AlGaN/GaN高电子迁移率晶体管肖特基高温退火机理研究

在不同应力条件下,研究了AlGaN/GaN高电子迁移率晶体管高温退火前后的电流崩塌、栅泄漏电流以及击穿电压的变化.结果表明,AlGaN/GaN高电子迁移率晶体管通过肖特基高温退火以后,器件的特性得到很大的改善.利用电镜扫描(SEM)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对高温退火前、后的肖特基接触界面进行深入分析,发现器件经过高温退火后,Ni和AlGaN层之间介质的去除,并且AlGaN材料表面附近的陷阱减少,使得肖特基有效势垒提高,从而提高器件的电学特性. 关键词： AlGaN/GaN高电子迁移率晶体管 肖特基接触 界面陷阱     

AlGaN/GaN 高电子迁移率晶体管漏电流退化机理研究

本文首先制备了与AlGaN/GaN高电子迁移率晶体管 (HEMT) 结构与特性等效的AlGaN/GaN异质结肖特基二极管, 采用步进应力测试比较了不同栅压下器件漏电流的变化情况, 然后基于电流-电压和电容-电压测试验证了退化前后漏电流的传输机理, 并使用失效分析技术光发射显微镜 (EMMI) 观测器件表面的光发射, 研究了漏电流的时间依赖退化机理. 实验结果表明: 在栅压高于某临界值后, 器件漏电流随时间开始增加, 同时伴有较大的噪声. 将极化电场引入电流与电场的依赖关系后, 器件退化前后的 log(I_FT/E)与√E 都遵循良好的线性关系, 表明漏电流均由电子Frenkel-Poole (FP) 发射主导. 退化后 log(I_FT/E)与√E 曲线斜率的减小, 以及利用EMMI在栅边缘直接观察到了与缺陷存在对应关系的“热点”, 证明了漏电流退化的机理是: 高电场在AlGaN层中诱发了新的缺陷, 而缺陷密度的增加导致了FP发射电流I_FT的增加. 关键词： AlGaN/GaN 高电子迁移率晶体管 漏电流 退化机理     

AlGaN/GaN高电子迁移率晶体管中kink效应的半经验模型

初步分析了AlGaN/GaN 器件上的kink效应. 在直流模型的基础上, 建立了AlGaN/GaN 高电子迁移率晶体管中kink效应的半经验模型, 并加入了kink效应发生的漏源偏压与栅源偏压的关系. 该模型得出较为准确的模拟结果, 可用来判断kink效应的发生和电流的变化量. 最后, 我们采用模型仿真结合实验分析的方法, 对kink效应进行了一定的物理研究, 结果表明碰撞电离对kink效应的发生有一定的促进作用.     

开态应力下电压和电流对AlGaN/GaN高电子迁移率晶体管的退化作用研究

通过采集等功率的两种不同开态直流应力作用下AlGaN/GaN高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMTs)漏源电流输出特性、源区和漏区大信号寄生电阻、转移特性、阈值电压随应力时间的变化, 并使用光发射显微镜观察器件漏电流情况, 研究了开态应力下电压和电流对AlGaN/GaN高电子迁移率晶体管的退化作用. 结果表明, 低电压大电流应力下器件退化很少, 高电压大电流下器件退化较明显. 高电压是HEMTs退化的主要因素, 栅漏之间高电场引起的逆压电效应对参数的永久性退化起决定性作用. 除此之外, 器件表面损坏部位的显微图像表明低电压大电流下器件失效是由于局部电流密度过高, 出现热斑导致器件损伤引起的.     

AlGaN/GaN槽栅HEMT模拟与实验研究

分析了栅槽深度对AlGaN/GaN HEMT特性的影响,并对不同栅槽深度的器件特性进行了模拟,得到了器件饱和电流、最大跨导和阈值电压随栅槽深度的变化规律.当槽栅深度增大,器件饱和电流逐渐下降,而最大跨导逐渐增大,阈值电压向X轴正方向移动.研制出不同栅槽深度的蓝宝石衬底AlGaN/GaN HEMT,用实验数据验证了得到的不同栅槽深度器件特性变化规律.从刻蚀损伤和刻蚀引入界面态的角度分析了模拟与实验规律产生差别的原因. 关键词： 高电子迁移率晶体管 AlGaN/GaN 槽栅器件     

AlGaN/GaN高电子迁移率晶体管温度传感器特性

本文制作了基于无栅AlGaN/GaN高电子迁移率晶体管结构的温度传感器,并对其温度相关的电学特性进行了表征.实验测试了器件从50℃到400℃的变温电流-电压特性,研究了器件灵敏度随着器件沟道长宽比的变化,并研究了在300—500℃高温的空气和氮气中经过1 h恒温加热后器件的电学特性变化.理论与实验研究结果表明,随着器件沟道长宽比的增大,器件的灵敏度会随之上升;在固定电流0.01 A下,器件电压随温度变化的平均灵敏度为44.5 mV/℃.同时,稳定性实验显示器件具有较好的高温保持稳定性.     

具有高开启/关断电流比的Al2O3/AlGaN/GaN金属氧化物半导体高电子迁移率晶体管

采用原子层淀积(ALD)方法,制备了Al₂O₃为栅介质的高性能AlGaN/GaN金属氧化物半导体高电子迁移率晶体管(MOS-HEMT)。在栅压为-20 V时,MOS-HEMT的栅漏电比Schottky-gate HEMT的栅漏电低4个数量级以上。在栅压为+2 V时,Schottky-gate HEMT的栅漏电为191μA;在栅压为+20 V时,MOS-HEMT的栅漏电仅为23.6 nA,比同样尺寸的Schottky-gate HEMT的栅漏电低将近7个数量级。AlGaN/GaN MOS-HEMT的栅压摆幅达到了±20 V。在栅压V_gs=0 V时, MOS-HEMT的饱和电流密度达到了646 mA/mm,相比Schottky-gate HEMT的饱和电流密度(277 mA/mm)提高了133%。栅漏间距为10μm的AlGaN/GaN MOS-HEMT器件在栅压为+3 V时的最大饱和输出电流达到680 mA/mm,特征导通电阻为1.47 mΩ·cm²。Schottky-gate HEMT的开启与关断电流比仅为10⁵,MOS-HEMT的开启与关断电流比超过了10⁹,超出了Schottky-gate HEMT器件4个数量级,原因是栅漏电的降低提高了MOS-HEMT的开启与关断电流比。在V_gs=-14 V时,栅漏间距为10μm的AlGaN/GaN MOS-HEMT的关断击穿电压为640 V,关断泄露电流为27μA/mm。     

用逆压电极化模型对AlGaN/GaN 高电子迁移率晶体管电流崩塌现象的研究

通过自洽求解一维Poisson-Schrdinger方程,模拟了AlGaN/GaN高电子迁移率晶体管在工作时等效外电场对AlGaN/GaN异质结沟道处二维电子气(2DEG)浓度的影响.分析了逆压电极化效应的作用,从正-逆压电极化现象出发,提出了逆压电极化模型.计算结果显示：逆压电极化明显影响2DEG性质,当Al组分x=0.3,AlGaN层厚度为20 nm时,不考虑逆压电极化,2DEG浓度为1.53×10¹³cm^-2;当等效外电压分别为10和15V 关键词： AlGaN/GaN高电子迁移率晶体管 Poisson-Schrdinger方程 逆压电极化模型 电流崩塌     

加载功率与壳温对AlGaN/GaN高速电子迁移率晶体管器件热阻的影响

结温是制约器件性能和可靠性的关键因素, 通常利用热阻计算器件的工作结温. 然而, 器件的热阻并不是固定值, 它随器件的施加功率、温度环境等工作条件的改变而变化. 针对该问题, 本文以CREE公司生产的高速电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT)器件为研究对象, 利用红外热像测温法与Sentaurus TCAD模拟法相结合, 测量研究了AlGaN/GaN HEMT器件在不同加载功率以及管壳温度下热阻的变化规律. 研究发现: 当器件壳温由80 ℃升高至130 ℃时, 其热阻由5.9 ℃/W变化为6.8 ℃/W, 增大15%, 其热阻与结温呈正反馈效应; 当器件的加载功率从2.8 W增加至14 W时, 其热阻从5.3 ℃/W变化为6.5 ℃/W, 增大22%. 对其热阻变化机理的研究发现: 在不同的管壳温度以及不同的加载功率条件下, 由于材料导热系数的变化导致其热阻随温度与加载功率的变化而变化.     

掺Fe高阻GaN缓冲层特性及其对AlGaN/GaN高电子迁移率晶体管器件的影响研究

利用金属有机物化学气相沉积技术在蓝宝石衬底上制备了掺Fe高阻Ga N以及Al Ga N/Ga N高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT)结构.对Cp_2Fe流量不同的高阻Ga N特性进行了研究.研究结果表明,Fe杂质在Ga N材料中引入的Fe~(3+/2+)深受主能级能够补偿背景载流子浓度从而实现高阻,Fe杂质在Ga N材料中引入更多起受主作用的刃位错,也在一定程度上补偿了背景载流子浓度.在一定范围内,Ga N材料方块电阻随Cp_2Fe流量增加而增加,Cp_2Fe流量为100 sccm(1 sccm 1mL min)时,方块电阻增加不再明显;另外增加Cp_2Fe流量也会导致材料质量下降,表面更加粗糙.因此,优选Cp_2Fe流量为75 sccm,相应方块电阻高达×10?/,外延了不同掺Fe层厚度的Al Ga N/Ga N HEMT结构,并制备成器件.HEMT器件均具有良好的夹断以及栅控特性,并且增加掺Fe层厚度使得HEMT器件的击穿电压提高了39.3%,同时对器件的转移特性影响较小.     

High temperature characteristics of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors

Direct current (DC) and pulsed measurements are performed to determine the degradation mechanisms of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) under high temperature. The degradation of the DC characteristics is mainly attributed to the reduction in the density and the mobility of the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). The pulsed measurements indicate that the trap assisted tunneling is the dominant gate leakage mechanism in the temperature range of interest. The traps in the barrier layer become active as the temperature increases, which is conducive to the electron tunneling between the gate and the channel. The enhancement of the tunneling results in the weakening of the current collapse effects, as the electrons trapped by the barrier traps can escape more easily at the higher temperature.     

AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors with transparent gates by Al-doped ZnO

AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors （HEMTs） with Al-doped ZnO （AZO） transparent gate electrodes are fabricated, and Ni/Au/Ni-gated HEMTs are produced in comparison. The AZO-gated HEMTs show good DC characteristics and Schottky rectifying characteristics, and the gate electrodes achieve excellent transparencies. Compared with Ni/Au/Ni-gated HEMTs, AZO-gated HEMTs show a low saturation current, high threshold voltage, high Schottky barrier height, and low gate reverse leakage current. Due to the higher gate resistivity, AZO-gated HEMTs exhibit a current-gain cutoff frequency （fT） of 10 GHz and a power gain cutoff frequency （fmax） of 5 GHz, and lower maximum oscillation frequency than Ni/Au/Ni-gated HEMTs. Moreover, the C-V characteristics are measured and the gate interface characteristics of the AZO-gated devices are investigated by a C-V dual sweep.     

Neutron irradiation effects on AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors

AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) were exposed to 1 MeV neutron irradiation at a neutron fluence of 1 × 10¹⁵ cm^-2. The dc characteristics of the devices, such as the drain saturation current and the maximum transconductance, decreased after neutron irradiation. The gate leakage currents increased obviously after neutron irradiation. However, the rf characteristics, such as the cut-off frequency and the maximum frequency, were hardly affected by neutron irradiation. The AlGaN/GaN heterojunctions have been employed for the better understanding of the degradation mechanism. It is shown in the Hall measurements and capacitance-voltage tests that the mobility and concentration of two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) decreased after neutron irradiation. There was no evidence of the full-width at half-maximum of X-ray diffraction (XRD) rocking curve changing after irradiation, so the dislocation was not influenced by neutron irradiation. It is concluded that the point defects induced in AlGaN and GaN by neutron irradiation are the dominant mechanisms responsible for performance degradations of AlGaN/GaN HEMT devices.     

Electric field driven plasmon dispersion in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors

We present a theoretical study on the electric field driven plasmon dispersion of the two-dimensional electron gas(2DEG)in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors(HEMTs).By introducing a drifted Fermi–Dirac distribution,we calculate the transport properties of the 2DEG in the AlGaN/GaN interface by employing the balance-equation approach based on the Boltzmann equation.Then,the nonequilibrium Fermi–Dirac function is obtained by applying the calculated electron drift velocity and electron temperature.Under random phase approximation(RPA),the electric field driven plasmon dispersion is investigated.The calculated results indicate that the plasmon frequency is dominated by both the electric field and the angle between wavevector and electric field.Importantly,the plasmon frequency could be tuned by the applied source–drain bias voltage besides the gate voltage(change of the electron density).     

Time-dependent degradation of threshold voltage in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors

This paper gives a detailed analysis of the time-dependent degradation of the threshold voltage in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors(HEMTs) submitted to off-state stress. The threshold voltage shows a positive shift in the early stress, then turns to a negative shift. The negative shift of the threshold voltage seems to have a long recovery time. A model related with the balance of electron trapping and detrapping induced by shallow donors and deep acceptors is proposed to explain this degradation mode.     

Investigation of AlGaN/GaN fluorine plasma treatment enhancement-mode high electronic mobility transistors by frequency-dependent capacitance and conductance analysis

This paper reports fluorine plasma treatment enhancement-mode HEMTs (high electronic mobility transistors) EHEMTs and conventional depletion-mode HEMTs DHEMTs fabricated on one wafer using separate litho-photography technology. It finds that fluorine plasma etches the AlGaN at a slow rate by capacitance--voltage measurement. Using capacitance--frequency measurement, it finds one type of trap in conventional DHEMTs with τ_T=(0.5-6) ms and D_T= (1 - 5) × 10¹³ cm^-2·eV^-1. Two types of trap are found in fluorine plasma treatment EHEMTs, fast with τ_T(f)=(0.2-2) μs and slow with τ_T(s)=(0.5-6) ms. The density of trap states evaluated on the EHEMTs is D_T(f)=(1 - 3) × 10¹² cm^-2·eV^-1 and D_T(s)=(2 - 6) × 10¹² cm^-2·eV^-1 for the fast and slow traps, respectively. The result shows that the fluorine plasma treatment reduces the slow trap density by about one order, but introduces a new type of fast trap. The slow trap is suggested to be a surface trap, related to the gate leakage current.     

Simulation design of normally-off AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors with p-GaN Schottky hybrid gate

A novel normally-off AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) with a p-GaN Schottky hybrid gate (PSHG) is proposed, and compared with the conventional p-GaN normally-off AlGaN/GaN HEMTs. This structure can be realized by selective etching of p-GaN layer, which enables the Schottky junction and PN junction to control the channel charge at the same time. The direct current (DC) and switching characteristics of the PSHG HEMTs are simulated by Slivaco TCAD, and the p-GaN HEMTs and conventional normally-on HEMTs are also simulated for comparison. The simulation results show that the PSHG HEMTs have a higher current density and a lower on-resistance than p-GaN HEMTs, which is more obvious with the decrease of p-GaN ratios of the PSHG HEMTs. The breakdown voltage and threshold voltage of the PSHG HEMTs are very close to those of the p-GaN HEMTs. In addition, the PSHG HEMTs have a higher switching speed than the conventional normally-on HEMTs, and the p-GaN layer ratio has no obvious effect on the switching speed.