X射线驻波方法研究半导体超薄异质外延层

利用双晶单色器和精密二圆衍射仪,在北京同步辐射装置建立了同步辐射X射线驻波实验技术,并用这一实验技术结合X射线衍射方法,研究了Si晶体中外延生长的超薄Ge原子层的微结构.实验结果表明,由于Ge原子的偏析,在Si晶体样品中形成了共格生长的Ge_xSi_1－x合金层,浓度平均值为x≈0.13;650℃退火会使Ge原子向表面扩散,Si晶体中的合金层消失,在晶体表面形成接近纯Ge的单原子层.     

硅基锗薄膜选区外延生长研究

利用超高真空化学气相沉积系统, 基于低温Ge缓冲层和选区外延技术, 在Si/SiO₂图形衬底上选择性外延生长Ge薄膜. 采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、原子力显微镜、拉曼散射光谱等表征了其晶体质量和应变等参数随图形尺寸的变化规律. 测试结果显示, 位错密度随着图形衬底外延窗口的尺寸减小而减少, Ge层中的张应变随窗口尺寸的增大先增大而后趋于稳定. 其原因是选区外延Ge在图形边界形成了(113)面, 减小了材料系统的应变能, 而单位体积应变能随窗口尺寸的增加而减少; 选区外延厚度为380 nm的Ge薄膜X射线衍射曲线半高宽为678", 表面粗糙度为0.2 nm, 表明选区生长的Ge材料具有良好的晶体质量, 有望应用于Si基光电集成.     

X射线驻波方法研究半导体超薄异质外延层

利用双晶单色器和精密二圆衍射仪,在北京同步辐射装置建立了同步辐射X射线驻波实验技术,并用这一实验技术结合X射线衍射方法,研究了Si晶体中外延生长的起薄Ge原于层的微结构。实验结果表明,由于Ge原予的偏析,在Si晶体样品中形成了共格生长的GexSi1-x合金层,浓度平均值为x≈0.13;650℃退大会使Ge原予向表面扩散,Si晶体中的合金层消失,在晶体表面形成接近纯Ge的单原于层。     

X射线衍射研究表面活化剂对异质外延薄层Ge结构的影响

利用原位的反射式高能电子衍射和非原位的X射线衍射技术，研究了活化剂Sb对于Ge在Si上外延过程的影响．当没有活化剂、Ge层厚度为6nm时，外延Ge层形成岛状，应力完全释放．当有Sb时、Ge在Si上的生长是二维的，并且应力释放是缓慢的，即使Ge外延层厚为6nm，仍有42%的应变没有弛豫． 关键词：     

Si(001)衬底上分子束外延生长Ge0.975Sn0.025合金薄膜

使用低、高温两步法生长的高质量Ge薄膜作为缓冲层,在Si(001)衬底上采用分子束外延法生长出Ge_0.975Sn_0.025合金薄膜.X射线双晶衍射和卢瑟福背散射谱等测试结果表明,Ge_0.975Sn_0.025合金薄膜具有很好的晶体质量,并且没有发生Sn表面分凝.另外,Ge_0.975Sn_0.025合金薄膜在500 ℃下具有很好的热稳定性,有望在Si基光电器件中得到应用. 关键词： GeSn Ge 分子束外延 外延生长     

GaAs/Ge的MOCVD生长研究

用常压MOCVD在Ge衬底上外延生长了GaAs单晶层,研究了GaAs和6e的极性与非极性材料异质外延生长,获得了质量优良的GaAs/Ge外延片,GaAs外延层X射线双晶衍射回摆曲线半高宽达16弧秒.10K下PL谱半峰宽为7meV.讨论了极性与非极性外延的界面反相畴问题和GaAs-Ge界面的Ga、Ge原子互扩散问题.     

在Si衬底上用分子束外延低温生长Ge薄膜

本文报道了室温下淀积的薄层Ge在Si衬底表面上通过加热形成结晶的Ge岛,然后在此“带结构”的衬底表面上用分子束外延(MBE)方法生长Ge薄膜的反射式高能电子衍射(RHEED),俄歇电子能谱(AES)研究结果。X射线双晶衍射的测试结果表明,衬底表面的Ge岛有助于释放外延层的失配应力,提高外延层的晶体质量。 关键词：     

Si缓冲层的生长温度对SiGe组分、结构的影响

利用同步辐射X射线高分辨衍射、掠入射表面衍射、原子力显微镜、电子显微镜等手段研究了SiGe外延层的生长质量、组分与作为缓冲层Si的生长温度之间的关系. 研究表明, 在外延薄膜中Ge的含量为32±2%; 当Si缓冲层生长温度在400—500\textcelsius范围内, SiGe外延层质量高, 没有生长位错出现. X射线反射及原子力显微镜则显示对应最光滑的SiGe外延层表面的Si缓冲层的生长温度为450\textcelsius, 相应的表面粗糙度仅为大约15\AA.     

基于多层膜技术的硬X射线Laue透镜衍射效率的理论研究

采用耦合波理论分析了X射线在多层膜Laue透镜中的传播,选择Cu的Kα线作X射线光源,计算了多层膜Laue透镜的衍射效率.材料为WSi2/Si,最外层宽度为10 nm,深度为8 500 nm的多层膜Laue透镜,倾斜情况下外层区域局部光栅的衍射效率可达59%,理论上证明了多层膜Laue透镜是实现X射线聚焦的有效手段.     

用激光分子束外延在Si衬底上外延生长高质量的TiN薄膜

采用激光分子束外延技术，利用两步法，在Si单晶衬底上成功地外延生长出TiN薄膜材料.原子力显微镜分析结果显示， TiN薄膜材料表面光滑，在10 μm×10 μm范围内，均方根粗糙度为0842nm.霍耳效应测量结果显示，TiN薄膜在室温条件下的电阻率为36×10^-5Ω·cm，迁移率达到5830 cm²/V·S，表明TiN薄膜材料是一种优良的电极材料.X射线θ—2θ扫描结果和很高的迁移率均表明，高质量的TiN薄膜材料被外延在Si衬底     

循环氧化/退火制备GeOI薄膜材料及其性质研究

采用超高真空化学气相淀积系统在SOI(绝缘体上硅)衬底上生长了Si_0.82Ge_0.18外延层,通过循环氧化/退火工艺,制备出Ge组分从0.24到1的绝缘体上锗硅(SGOI)材料.采用高分辨透射电镜、拉曼散射光谱和光致发光谱表征了其结构及光学性质,对氧化过程中SiGe层中的Ge组分和应变的演变进行了分析.最后制备出11 nm厚的绝缘体上Ge材料(GeOI),具有完整的晶格结构和平整的界面.室温下观测到绝缘体上Ge直接带跃迁光致发光,发光峰值位于1540 nm,发光 关键词： GeOI 氧化 退火 光致发光谱     

Evidence for fast decay dynamics of the photoluminescence from Ge nanocrystals embedded in SiO2

We have investigated the origin of room temperature photoluminescence from ion-beam synthesized Ge nanocrystals (NCs) embedded in SiO₂ using steady state and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) measurements. Ge NCs of diameter 4-13 nm were grown embedded in a thermally grown SiO₂ layer by Ge⁺ ion implantation and subsequent annealing. Steady state PL spectra show a peak at ∼2.1 eV originating from Ge NCs and another peak at ∼2.3 eV arising from ion-beam induced defects in the SiO₂ matrix. Time-resolved PL studies reveal double exponential decay dynamics on the nanoseconds time scale. The faster component of the decay with a time constant τ₁∼3.1 ns is attributed to the nonradiative lifetime, since the time constant reduces with increasing defect density. The slower component with time constant τ₂∼10 ns is attributed to radiative recombination at the Ge NCs. Our results are in close agreement with the theoretically predicted radiative lifetime for small Ge NCs.     

Characterization of GaN/AlGaN epitaxial layers grown by metalorganic chemical vapour deposition for high electron mobility transistor applications

GaN and AlGaN epitaxial layers are grown by a metalorganic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) system. The crystalline quality of these epitaxially grown layers is studied by different characterization techniques. PL measurements indicate band edge emission peak at 363.8 nm and 312 nm for GaN and AlGaN layers respectively. High resolution XRD (HRXRD) peaks show FWHM of 272 and 296 arcsec for the (0 0 0 2) plane of GaN and GaN in GaN/AlGaN respectively. For GaN buffer layer, the Hall mobility is 346 cm²/V-s and carrier concentration is 4.5 × 10¹⁶/cm³. AFM studies on GaN buffer layer show a dislocation density of 2 × 10⁸/cm² by wet etching in hot phosphoric acid. The refractive indices of GaN buffer layer on sapphire at 633 nm are 2.3544 and 2.1515 for TE and TM modes respectively.     

Characterization of high-quality MBE-grown GaN films on intermediate-temperature buffer layers

High-quality GaN thin films are grown by rf-plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy. The quality of the GaN epitaxial layer is significantly improved by using an intermediate-temperature GaN buffer layer (ITBL) in addition to a conventional 20-nm-thick low-temperature buffer layer. The GaN epitaxial layers demonstrate systematic improvements in the electron mobility increasing from 82 cm² V^-1 s^-1, for films grown with just the low-temperature buffer layer, to about 380 cm² V^-1 s^-1 for films grown with an ITBL of thickness 800 nm. The photoluminescence also indicates systematic improvements in the intensity and the full-width-half-maximum with the use of ITBL. Photoreflectance spectra are measured from the GaN films. Detailed analyses of the excitonic transition energy demonstrate that the residual strain relaxes rapidly with the use of ITBL, which is attributed to the observed improvements in the mobility and the PL spectra. Received: 30 November 2000 / Accepted: 4 December 2000 / Published online: 9 February 2001     

Photoluminescence spectra of Sn doped GaAs epitaxial layers: Influence of epitaxial process parameters

Photoluminescence measurements are performed with Sn doped GaAs epitaxial layers $\text{(}\text{n}\text{?}\text{= 4.10}{}^{18}$ to 1.1.10¹⁹ cm^?3) grown from a Sn solution. These samples exhibit the near-bandgap band and four further bands at 1.47, 1.33, 1.2 and 1.08 eV (77K). Their dependence on several parameters of the epitaxial process is studied systematically. The ratio of the peak intensities at 1.33 and 1.47 eV is observed to be influenced by the end temperature, by the growth rate of the layers, and by annealing processes. Comparison is made between the photoluminescence data and the doping concentrations which depend on the same parameters.     

Lasing characteristics and growth of CdS epitaxial thin-films excited by second harmonic Nd: YAG laser radiation at 473 nm

The first experimental study on CdS epitaxial thin-film lasers with ZnS substrates is reported. For the first time single crystal layers of CdS have been grown on the (111) faces of ZnS substrate by the hydrogen transport method. Laser emission at 491.8 nm has been observed from these layers cooled near liquid-nitrogen temperature. Optical pumping is performed by the second harmonic of a Q-switched Nd: YAG laser operated at 473 nm, the energy of which exceeds slightly the band-gap energy of the cooled epitaxial CdS layer. The measured optical gain for these CdS thin-films compared with that for platelet CdS single crystals reveals that the optical confinement inside the epitaxial layer increases the optical gain by a factor of about two.     

Chemical characterization by XPS of Cu/Ge ohmic contacts to n-GaAs

Chemical composition of Cu/Ge layers deposited on a 1 μm thick n-type GaAs epitaxial layer (doped with Te to a concentration of 5 × 10¹⁸ cm⁻³) and its interface were examined ex situ by XPS combined with Ar⁺ sputtering. These measurements indicate a diffusion of Cu and Ge from the Cu/Ge layer towards GaAs and, also, an out-diffusion of Ga and As from the GaAs layer to the metallic films. The Auger parameter corrected Auger spectra and XPS spectra show only Cu and Ge metals in the in the Cu/Ge layer and in the interface.     

氧化硅缓冲层对于退火形成锗量子点的作用研究

在化学氧化得到的二氧化硅薄层覆盖的硅衬底上,室温淀积锗膜并进行后期退火处理.实验表明,不同于传统退火过程形成大岛,通过一定工艺的控制可以获得高密度(~10¹¹ cm^-2)的均匀锗量子点.研究了后期退火温度对量子点的结构影响的局部反常规律并进行了原因分析.利用拉曼和荧光光谱研究了其应力和发光特性,发现在可见(500 nm)和近红外(1350 nm)的两个光致荧光峰出现. 关键词： 锗量子点 二氧化硅 退火     

Sub-10-nm multifacet domelike Ge quantum dots grown on clean Si (001) (2×1) surface

Sub-10-nm multifacet domelike Ge quantum dots (QDs) ensembles with uniform size have been achieved on a clean Si (001) (2×1) reconstructed surface at a substrate temperature of 450°C, total Ge coverage of 7 ML, Ge deposition rate of ∼0.0115 ML/s and no post-annealing. Their areal density and diameter are 5.2×10¹¹ cm⁻² and 7.2±2.3 nm, respectively, which is explained by a pit-mediated mass transferring nucleation mechanism suggested by us. According to the phase diagram analysis, their domelike morphology can be attributed to a relatively high growth temperature. Their high density and small size result in a strong non-phonon peak with a large blue shift of 0.19 eV in the low-temperature photoluminescence spectrum.