of CDNB-contaminated wastewater, which not only removes the toxic CDNB from wastewater and readily revives the active-carbon, but also produces another useful chemical 2,4-dinitrophenol(DNP). Our method is based upon the physical adsorption of CDNB on active-carbon and the chemical conversion of CDNB to SDNP and then to DNP. As a well known nucleophilic substitution example, chlorobenzene with one/two/three NO2, a very strong electron-withdrawing group, at its ortho- and/or para- positions can be readily hydrolysed to give the corresponding phenols under basic condition (Scheme 1).First, the CDNB-contaminated wastewater was treated with active-carbon at room temperature.CDNB was thus adsorbed on to active-carbon physically. The CDNB-loaded active-carbon was filtered off. The acidic filtrate was neutralised by aqueous Ca(OH)2 to give recyclable water or environmental friendly wastewater.Second, the loaded active-carbon was refluxed with aqueous alkaline which converts CDNB into water-soluble sodium 2,4-dinitrophenolate (SDNP). CDNB was therefore desorbed from active-carbon. Filtration of the suspension while hot followed by washing with hot water led to the revival of active-carbon. The revived active-carbon showed similar adsorption capacity to the fresh counterpart and can be recycled to treat the wastewater again and again. Third, acidification of the filtrate containing SDNP to pH = 4 led to nearly quantitative precipitation of DNP as crystals, which can be collected by filtration as another useful dye intermediate.     

Spectrophotometric Method for the Estimation of Vitamin C in Drug Formulations

Abstract

The use of 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene is described for spectrophotometric estimation of ascorbic acid. The procedure is based on the interaction of ascorbic acid with 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene in alkaline medium. The product absorbs maximally at 380 nm and has the molar absorptivity 0.14 × 10⁴1 mole^?1cm^?1. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range 0.12–0.6 mg/10ml of ascorbic acid.     

苯丁酸氮芥的合成以及工艺研究

苯丁酸氮芥(Chlorambucil)是目前临床上最重要的一种一线抗肿瘤药物。近年来以此药物为母核,对其进行结构改造,以期找到活性更好,副作用更小的抗肿瘤药物成为国际上研究的一个热点。但是,通过文献调研我们发现,目前只有少量文献报道此药物的全合成,且已报道的路线存在原料昂贵,工艺复杂,不绿色环保等问题。针对这些问题,本文报道了一条更加简便,环保,适合工业生产的路线,通过五步反应,以总收率19.9%得到了苯丁酸氮芥,对进一步研究此药物的应用提供了帮助。     

Deep eutectic solvent as an operative media on structure-reactivity relationships

Deep eutectic solvents seem to be environmentally friendly solvents, particularly because they are prepared easily and have very low-vapor pressures under ambient conditions. They are suitable candidates as green solvents for reaction media with special properties. To present this behavior, substitution reactions of some para- and meta-substituted anilines with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene have been spectrophotometrically investigated in varying mole fractions of ethaline as a deep eutectic solvent in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The measured rate coefficients of the reaction demonstrated a noticeable variation with the increasing mole fraction of ethaline in ethaline-DMSO mixtures. The linear free energy relationship (LFER) of second-order rate coefficients based on Hammett's substituent constants demonstrates a reasonably linear straight line with a negative slope in different mole fractions of ethaline-DMSO mixtures. Another LFER investigation based on the polarity parameters of the media showed a good agreement with hydrogen bond donor and acceptor abilities of the solvent. Non-LFER assay according to the preferential solvation model confirmed differences between the microsphere solvation of the solute molecules and the bulk composition of the solvents.     

Enantioseparation of Orciprenaline,Betaxolol, and Propranolol using HPLC and New Chiral Reagents Based on 1,5-Difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene

Diastereomers of three β-blockers (orciprenaline, betaxolol, and propranolol) were synthesized using three new chiral derivatizing reagents that were prepared by substituting one fluorine atom in 1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene with two chirally pure amines and one L-amino acid. The reagents were characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance. Diastereomers were synthesized under microwave irradiation at 50 s at 80% of 800 W and also by stirring for 50 min at 45°C. The diastereomers were separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on a C₁₈ column with detection at 340 nm using acetonitrile and aqueous trifluoroacetic acid as the mobile phase components. The conditions of derivatization and chromatographic separation were optimized. The method was validated for accuracy, precision, limit of detection, and limit of quantification.     

Kinetic determination of morphine in illicit powders,using a fluoride selective electrode,based on reaction with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene

A simple, accurate and selective method is described for the determination of morphine in illicit powders, based on monitoring the initial rate of fluoride ion liberation from the reaction of morphine with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene at pH 9 and 35 °C, using a solid-state fluoride ion-selective electrode. Under optimized reaction conditions, as little as 15 g/ml of morphine is determined with an average recovery of 99.5% and a mean relative standard deviation of 1.2%. Determination of morphine in real illicit powders containing 6–18% morphine gives results comparing favorably with those obtained from isocratic reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. No interferences are caused by many structurally related and associated compounds such as codeine, acetylcodeine, ethylmorphine, acetylmorphine and diacetylmorphine (heroin).     

艾拉莫德的合成工艺研究

通过对艾拉莫德重要中间体的的合成改进和优化,提高艾拉莫德的收率和纯度.以4-氯-3-硝基苯甲醚为原料经亲核取代反应、硝基还原、甲磺酰化、Houben-Hoesch反应、甲酰化、甲氧基脱甲基化和环合,共7步反应合成艾拉莫德.总收率42.49％,纯度100％.