弱束缚弹核引起的熔合反应

⁶Li, ⁹Be为弱束缚核. 通过弱束缚弹核⁶Li, ⁹Be轰击靶²⁰⁸Pb,²⁰⁸Be的实验熔合激发函数与理论预言的比较, 讨论了弱束缚弹核破裂对熔合过程 的影响. 比较结果显示, 弱束缚弹核与重靶核的完全熔合截面在垒上能区 明显压低. 由部分熔合截面与完全熔合截面之和得到总熔合截面. 研究结果 表明, 破裂对总熔合截面几乎没有影响. 由此可见, 弱束缚核的部分熔合 可能发生在强吸收区域附近. 最后还给出了全熔合截面与部分熔合截面 之间的关系.     

污泥内层和外层胞外聚合物的三维荧光光谱特性研究

运用三维荧光光谱技术对污泥LB-EPS和TB-EPS的荧光特性进行了研究.实验结果表明,在污泥LB-EPS和TB-EPS中都有三个明显的荧光峰,分别为Peak B(λex/λem=270～280 nm/345～360 nm),Peak C(λex/λem=330～340 nm/410～430 am)和Peak D(λex/λem=390 nm/450～470 nm).其中Peak B为类蛋白荧光(Protein-like)、Peak C为可见区类富里酸荧光(Visible fulvic-like)、Peak D为类腐殖酸荧光(Humic-like).从各荧光峰的荧光强度来分析,LB-EPS和TB-EPS中的主要成分都为类蛋白,然后依次为富里酸和腐殖酸.浓度和pH值对污泥LB-EPS和TB-EPS的三维荧光特性都有很大的影响,但影响程度略有区别,表明作为外层的胞外聚合物,LB-EPS表现出与TB-EPS不全相同的化学结构.     

低能重离子诱导反应中轻带电粒子和蒸发剩余物的能谱(英文)

在多源理想气体模型的框架内, 用一个关于末态粒子多重数分布的统一描述, 研究了低能重离子诱导反应中轻带电粒子和蒸发剩余物的能谱。 在同一个激发的复合核中, 每个源对带电粒子和蒸发剩余物均贡献一个指数分布的能谱。 计算结果与158, 170, 180 和 200 MeV 20Ne+12C 反应中, 轻带电粒子和蒸发剩余物能谱的实验结果符合。     

13.5-14.6MeV能区中子引起的铂同位素核反应截面测量

用活化法以93Nb(n，2n)92mNb和27Al(n，a)24Na反应截面为中子注量标准，对198Pt(n，2n)197m+gPt，198Pt(n， 2n)197mPt， 192Pt(n，2n)191Pt，194Pt(n，p)194Ir，195Pt(n，p)195mIr和 196Pt(n，p)196mIr反应截面进行了测量，由(13.5±0.2)，(14.1±0.1)和(14.6±0.2)MeV中子引起的198Pt(n，2n)197m+gPt反应截面分别为(2038±159)，(1919±73)和(1836±68)mb，198Pt(n，2n)197mPt反应截面为(974±37)，(1055±39)和(1042±39)mb；由(14.1±0.1)，(14.4±0.2)和(14.6±0.2)MeV中子引起的192Pt(n，2n)191Pt反应截面为(1680±103)，(1810±67)和(2047±97)mb；由(14.1±0.1) 和(14.4±0.2)MeV中子引起的194Pt(n，p)194Ir反应截面为(3.8±0.4)和(5.4±0.5)mb；由(14.1±0.1)，(14.4±0.2)MeV和(14.6±0.2)MeV中子引起的195Pt(n，p)195mIr反应截面为(1.0±0.2)，(1.6±0.2)和(1.8±0.2)mb；由(13.5±0.2)和(14.4±0.2)MeV中子引起的196Pt(n，p)196mIr反应截面分别为(1.13±0.07)和(1.18±0.06)mb. 本工作的数据和其他一些作者的数据进行了比较.     

Disentangling the Effects of Thickness of the Neutron Skin and Symmetry Potential in Nucleon Induced Reactions on Sn Isotopes

The effects of density dependence of symmetry energy and the thickness of the neutron skin in proton （neutron） induced reactions on Sn isotopes are investigated by means of the improved molecular dynamics model. The investigation shows that the target size dependence of the reaction cross sections for proton induced reactions on Sn isotopes is sensitive to the density dependence of the symmetry energy and less sensitive to the thickness of the neutron skin of the target nuclei, but that, for neutron induced reactions on Sn isotopes, it is less sensitive to the density dependence of the symmetry energy and sensitive to the thickness of the neutron skin of the target nucleus.     

氩-氮混合气电感耦合等离子体在元素和同位素分析中的应用进展

在传统Ar等离子体中引入其他活性气体(如氮气等)已经成为拓展其分析性能的一种重要手段。本文较系统的阐述了Ar-N₂混合气体电感耦合等离子体的基本物理化学性质,从N₂气引入引起传统Ar-ICP基本物理化学参数变化的层面出发探讨了Ar-N₂混合气等离子体特殊性质产生的机制,回顾了Ar-N₂混合气电感耦合等离子体在质谱分析中近40年的应用成果,并且展望了该技术在未来元素和同位素分析领域的应用前景。     

基于激光诱导击穿光谱的大米Cr元素检测

激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)是一种元素快速分析的光学检测技术.在工业化发展进程中,重金属污染时刻威胁着大米等粮食作物生产地的安全性.以四川地区常见的Cr元素污染为例,采用双脉冲LIBS技术对市面上购买的五种地区大米中的Cr元素进行定量分析,并与电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)检测结果进行对比.结果显示LIBS测量误差满足相对误差标准,证明了LIBS方法具有对元素进行快速定量分析的能力,是检测大米重金属元素含量的一种有效手段.     

普铝中Fe,Si元素的激光诱导击穿光谱测试条件及定量分析研究

为推广LIBS技术在电解铝行业中的应用,充分发挥其快速、免制样、多元素同时检测的优势。利用激光诱导击穿光谱技术首次对铝电解生产得到的普铝中Fe和Si元素进行测试研究,探索了合理的实验参数条件,在合理的实验条件基础上建立定标曲线并对普铝中Fe和Si元素进行定量分析,结合国标GB/T 7999-2015《铝及铝合金光电直读发射光谱分析方法》考察LIBS测试结果的准确性。以Nd∶YAG脉冲激光器基频1 064 nm激光作为光源激发等离子体,采用多通道光栅光谱仪和ICCD检测器检测、记录光谱信息。首先探测了LIBS光谱谱线,并对谱线进行了归属;综合分析,选取AlⅠ 266.04 nm,SiⅠ 288.15 nm与FeⅠ 259.92 nm作为分析谱线用于定量分析研究。分别研究了触发延迟时间、1Q延迟时间、激光器设定电压对光谱信号强度及信噪比SNR的影响。实验结果表明,触发延迟时间4 μs、1Q延迟时间170～190 μs、激光器设定电压560 V对于Si与Fe元素定量测试分析而言是较为合理的实验参数。根据谱线强度与元素浓度的关系,采用内标法建立了定标曲线,Si与Fe元素定标曲线中相关系数分别为0.919 72与0.952 11,其相对标准偏差（RSD）分别为7.25%与6.34%,说明谱线强度与元素浓度具有良好的线性关系,并基于此模型对12个样品进行了定量测试分析。将测试结果与光电直读发射光谱测得的结果进行比对,结果表明,Fe含量的相对误差绝对值在0~17.3%之间,Si含量相对误差绝对值在0~14.3%之间。依照国标GB/T 7999-2015《铝及铝合金光电直读发射光谱分析方法》中规定的实验室之间分析结果相对误差≤17%的规定,12个测试样品中,试样Si含量测试100%符合允许差要求,试样Fe含量测试91.7%符合允许差要求。该实验结果表明,LIBS技术在电解铝普铝Fe和Si元素检测中具有一定的推广利用价值。     

水稻种子萌发期高压诱导的SSH-cDNA文库构建与分析

 为了研究高压处理对高等植物基因表达的影响,以萌发过程中经高压处理后的水稻种子的mRNA作为检测子（Tester）,以对照样品的mRNA作为驱动子（Driver）,采用抑制差减杂交（SSH）结合镜像选择技术（MOS）构建了高压处理后水稻种子萌发过程中诱导表达的差减cDNA文库,并通过蓝白斑筛选获得了580个重组克隆。菌液PCR检测的结果表明这些克隆中的插入片段的大小主要分布在200～1000 bp之间,平均大小约为575 bp,其中单一扩增条带的有效重组克隆数为542个,有效的重组克隆率为93.3%。对部分重组克隆进行测序发现,受高压诱导表达的基因主要涉及到代谢、胁迫响应、转录调控等方面。为高压处理后水稻种子基因表达模式变化的研究打下了基础。     

氯化汞染毒小鼠各脏器中汞和微量元素的测定及分析

本文研究了荧光光度法和原子吸收分光光度法测定氯化汞染毒小鼠各脏器中汞、钙、铁、锌、铜等金属浓度,结果显示染毒组小鼠多数脏器中上述金属浓度显著高于对照组,提示脏器中钙、铁、锌、铜等微量元素含量异常可能是氯化汞引起物重要因素之一。     

Analysis of Long-Term Optical Effects in Double-Coated Optical Fibers Induced by Hydrostatic Pressure and Thermal Loading

The hydrostatic pressure and thermal loading simultaneously induced optical effects in double-coated optical fibers in the long-term are analyzed by the viscoelastic theory. Using the Laplace transformation method, close-form solutions for the microbending loss and refractive index changes are obtained. The results of the microbending loss are initially identical to those obtained by the elastic analysis, and then decrease gradually as time progresses. The microbending loss and refractive index changes of the glass fiber are functions of the material properties of the primary and secondary coatings. To minimize the microbending loss and refractive index changes in the long-term, the Young's modulus of the primary coating, and the viscosity and Poisson's ratio of the secondary coating should be increased. Nevertheless, the viscosity and Poisson's ratio of the primary coating, and the Young's modulus of the secondary coating should be decreased.     

激光诱导击穿光谱烟叶Cu谱线等离子体参数及定量分析

农业领域中对植株元素的快速检测和实时监控十分重要。采用Nd∶YAG激光器和中阶梯ICCD光栅光谱仪获取金属元素Cu等离子体谱线。为研究激光诱导击穿光谱(laser induced break-down spectroscopy,LIBS)金属元素Cu定量分析的标定曲线和等离子体参数,制备Cu含量范围为8.59～156.35 μg·g-1烟叶样品进行实验。实验结果表明烟叶中金属元素Cu特征谱线324.75 nm处干扰小、谱线明显。烟叶样品受激发产生等离子体温度为39 458.94 K,Cu等离子体电子密度为0.74×1016,谱线强度和样品浓度建立的标定曲线相关系数r为0.98,平均相对标准偏差RSD(relative standard deviation)为2.59%,Cu含量理论最低检测限为7.72 μg·g-1,谱线信噪比(SNR)为7.86。激光诱导击穿光谱方法可以应用于卷烟生产线在线检测金属元素Cu含量和监测烟叶中金属元素Cu对烟草生长的影响。     

In- and Anti-transition of Firing Patterns Induced by Random Long-range Connections in Coupled Hindmarsh-Rose Neurons System

研究了在外界刺激电流的作用下,随机的长程关联对耦合的Hindmarsh-Rose神经元放电模式转变的影响．结果表明,当耦合强度较弱时,在神经元网络中加入一定数量的随机的长程关联,神经元的放电模式会从较少的周期态转变到较多的周期态;当耦合强度较强时,在神经元网络中加入一定数量的随机长程关联,神经元的放电模式会产生相反的转变,即从较多的周期态转变到较少的周期态．同时还简单讨论了神经系统的尺度大小和神经元之间的耦合强度,以及不同外界刺激条件下放电模式的强度与临界特性之间的关系．     

Global Analysis of Steady-State Energy Transfer Measurements in Membranes: Resolution of Structural and Binding Parameters

A method has been developed allowing structural and binding parameters to be recovered by global analysis of two-dimensional array of steady-state RET data in the special case where energy acceptors distribute between aqueous and lipid phases while donors are embedded in the membrane at a known depth. To test the validity of this approach, correlation and error analyses have been performed using simulated data. To exemplify the method application to the membrane studies, energy transfer from anthrylvinyl-labeled phosphatidylcholine incorporated into mixed phosphatidylcholine/cardiolipin unilamellar vesicles to heme group of cytochrome c is analyzed.     

Analysis of Energy Transfer and Concentration Quenching in Sm3+-Activated Borate GdB3O6 Phosphors by Means of Fluorescence Dynamics

This article reports on the optical properties of Sm³⁺-activated GdB₃O₆ phosphors based on the measurement of their photoluminescence spectra and luminescence decay curves. Energy transfer from Gd³⁺ to Sm³⁺ and the concentration quenching of the Sm³⁺ ion emission are investigated. From the photoluminescence spectra and decay curves, the energy transfer from Gd³⁺ to Sm³⁺ is confirmed. The concentration quenching of the Sm³⁺ ion emission can be ascribed to resonant cross-relaxation. The interaction between the Sm³⁺ ions is derived of the electric dipole–dipole type through fitting the data with the Inokuti-Hirayama model. The critical distances and energy transfer microparameter for the transfer processes are given. The decay curves of Sm³⁺⁴G_5/2 level exhibiting a buildup and decay process also confirm the energy transfer from Gd³⁺ to Sm³⁺ and between Sm³⁺ ions.     

红外光谱的陆生动物油脂中反刍动物成分鉴别分析

为有效应对违法掺加导致的饲料安全隐患,完善饲用油脂的高效检测手段,满足饲料质量安全的监管需求,以来源可靠的不同种属动物油脂为研究对象,通过在非反刍动物油脂中掺加不同比例（1%,5%,10%,20%,30%和40% W/W）的反刍动物油脂获得试验样品,首次系统应用傅里叶变换红外光谱结合化学计量学方法探讨了陆生动物油脂中掺加反刍成分的鉴别分析方法与模型。研究表明基于掺加比例1%～40%样品集,偏最小二乘判别分析模型正确判别率为100%,无假阳性和假阴性样品;进一步研究发现,基于陆生动物油脂中反刍成分低掺加比例0.1%～40%,0.2%～40%,0.4%～40%,0.6%～40%和0.8%～40%样品集,偏最小二乘判别分析模型的正确判别率均低于100%。且随着最低掺加比例的降低,假阳性与假阴性样品数明显增多,其正确判别率逐步降低。因此,陆生动物油脂中掺加反刍成分判别分析检量限约为1%;进一步通过脂肪酸组成与差异性分析、红外光谱特征波段和特征化学键对比分析探讨其判别分析机理。非反刍动物油脂光谱3 006 cm-1处吸收峰（代表=C-H(cis-)的拉伸振动）和914 cm-1处吸收峰（代表=HC=CH-(cis-)的弯曲振动）明显高于反刍动物油脂样品,主要表征了顺式脂肪酸和不饱和脂肪酸的显著差异。非反刍动物油脂光谱965 cm-1处吸收峰（代表-HC=CH-(trans-)的弯曲振动）明显低于反刍动物油脂样品,主要表征了反式脂肪酸和饱和脂肪酸的显著差异。掺加比例为1%的混合样品中反式C=C键含量显著高于其他低掺加比例的样品,而不同掺加比例样品的顺式C=C键含量和C-H(-CH₂-)键含量均无显著性差异。因此,基于红外光谱的陆生动物油脂中反刍动物成分鉴别分析主要是基于反式C=C键结构的信息表征。综上所述,红外光谱可作为一种兼顾检测效率与检测精度的技术应用于陆生动物油脂中反刍成分的鉴别分析。     

Analysis of fluorescence quenching of pyronin B and pyronin Y by molecular oxygen in aqueous solution

The fluorescence quenching of pyronin B and pyronin Y molecules by molecular oxygen in aqueous solution was studied by using steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy techniques. In order to understand the quenching mechanism, fluorescence decays, absorption and fluorescence spectra of the probes were recorded as a function of the oxygen concentration and temperature. The quenching was found to be appreciable and shows positive deviation in the Stern-Volmer representation obtained from the fluorescence intensity ratio. Fluorescence quenching constants (k_q) were calculated from the τ_o/τ vs. [Q] plots having linear correlation and compared with calculated diffusion-controlled rate constants (k_diff) values. Experimental results were in good agreement with the simultaneous dynamic and static quenching model.     

Propagation of travelling waves in sub-excitable systems driven by noise and periodic forcing

It has been reported that traveling waves propagate periodically and stably in sub-excitable systems driven by noise [Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 138301 (2002)]. As a further investigation, here we observe different types of traveling waves under different noises and periodic forces, using a simplified Oregonator model. Depending on different noises and periodic forces, we have observed different types of wave propagation (or their disappearance). Moreover, reversal phenomena are observed in this system based on the numerical experiments in the one-dimensional space. We explain this as an effect of periodic forces. Thus, we give qualitative explanations for how stable reversal phenomena appear, which seem to arise from the mixing function of the periodic force and the noise. The output period and three velocities (normal, positive and negative) of the travelling waves are defined and their relationship with the periodic forces, along with the types of waves, are also studied in sub-excitable system under a fixed noise intensity. Electronic supplementary material Supplementary Online Material