Electrical and optical characteristics of the radio frequency surface dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuation

Electrical characteristics and optical emission spectrum of the radio frequency(RF) surface dielectric barrier discharge(SDBD) plasma actuation are investigated experimentally in this paper. Influences of operating pressure, duty cycle and load power on the discharge are analyzed. When the operating pressure reaches 30 kPa, the discharge energy calculated from the Charge–Voltage(Q–V) Lissajous figure increases significantly, while the effective capacitance decreases remarkably. As the duty cycle of the applied voltage increases, the voltage–current waveforms, the area of Q–V loop and the capacity show no distinct changes. Below 40 W, effective capacitance increases with the increase of load power, but it almost remains unchanged when load power is between 40 W and 95 W. The relative intensity I_(391.4)~peak/I_(380.5)~peak changes little as the operating pressure varies from 4 kPa to 100 kPa, while it rises evidently with the pressure below 4 kPa, which indicates that the RF discharge mode shifts from filamentary discharge to glow discharge at around 4 kPa. With the increase of load power, the relative intensity I_(391.4)~peak/I_(380.5)~peak rises evidently. Additionally, the relative intensity I_(371.1)~peak/I_(380.5)~peak is insensitive to the pressure,the duty cycle, and the load power.     

Electric and plasma characteristics of RF discharge plasma actuation under varying pressures

The electric and plasma characteristics of RF discharge plasma actuation under varying pressure have been investigated experimentally. As the pressure increases, the shapes of charge–voltage Lissajous curves vary, and the discharge energy increases. The emission spectra show significant difference as the pressure varies. When the pressure is 1000 Pa,the electron temperature is estimated to be 4.139 e V, the electron density and the vibrational temperature of plasma are peak4.71×10~(11)cm~(-3) and 1.27 e V, respectively. The ratio of spectral lines I391.4/peak I380.5which describes the electron temperature hardly changes when the pressure varies between 5000–30000 Pa, while it increases remarkably with the pressure below 5000 Pa, indicating a transition from filamentary discharge to glow discharge. The characteristics of emission spectrum are obviously influenced by the loading power. With more loading power, both of the illumination and emission spectrum intensity increase at 10000 Pa. The pin–pin electrode RF discharge is arc-like at power higher than 33 W, which results in a macroscopic air temperature increase.     

Experimental investigation of nanosecond discharge plasma aerodynamic actuation

In this paper we report on an experimental study of the characteristics of nanosecond pulsed discharge plasma aerodynamic actuation. The N 2 (C 3 Π u ) rotational and vibrational temperatures are around 430 K and 0.24 eV, respectively. The emission intensity ratio between the first negative system and the second positive system of N 2 , as a rough indicator of the temporally and spatially averaged electron energy, has a minor dependence on applied voltage amplitude. The induced flow direction is not parallel, but vertical to the dielectric layer surface, as shown by measurements of body force, velocity, and vorticity. Nanosecond discharge plasma aerodynamic actuation is effective in airfoil flow separation control at freestream speeds up to 100 m/s.     

不同压力下介质阻挡放电等离子体诱导流场演化的实验研究

采用粒子图像测速技术, 获得了不同环境压力下介质阻挡放电等离子体诱导流场启动涡随时间的演化规律和诱导流场分布的变化规律. 实验表明: 不同环境压力下, 诱导流场都会出现启动涡, 压力较高, 启动涡逐渐向右即向植入电极一侧扩散并最终消失, 扩散速度随时间递减, 压力较小, 诱导漩涡不会随放电时间的增大而消失; 环境压力减小, 等离子体诱导流场的启动时间减小, 诱导流场的法向分量增强、横向分量减弱, 诱导流线形状的变化规律是:L→U→V, L 型流线没有诱导漩涡, U 型流线有两个诱导旋涡, 分别分布在U 型凹槽和右侧, V 型流线有一个诱导漩涡, 分布在V 中间. 关键词： 介质阻挡放电 诱导流场 启动涡 演化     

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通过测量大气压介质阻挡放电等离子体辐射信号,建立偶极子辐射模型,利用快速傅立叶变换,计算了大气压介质阻挡放电等离子体中离子速度分布。计算结果表明,速度分布偏离麦克斯韦分布,并且随着放电过程的进行,离子速度及相对离子数进行有规律的变化。     

大气压介质阻挡射流放电离子速度分布的测量

通过测量大气压介质阻挡放电等离子体辐射信号,建立偶极子辐射模型,利用快速傅立叶变换,计算了大气压介质阻挡放电等离子体中离子速度分布。计算结果表明,速度分布偏离麦克斯韦分布,并且随着放电过程的进行,离子速度及相对离子数进行有规律的变化。     

Wind tunnel experiments on flow separation control of an Unmanned Air Vehicle by nanosecond discharge plasma aerodynamic actuation

Plasma flow control(PFC) is a new kind of active flow control technology, which can improve the aerodynamic performances of aircrafts remarkably. The flow separation control of an unmanned air vehicle(UAV) by nanosecond discharge plasma aerodynamic actuation(NDPAA) is investigated experimentally in this paper. Experimental results show that the applied voltages for both the nanosecond discharge and the millisecond discharge are nearly the same, but the current for nanosecond discharge(30 A) is much bigger than that for millisecond discharge(0.1 A). The flow field induced by the NDPAA is similar to a shock wave upward, and has a maximal velocity of less than 0.5 m/s. Fast heating effect for nanosecond discharge induces shock waves in the quiescent air. The lasting time of the shock waves is about 80 μs and its spread velocity is nearly 380 m/s. By using the NDPAA, the flow separation on the suction side of the UAV can be totally suppressed and the critical stall angle of attack increases from 20° to 27° with a maximal lift coefficient increment of 11.24%. The flow separation can be suppressed when the discharge voltage is larger than the threshold value, and the optimum operation frequency for the NDPAA is the one which makes the Strouhal number equal one. The NDPAA is more effective than the millisecond discharge plasma aerodynamic actuation(MDPAA) in boundary layer flow control. The main mechanism for nanosecond discharge is shock effect. Shock effect is more effective in flow control than momentum effect in high speed flow control.     

纳秒脉冲表面介质阻挡等离子体激励唯象学仿真

结合NS-DBD实验数据和理论分析, 建立NS-DBD单区非均匀唯象学模型, 旨在通过合理的模型进行流动控制仿真, 揭示流动控制机理. 在平板无来流时, 运用单区非均匀唯象学模型, 通过引入涡量输运方程, 求解涡量方程各项, 分析展向涡形成机理. 展向涡主要是由压力升诱导激励区压力梯度和密度梯度的不正交性产生的, 其次是激励区附近流场的对流引起的涡量转移. 圆柱上的激励仿真得到与实验一致的压缩波结构和冲击波位置, 验证了模型合理性. NACA 0015翼型大迎角分离控制的仿真表明, 激励诱导展向涡促使主流和分离流相互作用, 使分离点移向下游; 脉冲激励频率通过诱导展向涡的数量对流动分离产生不同的作用效果, 本文最佳的无量纲激励频率为6.     

多相等离子体气动激励流动特性

等离子体激励器电极组相位不同便产生多相等离子体气动激励,建立了粒子图像测速仪流场参数测试系统,利用粒子图像测速仪技术,研究了非对称布局等离子体气动激励诱导空气流动特性,分析了多相等离子体气动激励对诱导空气流动速度的影响。结果表明：粒子图像测速仪流场测试系统能够准确地反映等离子体气动激励诱导空气流动的流场空间结构,等离子体气动激励诱导空气流动是平行于激励器的近壁面射流,多相等离子体气动激励能够增大等离子体气动激励诱导气流速度,或者使等离子体气动激励影响流场区域增大。粒子图像测速仪系统是深入研究等离子体气动激励的流场结构最佳的方式之一。     

大气压氖气介质阻挡放电脉冲等离子射流特性

采用自行研制的低造价、小体积、可产生幅值0~35 kV、重复频率1 kHz的高压s脉冲电源,设计了一套以大气压氖气为工作气体的介质阻挡放电（DBD）等离子体射流源,通过测量并计算放电过程中的电压-电流波形、拍摄放电图像、光谱分析等手段,对电压幅值、气体流速对氖气等离子体射流特性的影响进行了研究。结果表明：s脉冲电源激励下大气压氖气DBD能产生锥状的等离子射流且其等离子强度适中;s脉冲电源电压幅值的快速上升,可在放电空间瞬间施加高的过电压,能有效促进放电功率、电子密度、电子激发温度和射流长度的增加;工作气体流速的增加使得放电功率、电子激发温度和电子密度减小,而射流长度变化很小;一定条件下,能形成长距离的射流。     

发射光谱法测量常压介质阻挡放电氩等离子体的放电参数

介绍发射光谱法测量常压介质阻挡氩等离子体的放电参数的方法,通过常压介质阻挡放电氩等离子体的光谱图,测量和计算了等离子体的电子温度和电子浓度.     

大气压氖气介质阻挡放电脉冲等离子射流特性

采用自行研制的低造价、小体积、可产生幅值0~35 kV、重复频率1 kHz的高压s脉冲电源,设计了一套以大气压氖气为工作气体的介质阻挡放电（DBD）等离子体射流源,通过测量并计算放电过程中的电压-电流波形、拍摄放电图像、光谱分析等手段,对电压幅值、气体流速对氖气等离子体射流特性的影响进行了研究。结果表明:s脉冲电源激励下大气压氖气DBD能产生锥状的等离子射流且其等离子强度适中;s脉冲电源电压幅值的快速上升,可在放电空间瞬间施加高的过电压,能有效促进放电功率、电子密度、电子激发温度和射流长度的增加;工作气体流速的增加使得放电功率、电子激发温度和电子密度减小,而射流长度变化很小;一定条件下,能形成长距离的射流。     

大气压Ar射频容性放电模式转变的温度表征

在大气压条件下Ar气流中实现了容性射频放电α和γ两种模式及其转变与共存.由于放电处于开放大气环境中,放电发射光谱中清晰地存在 N₂C³Π_u→Β³Π_g跃迁产生的第二正带和OH自由基 Α²Σ→Χ²Π跃迁的(0,0)带光谱.为了获得放电区域的宏观温度,针对氮的第二正带(0,1),(1,2)两个谱带,自编了拟合程序,用温度拟合方法获得了氮分子的转动温度和振动温度,研究了转动温度随放电功率的变化趋势,得到了温度突变与放电模式转变的相关性.利用Lifbase的发射光谱模拟功能,进行了OH自由基Α²Σ→Χ²Π(0,0)带光谱的模拟,通过与实验光谱对比,得到了与N₂光谱拟合结果相符的OH转动温度,以及相似的随放电功率的变化趋势,这说明放电空间内的中性物种达到了热平衡状态.根据放电伏安特性变化,放电模式转变对应的转动温度变化趋势得到确认,并且与放电形态的照片符合. 关键词： 大气压等离子体 放电模式 转动温度     

Numerical study on characteristics of nitrogen discharge at high pressure with induced plasma

Based on the fluid theory of plasma, a model is built to study the characteristics of nitrogen discharge at high pressure with induced argon plasma. In the model, the spices such as electron, N₂⁺, N₄⁺, Ar⁺, and two metastable states (N₂ (A³∑_u⁺), N₂ (a¹∑_u^-)) are taken into account. The model includes particle's continuity equations, electron's energy balance equation, and Poisson equation. The model is solved with a finite difference method. The numerical results are obtained and used to investigate the effect of time taken to add nitrogen gas and initially-induced argon plasma pressure. It is found that lower speeds of adding the nitrogen gas and varying the gas pressure can induce higher plasma density, and inversely lower electron temperature. At high-pressure discharge, the electron density increases when the proportion of nitrogen component is below 40%, while the electron density will keep constant as the nitrogen component further increases. It is also shown that with the increase of initially-induced argon plasma pressure, the density of charged particles increases, and the electron temperature as well as the electric field decrease.     

Concentric-ring structures in an atmospheric pressure helium dielectric barrier discharge

This paper performs a numerical simulation of concentric-ring discharge structures within the scope of a two-dimensional diffusion--drift model at atmospheric pressure between two parallel circular electrodes covered with thin dielectric layers. With a relative high frequency the discharge structures present different appearances of ring structures within different radii in time due to the evolvement of the filaments. The spontaneous electron density distributions help understanding the formation and development of self-organized discharge structures. During a cycle the electron avalanches are triggered by the electric field strengthened by the feeding voltage and the residual charged particles on the barrier surface deposited in the previous discharges. The accumulation of charges is shown to play a dominant role in the generation and annihilation of the discharge structures. Besides, the rings split and unify to bring and annihilate rings which form a new discharge structure.     

Diagnostic of capacitively coupled radio frequency plasma by homogeneous discharge model

In this Letter, a plasma diagnostic technique is reported to evaluate the plasma parameters of capacitively coupled radio frequency argon plasma on the basis of homogeneous discharge model. The technique is implemented for wide range of operating pressure ranging from few mTorrs to atmospheric pressure. Considerable dependence of plasma parameters on the plasma series resonance effect and the drift velocity of the electron for low pressure plasma and on the ion density for atmospheric pressure plasma jet were observed.     

等离子体气动激励机理数值研究

基于介质阻挡与准直流电弧放电的物理过程, 分析了它们的气动激励机理, 建立了各自的气动激励模型, 并分别研究了它们对低速和超声速流动的激励效果. 结果显示: 介质挡板放电等离子体气动激励机理是改变了连续流体中的三种力, 即由牛顿内摩擦引起的剪切应力、由电动力学引起的体积力及由压力突变引起的冲击力, 其中基于电动力学的体积力效应占主导地位; 临近空间环境中体积力的作用效果更强, 诱导速度更大; 超声速来流下准直流电弧放电气动激励机理主要是等离子体的热阻塞效应, 本文所建立的爆炸丝传热模型可以用于仿真其控制激波的过程; 热电弧对于超声速来流而言就像一个具有一定斜坡角度的虚拟突起, 可用于高超声速飞行器前体激波的控制.     

常压介质阻挡放电间隙的选择及其在材料表面改性中的应用

使用自制介质阻挡放电装置，分析了常压等离子体放电电流和放电功率与放电间隙的变化关系，提出了“放电临界间隙”的概念，并应用该装置对PBT熔喷非织造布进行表面改性，讨论了放电间隙和放电气体等因素对改性效果的影响．     

大气压氩气介质阻挡辉光放电的一维仿真研究

为了研究氩气(Ar)中介质阻挡大气压辉光放电(APGD)的放电机理, 通过建立一个一维的多粒子自洽耦合流体模型, 采用有限元方法进行数值计算, 得到了气体间隙压降、介质表面电荷密度、放电电流密度随时间的周期变化波形, 以及电子、离子、亚稳态粒子密度和空间电场强度的时空分布. 仿真计算结果表明：介质表面积聚的电荷对于放电的过程的起始及熄灭具有重要作用;当增大外施电压时, 放电击穿时刻提前, 放电电流密度和介质表面电荷密度峰值增大, 表明放电过程更加剧烈;随着阻挡介质相对介电常数的增大, 放电电流密度也随之增大. 各粒子密度及电场的时空分布表明放电过程在外施电压半个周期中只有一次放电, 且存在明显的阴极位降区、负辉区、等离子体正柱区等辉光放电的典型区域, 为大气压辉光放电(APGD).     

一种新型大气压毛细管介质阻挡放电冷等离子体射流技术

介绍一种结构设计简单、操作运行方便的新型毫米量级大气压冷等离子体射流发生技术.这种射流可以在大气压条件下，利用多种工作气体(如Ar,He,N₂)，通过毛细管介质阻挡放电(DBD)的方式实现.使用频率为33kHz，峰值电压为1—12kV的双向脉冲电源，利用Ar,He,N₂等工作气体，在毛细管内形成了稳定的冷等离子体射流.放电区域的光辐射空间分布利用商用CCD摄像机记录，从中研究放电形态和空间分布，观察到了在DBD区域的流动气体放电和在毛细管出口处形成的等离子体射流 关键词： 冷等离子体射流 毛细管介质阻挡放电 射流射程 射流激发温度