Transverse profile expansion and homogenization at target for the injector Scheme-Ⅰ test stand of China-ADS

For the injector Scheme-Ⅰ test stand of the China-ADS (Accelerator Driven subcritical System), a beam with the maximum power of 100 kW will be produced and transported to the beam dump. To solve the very high thermal load problem at the dump, two measures are taken to deal with the huge power density at the target. One is to enlarge the contact area between the beam and the target, and this is to be accomplished by expanding the beam profile at the target and using slanted target plates. The other is to produce a more homogenous beam profile at the target to minimize the maximum power density. Here the beam dump line is designed to meet the requirement of beam expansion and homogenization at 3 different energies (3.2 MeV, 5 MeV and 10 MeV), and the step-like field magnets are employed for the beam spot homogenization. Taking into account the fact that the space charge effects are very strong at such low beam energies, the simulations have included space charge effects and errors which show that the beam line can meet the requirements very well. In the meantime, the alternative beam design using standard multipole magnets is also presented.     

Online measurement of the BEPC Ⅱ background using RadFET dosimeters

To monitor the integral dose deposited in the BESⅢ electromagnetic calorimeter whose perfor-mance degrades due to exposure to the BEPCⅡ background, a 400 nm IMPL RadFET dosimeter-based integral dose online monitor system is built. After calibration with the 60Co source and verification with TLD in the pulse radiation fields, an experiment was arranged to measure the BEPC Ⅱ background online. The results are presented.     

Error and jitter effect studies on the SLED for the BEPC Ⅱ-linac

An RF pulse compressor is a device used to convert a long RF pulse to a short one with a much higher peak RF magnitude. SLED can be regarded as the earliest RF pulse compressor to be used in large-scale linear accelerators. It has been widely studied around the world and applied in the BEPC and BEPC linac for many years. During routine operation, error and jitter effects will deteriorate the performance of SLED, either on the output electromagnetic wave amplitude or phase. The error effects mainly include the frequency drift induced by cooling water temperature variation and the frequency/Q 0 /β unbalances between the two energy storage cavities caused by mechanical fabrication or microwave tuning. The jitter effects refer to the PSK switching phase and time jitters. In this paper, we re-derive the generalized formulae for the conventional SLED used in the BEPC linac, and the error and jitter effects on SLED performance are also investigated.     

Study on cooling process of cryogenic system for superconducting magnets of BEPCⅡ

In the upgrade project of the Beijing Electron Positron Collider (BEPCⅡ), three superconducting magnets are employed to realize the goal of two orders of magnitude higher luminosity. A cryogenic system with a total capacity of 0.5~kW at 4.5~K was built at the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) to support the operations of these superconducting devices. For preparing the commissioning of the system, the refrigeration process was simulated and analyzed numerically. The numerical model was based on the latest engineering progress and focused on the normal operation mode. The pressure and temperature profiles of the cryogenic system are achieved with the simulation. The influence of the helium mass flow rates to cool superconducting magnets on the thermodynamic parameters of their normal operation is also studied and discussed in this paper.     

Error and jitter e ect studies on the SLED for the BEPCⅡ-linac

An RF pulse compressor is a device used to convert a long RF pulse to a short one with a much higher peak RF magnitude. SLED can be regarded as the earliest RF pulse compressor to be used in large-scale linear accelerators. It has been widely studied around the world and applied in the BEPC and BEPCⅡ linac for many years. During routine operation, error and jitter effects will deteriorate the performance of SLED, either on the output electromagnetic wave amplitude or phase. The error effects mainly include the frequency drift induced by cooling water temperature variation and the frequency/Q₀/β unbalances between the two energy storage cavities caused by mechanical fabrication or microwave tuning. The jitter effects refer to the PSK switching phase and time jitters. In this paper, we re-derive the generalized formulae for the conventional SLED used in the BEPCⅡ linac, and the error and jitter effects on SLED performance are also investigated.     

The cryogenic control system of BEPCⅡ

A superconducting cryogenic system has been designed and deployed in the Beijing Electron-Positron Collider Upgrade Project (BEPCⅡ). The system consists of a Siemens PLC (S7-PLC, Programmable Logic Controller) for the compressor control, an Allen Bradley (AB) PLC for the cryogenic equipments, and the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) that integrates the PLCs. The system fully automates the superconducting cryogenic control with process control, PID (Proportional-Integral-Differential) control loops, real-time data access and data storage, alarm handler and human machine interface. It is capable of automatic recovery as well. This paper describes the BEPCⅡ cryogenic control system, data communication between S7-PLC and EPICS Input/Output Controllers (IOCs), and the integration of the flow control, the low level interlock, the AB-PLC, and EPICS.     

Design and construction of the MEBT1 for CADS injector scheme Ⅱ

A Medium Energy Beam Transport line 1(MEBT1) has been designed for Injector Scheme II of the China ADS project. To match the beam from RFQ to Superconducting(SC) Half Wave Resonator(HWR) sections with emittance preservation, the MEBT1 has been designed to be mechanically compact. Working at 162.5 MHz,the MEBT1 transports a 10 m A, 2.1 Me V proton beam using seven quadrupoles and two bunching cavities within2.7 meters. Three collimators are placed between every two adjacent quadrupoles to collimate the beam halo. Design and construction of the MEBT1 are presented in this paper.     

The design simulation of the superconducting section in the ADS injector Ⅱ

The high-current superconducting proton linac is being studied for the accelerator-driven system (ADS) project undertaken by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The injector Ⅱ will be operated at 162.5 MHz, and the proton out from the RFQ with an energy of 2.5 MeV will be accelerated to 10 MeV by two cryo-modules, which are composed of eight superconducting half wave resonance cavities and nine solenoids. In this paper, the design and beam simulation of the superconducting section of the injector Ⅱ, the acceptance calculation and a stability analysis are presented.     

The BEPCⅡ Data Production and BESⅢ offline Analysis Software System

The BES detector has operated for about 12 years,and the BES offline data analysis environment also has been developed and upgraded along with developments of the BES hardware and software.The BESⅢ software system will operate for many years.Thus they should meet developments of the new technology in software,It should be highly flexible,Powerful,stable and easy for maintenance.And following points should be taken into account:1) To benefit the collaboration and make better exchanges with the international HEP experiments this system shoule be set up by adopting or referring the newest technology in the software from advanced experiments in the world.2).It should support hundreds of the existing BES software packages and serve for both old experts who familiar with BESII software and computing environment and new members who is going to benefit from the new system.3).The most BESII existing packages will be modified or re-designed according to the hardware changes.     

Beam dynamics studies on BEPC-Ⅱ storage rings at the commissioning stage

During the 1 st and 2 nd stages of the commissioning of the upgrade project of the Beijing Electron Positron Collider (BEPCⅡ), which started on Nov. 12, 2006 and Oct. 24, 2007, respectively, we got the luminosity one tenth of its design value, provided beams to synchrotron radiation users for about 4 months, and studied beam dynamics as well. In this paper, some beam dynamics studies on the storage rings and their preliminary results are given.     

A fast luminosity monitor for BEPCⅡ

The fast luminosity monitor counting the γ photons above a given energy threshold emitted from radiative Bhabha scattering has been operated in the BEPC Ⅱ to measure the relative luminosity bunch by bunch for the first time and used successfully in beam tuning of BEPC Ⅱ. In the relative mode the monitor is able to deliver the relative luminosities with an accuracy of 0.8 %. By steering the electron beam while observing the counting rate changes of the monitor the horizontal and vertical sizes of the bunch spots can be estimated as： Sxe＋ =Sxe =0.356 mm, Sye＋ =Sye- =0.011 mm.     

PAD Design for the Phasing System of BEPCⅡ Linac

Phase and amplitude measurement is one of the most important issues for the phasing system of BEPCⅡ linac. Two kinds of PAD, based on analog and digital I/Q demodulator respectively, have been constructed and tested in both laboratory and the klystron gallery of BEPCⅡ linac. A calibration algorithm based on LMS method is used to compensate the mismatches of the analog I/Q demodulator. Experiments show that both kinds of PAD run stably and can meet the requirements of the phasing system.     

FMA在BEPCⅡ上的应用

介绍了基于AT的FMA方法在BEPCⅡ上首次较系统的应用. 将AT分析结果与MAD和SAD程序比较, 吻合较好. 考虑高频腔和辐射阻尼效应, 利用FMA分别对BEPCⅡ对撞模式和注入模式进行分析, 揭示了相应的单粒子动力学, 为进一步优化提供指导和依据. 结果显示纵向横向耦合共振可能会对粒子动力学产生较大影响.     

BEPCⅡ直线加速器发射度测量

BEPCⅡ直线加速器采用改变四极磁铁励磁电流, 测量获取的束流横截面荧光图像得到束流包络, 进而通过对束流包络和励磁电流的拟合计算得到束流发射度和Twiss参数. 在BEPCⅡ直线加速器的改进过程中, 发现并解决了影响发射度测量结果准确性的多个问题, 改进了束流横截面测量方法和发射度计算方法, 提高了测量结果的准确性. 根据BEPCⅡ直线加速器的具体情况, 还编写了束流截面测量程序和发射度计算程序, 提高了发射度的测量和计算速度, 方便了发射度测量实验的使用.     

Coolant choice for the central beryllium pipe of the BESⅢ beam pipe

In order to take away much more heat on the BESⅢ beam pipe to guarantee the normal particle detection,EDM-1(oil No.1 for electric discharge machining),with good thermal and flow properties was selected as the candidate coolant for the central beryllium pipe of the BESⅢ beam pipe.Its cooling character was studied and dynamic corrosion experiment was undertaken to examine its corrosion on beryllium.The experiment results show that EDM-1 would corrode the beryllium 19.9 μm in the depth in 10 years,which is weak and can be neglected.Finite element simulation and experiment research were taken to check the cooling capacity of EDM-1.The results show that EDM-1 can meet the cooling requirement of the central beryllium pipe.Now EDM-1 is being used to cool the central beryllium pipe of the BESⅢ beam pipe.     

Working principles of the energy measurement system at BEPCⅡ

The proposed beam energy measurement system at BEPCⅡ is composed     

BEPC Ⅱ注入器相控系统的设计

以2.856GHz频率上相位控制达到±2°为目标,阐述北京正负电子对撞机重大改造工程注入器相控系统设计思路,提出相应的系统实现结构。在分析相控过程的基础上,分解系统指标,把它作为相控系统详细设计和关键部件测试的依据。最后,针对相位测量这一关键问题,给出了具体的实现方法。     

BEPCⅡ高质量结束第二轮同步辐射运行

BEPCⅡ第二轮同步辐射运行于2007年7月31日上午8点圆满结束。本轮运行从2007年6月15日开始，通过系列机器研究，束流流强、寿命和轨道稳定性相比第一轮运行有了较大提高。至2007年7月31日8：00，累计为同步辐射供光793小时，积分流强85．98安培小时，硬件故障17．8小时，尤其是21～31日连续240小时无故障。储存环8小时定时注入，供光流强从188mA到75mA，4W2GAP18mm，轨道可以实现慢反馈控制，这些标志着BEPCⅡ同步辐射运行已达到相当高的水平。     

A study of the calibration of wire positions for the BESⅢ drift chamber using physics data without magnetic field

A method to determine precisely three-dimensional wire positions in the BESⅢ drift chamber using physics events is introduced. In part the proposed technique takes advantage of the possibility that the magnetic field can be turned off, thereby providing a huge sample of straight tracks for which effects due to multiple scattering, energy loss and non-uniformity of the magnetic field are minimized during the calibration process. A toy Monte Carlo study is performed to demonstrate the viability of the method. As a result of the calibration process, the rms of the distribution of wire position deviation is reduced from 35μm to 10μm.     

Full period superconducting section physics design for injector Ⅱ of China-ADS

The China Accelerator Driven Subcritical System (China-ADS) project, which is a strategic plan and aims to design and build an ADS demonstration facility, has been proposed and launched actively in China. Injector Ⅱ as one of the parallel injectors of China-ADS, and is prompted by the Institute of Modern Physics (IMP). In this paper, a new scheme with full period lattice structure for the SC section is proposed. In the new scheme, there are sixteen periods, with one superconducting solenoid and one superconducting cavity included in each period. All of the elements are contained in four cryomodules. The dreadful influence of the mismatch caused by period structural change can be avoided, and the beam quality is favorable. In addition, this new scheme has certain advantages in reducing the project's difficulty and construction risk. The details of the design and beam dynamic simulation for the full period lattice structure are given in this paper.