多指标面板数据融合聚类分析

针对多指标面板数据的样品分类和历史时期划分问题,从多元统计分析理论角度提出一个多指标面板数据的融合聚类分析方法。该方法改进了多指标面板数据的因子分析和系统聚类方法,依据Fisher有序聚类理论,构造了Frobenius范数形式的离差平方和函数,提出了多指标面板数据的有序聚类方法。实证结果表明,该方法能够满足系统分析的统一性要求,保证指标之间的不相关;能够克服时间维度上均值处理造成的偏误,信息损失较少;能够解决面板数据有序聚类的问题;弥补了单一分析的片面性和局限性。     

基于多维面板数据的聚类方法探析及实证研究

面板数据由于能够从截面和时间构成的二维空间来描述研究对象的动态特征而被广泛应用于经济问题的建模实践中。本文借鉴多元统计学中主成分分析方法对面板数据进行降维处理,然后通过构建综合评价函数序列矩阵的相似指标对面板数据进行聚类分析,并提出一些研究面板数据亲疏关系的有效途径,最后运用该算法对我国地区科技能力进行实证分析,结果与实际状况较为吻合.     

多指标面板数据聚类方法及应用——以行业一次能源消费面板数据为例

综合考虑面板数据多指标中因变量指标特征及其与自变量指标的相关关系,通过定义因变量自协方差及自变量与因变量协方差以构建面板数据相似及相关性测度距离函数,在引入自组织竞争网络算法的基础之上,提出了多指标面板数据聚类的方法.以我国1996-2008年44个行业煤炭、天然气、电力消耗量及国际石油价格面板数据进行实际应用,验证了新方法聚类结果更为显著的优点。     

多指标面板数据因子分析的分层模型及应用

针对多指标面板数据的公因子提取及评价问题,提出一种充分挖掘面板数据时间序列价值的分层因子模型.模型在底层上通过对各个时点上截面数据指标变量的精炼实现对截面样本数据的评价,将截面数据压缩成只具有时间维度的样本评价值向量;模型顶层进一步实现了对由各个截面样本评价值向量形成的综合评价矩阵时间维度的精炼,并推导出面板数据因子得分公式及评价函数.最后,运用模型方法对我国大陆31个省市国有及规模以上非国有企业生产及经营状态面板数据进行了因子分析,分析结果显示了方法的合理性.分层模型实现了对面板数据各样本的指标维度与时间维度的双重提炼,弥补了现有方法的片面性与局限性.     

基于标度理论的股指时间序列相似性分析

股指时间序列的相似性分析是当前金融学研究的热点之一。为了提高股指时间序列相似性分析的准确度,从标度不变性、多重分形及波动聚集性三个层面定义了标度理论的度量指标,并基于此对股指序列进行表示。将分割后的每一序列子区间看作时间点,则分割、表示后的不同股指序列构成一个多指标的面板数据。基于面板数据特征及指标相对重要性,提出了一种新型的多指标面板数据相似性度量函数——复合距离函数,用以度量股指时间序列的相似性。聚类结果表明,相较于其他两种方法,基于标度理论和复合距离函数的相似性度量方法能够显著提高相似性度量的准确度,同时具有较强的稳健性。     

函数型聚类分析方法研究

基于距离度量的函数型数据聚类是目前函数型聚类分析方法的主要研究方向之一,而该方法主要是基于数值距离或曲线形态的单一角度来衡量函数型数据的相似性.为了解决这种单一性,提出一种同时兼顾函数型数据的数值距离和曲线形态的相似性度量方法—基于极值点偏差补偿的相似性度量,并给出实证分析,结果显示该方法比较有效.进一步提出一种多元函数型聚类分析方法—函数型熵权法,丰富了函数型聚类分析方法.     

南四湖人湖河流水质面板数据分析的灰色速率模型

针对面板数据灰色关联决策评价模型的关联度计算问题,在传统的面板数据灰色关联决策评价模型的基础上,构建评价对象的指标时间数据的累加序列,通过指标时间累加生成速率序列构造面板数据灰色生成速率关联决策模型,采用生成速率序列的接近性表征原始数据序列的动态变化趋势.通过灰色累加生成速率关联决策方法扩展到面板数据分析,解决了小样本面板数据的灰色评价分析问题,将这种方法应用于南四湖入湖河流水质面板数据质量评价中,经实例计算验证了面板数据灰色累加生成速率关联决策评价模型的稳定性、合理性和实用性为水环境面板数据质量分析评价提供了可行的计算思路和方法.     

基于灰色投影面积关联度的面板数据聚类方法及应用

为拓展灰色关联分析在面板数据中的应用,针对面板数据的三维特征,将面板数据转化为空间网格.然后基于二维灰色投影关联度,利用空间网格在时间和对象平面上的投影面积,定义了三维灰色投影面积关联度模型.为了解决因为维度不同而导致的关联度差异过大问题,引入灰色聚类检验模型,给出了三维灰色投影面积关联度的面板聚类步骤.最后通过对珠三角四市的空气质量问题的聚类分析,结果表明各类别的差异明显,层次划分清楚,证实了该方法的有效性和实用性.     

碳排放问题面板数据曲线的棱镜模型聚类分析

采用类比方法构建出一种面板数据曲线的棱镜模型,把时间横坐标与经济问题纵坐标加以角度化变换,选取恰当的经济变量作为棱镜的折射率和顶角,可将面板数据曲线用棱镜曲线进行再描绘.在碳排放问题上,列举大量的面板数据曲线作为具有棱镜曲线形状的证据,并给出聚类分析,解决了棱镜模型的应用问题,得出了存在经济折射定律的观点结论,从而为应用经济学研究提供一种全新视角的分析工具.     

智能信息处理的多指标面板数据聚类方法及其应用

为提高具有先验知识样本的学习效率,本文在吸引子传播聚类模型基础上,引入半监督学习策略,并综合考虑样本动态信息变化,融合多指标面板数据,提出智能信息处理的多指标面板数据聚类模型。选取30家房地产业上市公司2009-2013年相关财务数据,利用此模型进行聚类和绩效评价分析。结果表明,智能信息处理的多指标面板数据聚类模型能更加有效地区分样本类别特征,可为上市公司绩效评价、金融管理与决策提供一个更加有效的方法和手段。     

厚尾分布的极值分位数估计与极值风险测度研究

金融数据呈现的厚尾性已达成共识.本文中,我们基于指数回归模型构造了厚尾分布的极值分位数估计,从而得到了VaR的估计公式.作为一个应用,我们得到了上海上证指数和深圳成份指数的VaR的估计值.     

在险风险值估计方法的比较研究

金融数据呈现的厚尾性已达成共识。本文首先基于指数回归模型提出了一种厚尾分布的极值分位数估计方法,得到了在险风险值的估计公式。然后得到了上海上证指数、国债指数和企业债券指数的在险风险值的估计值,比较了他们的极值风险.     

Nonparametric estimation of operational value-at-risk (OpVaR)

This paper introduces nonparametric methods for estimating 99.9% operational value-at-risk (OpVaR) and its confidence interval (CI), and demonstrates their applications to US business losses. An attractive feature of these new methods is that there is no need to estimate either the entire heavy-tailed loss distribution or the tail region of the distribution. Furthermore, we provide algorithms that facilitate applied researchers and practitioners in risk management area to implement the sophisticated empirical likelihood ratio (ELR) based methodologies to construct the CI of the true underlying 99.9% OpVaR. In a simulation study, we find that the weighted ELR (WELR) CI estimator is more reliable than the ELR CI estimator. The empirical results show that the nonparametric OpVaR estimates are consistently larger than those of other comparable methods, which provide adequate regulatory capitals, particularly during crises. The findings have implications for regulators, and effective and efficient risk financing.     

Deviation inequalities for an estimator of the conditional value-at-risk

In this paper, we present a deviation inequality for a common estimator of the conditional value-at-risk for bounded random variables. The result improves a deviation inequality which is obtained by Brown [D.B. Brown, Large deviations bounds for estimating conditional value-at-risk, Operations Research Letters 35 (2007) 722-730].     

Stochastic models for risk estimation in volatile markets: a survey

Portfolio risk estimation in volatile markets requires employing fat-tailed models for financial returns combined with copula functions to capture asymmetries in dependence and an appropriate downside risk measure. In this survey, we discuss how these three essential components can be combined together in a Monte Carlo based framework for risk estimation and risk capital allocation with the average value-at-risk measure (AVaR). AVaR is the average loss provided that the loss is larger than a predefined value-at-risk level. We consider in some detail the AVaR calculation and estimation and investigate the stochastic stability.     

双相依结构下离散时间风险模型的破产概率渐近估计及数值模拟

本文研究了具有双相依结构及重尾索赔噪声项的离散时间风险模型的有限时间破产概率.在该模型中,索赔额服从具有独立同分布噪声项的单边线性过程;保险公司的风险投资和无风险投资导致的随机折现因子与单边线性过程的噪声项相依.保险公司单期保费收入是恒定的常数,当单边线性过程的噪声项服从重尾分布时,本文得到离散时间风险模型有限时间破产...     

Recent Developments in Robust Portfolios with a Worst-Case Approach

Robust models have a major role in portfolio optimization for resolving the sensitivity issue of the classical mean–variance model. In this paper, we survey developments of worst-case optimization while focusing on approaches for constructing robust portfolios. In addition to the robust formulations for the Markowitz model, we review work on deriving robust counterparts for value-at-risk and conditional value-at-risk problems as well as methods for combining uncertainty in factor models. Recent findings on properties of robust portfolios are introduced, and we conclude by presenting our thoughts on future research directions.     

Time Consistent Dynamic Risk Measures

We introduce the time-consistency concept that is inspired by the so-called “principle of optimality” of dynamic programming and demonstrate – via an example – that the conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) need not be time-consistent in a multi-stage case. Then, we give the formulation of the target-percentile risk measure which is time-consistent and hence more suitable in the multi-stage investment context. Finally, we also generalize the value-at-risk and CVaR to multi-stage risk measures based on the theory and structure of the target-percentile risk measure.     

Smooth sample average approximation of stationary points in nonsmooth stochastic optimization and applications

Inspired by a recent work by Alexander et al. (J Bank Finance 30:583–605, 2006) which proposes a smoothing method to deal with nonsmoothness in a conditional value-at-risk problem, we consider a smoothing scheme for a general class of nonsmooth stochastic problems. Assuming that a smoothed problem is solved by a sample average approximation method, we investigate the convergence of stationary points of the smoothed sample average approximation problem as sample size increases and show that w.p.1 accumulation points of the stationary points of the approximation problem are weak stationary points of their counterparts of the true problem. Moreover, under some metric regularity conditions, we obtain an error bound on approximate stationary points. The convergence result is applied to a conditional value-at-risk problem and an inventory control problem.      

Estimating the distortion parameter of the proportional hazards premium for heavy-tailed losses under Lévy-stable regime

Estimating the distorted parameter in the case of non negative heavy-tailed losses has been treated in Brahimi et al. (2011). In this paper, we extend this work to the case of the real heavy-tailed losses. We derive an asymptotic distribution of the estimator. We construct a practically implemented confidence interval for the distortion parameter and illustrate the performance of the interval in a simulation study with application to real data.