Highly efficient fiber-to-chip evanescent coupling based on subwavelength-diameter optical fibers

A novel, compact, and highly efficient fiber-to-chip evanescent coupling structure is proposed based on a subwavelength-diameter fiber. The coupling structure is characterized by a large misalignment tolerance and easy fabrication. The dependence of coupling efficiency on various parameters is calculated and analyzed. The simulation results show that a coupling efficiency as high as 95% can be obtained within a coupling length of <4 μm.     

Field enhancement and power distribution characteristics of subwavelength-diameter terahertz hollow optical fiber

Fields in subwavelength-diameter terahertz hollow optical fiber (STHOF) can be intensified by large discontinuity of the electric field at high index contrast interfaces. The influences of fiber geometry and refractive index of the dielectric region on the fiber characteristics, such as power distribution, enhancement factor, have been discussed in detail. By appropriate design, the intensity in the central region of STHOF may be enhanced by a factor of greater than 1.5 compared with subwavelength-diameter terahertz fiber without the central hole and the loss can be reduced. For its compact structure and simple fabrication process, the fiber may be very useful in many miniaturized high performance and novel terahertz photonic devices.     

A rigorous analysis of the power distribution in plastic clad annular core optical fibers

Using Maxwell's field equations, an analytical investigation is presented of the relative power distributions in the different sections of a step-index plastic clad annular core optical fiber (ACF) operating in the infrared region of the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum. It is assumed that the fiber cross-section is made of two concentric circles, and the EM waves propagate through the annular region. The chosen fiber materials are widely used in low cost optical links. The wave equations are solved in the different sections of the fiber, and the general expressions for power in the core and the cladding regions are finally deduced. Plots are shown of the variation of fractional power (or the power confinement factor) in all the fiber sections against the propagation constants of sustained modes. The cases of three lowest azimuthal modal indices (i.e. meridional as well as skew modes) are described. It is observed that the confinement of power in the core section is increased for ACFs of larger cross-sectional dimensions. Also, a fairly uniform distribution of power over the sustained modes remains for large sized fibers, and this uniformity is greatly affected in ACFs of smaller dimensions. It is suggested that, because of strong evanescent fields, ACFs can be of potential use in chemical sensing. Apart from this, it is also presumed that these may be useful in the areas of communications. The improved mechanical strength adds the potentiality of ACFs.     

一种新型光学微腔的理论分析

应用波动光学理论,分析了一种新型锥顶柱状光学微腔的本征模式,得到了谐振腔的谐振波长表达式.在谐振波长1550 nm附近进行了设计与仿真优化,优化结果显示新型谐振腔与传统平行腔相比,在腔长为4512.5 nm,直径为3134.4 nm时,其品质因数可以提高22.4%,达到了49928.5,同时谐振腔的有效模式体积减小了47.8%.     

采用四根单模光纤束实现消逝波原子(或分子)波导的理论分析

提出了一种利用四根亚微米单模光纤束实现冷原子(或冷分子)波导的新方案，计算了四光纤束内空心区域的消逝波光场及其光学囚禁势.研究表明这种蓝失谐的空心消逝波光场同样可用于实现冷原子(或冷分子)的激光波导，而且与传统的中空光纤原子波导方案相比，不仅简单方便，造价低廉，而且更容易实现冷原子物质波的高效单模波导. 关键词： 单模光纤 消逝波 原子(或分子)波导     

Theoretical analysis of transverse mode conversion using transient long-period gratings induced by ultrashort pulses in optical fibers

We study numerically the conversion of transverse modes in a few-mode fiber using long-period gratings that are optically induced by femtosecond pulses. The gratings are transiently generated via the Kerr effect by the modal beating of a high-power write beam that excites a combination of transverse modes. The spectral properties and the influence of pulse walkoff on the conversion are investigated. Furthermore, by delaying the write pulse with respect to the probe pulse and choosing a suitable target mode profile, we show the temporal characteristics of a novel optical switch that can be realized based on this principle.     

Design and analysis of multi-ring microstructured-core optical fibers

A novel design of single-mode large-mode-area optical fiber is presented. The core is composed of alternate high and low-index regions to form an effectively low-index contrast between the core and the cladding. The proposed fiber is investigated by the finite-element method with anisotropic perfect matched layer boundary conditions. In addition, the bending losses of the fibers are calculated and compared with those of the step-index optical fibers. In particular, numerical simulations demonstrate that single-mode operation can be achieved in one such fiber with mode area larger than 600 μm² at the wavelength of 1.55 μm and bending loss lower than 0.02 dB/m for bending radius greater than 20 cm.     

Theoretical studies on frequency doubling in glass optical fibers in constant-intensity approximation

Theoretical consideration of the second harmonic generation in the constant-intensity approximation with account of the inverse effect of the excited wave on a stimulation wave through account of the phase change of interaction waves is presented. The behavior of harmonic wave intensity in a fiber for different parameters of the problem has been studied, the self-action of the light both in glass optical fiber and inside the homogeneous medium has been analyzed. In this approximation a decrease of conversion efficiency and a change of parameters of the curves of synchronism versus the pump intensity, in particular, the change of positions of intensity minima that does not take place in the constant-field approximation, are observed. The propagation of a plane wave packet in the homogeneous medium with quadratic nonlinearity and in an optical fiber accompanied by the self-phase modulation and leading to the change of the Gaussian pulse spectrum is analyzed with account of the phase changes of all the interacting waves.     

Three-dimensional FDTD method for optical pulse propagation analysis in microstructured optical fibers

We propose a three-dimensional (3D) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method to analyze the pulse propagation characteristics in microstructured optical fibers (MOFs). The computation domain size is greatly reduced by adopting the technique of moving problem space. The propagating pulse is virtually held in the buffer cell of the problem space as simulation continues. This method is capable to investigate the temporal evolution of the propagating pulse. Spectral information can be obtained by Fourier analysis. As an example, the influence of the kerr nonlinearity on the optical pulse propagation in a Lorentz dispersive MOF is demonstrated. The model is also used to simulate the nonlinear interactions between the pump spectral broadening and third harmonic generations in a highly nonlinear fused silica nanowire with good agreement with the generalized nonlinear envelop equation (GNEE) model.     

Influence of the angle-dependence of mode coupling on optical power distribution in step-index plastic optical fibers

Determination of the power distribution in step index plastic optical fibers by the power flow equation has been reported in the literature both with and without the simplifying assumption of constant coupling that is independent of the angle of light propagation. The need for this assumption is evaluated in this paper. Results with the angle-dependent coupling coefficient are compared to those derived under the simplifying assumption of constant coupling. Benchmarked to values measured experimentally, this comparison covered the coupling lengths L_c (denoting where the equilibrium mode distribution is achieved in the fiber) and lengths z_s (for achieving the steady-state distribution). Results differ slightly but only for longer fiber lengths, thus largely vindicating the simplifying assumption of constant coupling.     

双级光隔离器理论及装配误差分析

传统双级光隔离器45°装配无法达到隔离度最优化问题。从双级光隔离器的光学结构和工作原理入手,分析了双级光隔离器的插入损耗、反向隔离度,以及偏振相关损耗,使用MATLAB定量分析了双级隔离器装配存在偏转角度误差时的插入损耗和反向隔离度,为双级隔离器装配的最佳化提供了理论上应保证44°装配这一可行的保障方法。     

Theoretical investigation of electronic and optical properties of andalusite within density functional theory

The electronic and optical properties of andalusite were studied by using quantum-mechanical calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT). The electronic structure shows that andalusite has a direct band gap of 5.01 eV. The complex dielectric function and optical constants, such as extinction coefficient, refractive index, reflectivity and energy-loss spectrum, are calculated. The optical properties of andalusite are discussed based on the band structure calculations. It is shown that the O-2p states and Al-3s states play a major role in optical transitions as initial and final states, respectively.     

Theoretical analysis of bragg electrostrictive mixing in optical waveguides

A theoretical analysis of electrostrictive mixing in optical waveguides using the power balance approach is presented. The high optical power densities attainable in optical waveguides provide a means to make this effect appreciable to generate acoustic surface waves of the Rayleigh type. The tensor property of the acoustic wave and the transverse field distributions of the optical and acoustic waves are included in the analysis. Numerical calculation for a tellurite glass, fused quartz waveguide structure indicates a possibility for cw operation.     

Potential energy,force distribution and oscillatory motion of chloride ion inside electrically charged carbon nanotubes

In this research, a continuum-based model is presented to explore potential energy, force distribution and oscillatory motion of ions, and in particular chloride ion, inside carbon nanotubes (CNTs) decorated by functional groups at two ends. To perform this, van der Waals (vdW) interactions between ion and nanotube are modeled by the 6-12 Lennard-Jones (LJ) potential, whereas the electrostatic interactions between ion and functional groups are modeled by the Coulomb potential and the total interactions are analytically derived by summing the vdW and electrostatic interactions. Making the assumption that carbon atoms and charge of functional groups are all uniformly distributed over the nanotube surface and the two ends of nanotube, respectively, a continuum approach is utilized to evaluate the related interactions. Based on the actual force distribution, the equation of motion is also solved numerically to arrive at the time history of displacement and velocity of inner core. With respect to the proposed formulations, comprehensive studies on the variations of potential energy and force distribution are carried out by varying functional group charge and nanotube length. Moreover, the effects of these parameters together with initial conditions on the oscillatory behavior of system are studied and discussed in detail. It is found out that chloride ion escapes more easily from negatively charged CNTs which is followed by uncharged and positively charged ones. It is further shown that the presence of functional groups leads to enhancing the operating frequency of such oscillatory systems especially when the electric charges of ion and functional groups have different signs.     

光梯度力驱动纳谐振器的非线性动力学特性研究

光梯度力作为纳谐振器的一种新型驱动方式,得到了广泛关注.本文研究了光梯度力的固有非线性特性,建立了光梯度力驱动圆环与辐条谐振系统的动力学模型.揭示了入射光功率以及几何参数对系统的非线性动力学响应的影响规律.研究表明:光梯度力会引起系统呈现刚度软化效应,随着入射光功率增大,系统主共振峰值明显增大,且谐振频率随着振幅增大而产生较大偏移;两环初始间隙增大,系统振动幅值和谐振频率均下降;辐条厚度越大,系统主共振峰值和谐振频率均减小.因此,可以通过调节入射光功率来实现圆环辐条谐振器的频率调节,为光梯度力驱动纳谐振器动力学设计和性能预测提供理论参考.     

光镊力影响因素的计算分析

运用基于T矩阵算法的开源光镊计算工具包对可能影响光镊力的微粒尺寸、相对折射率以及光束模式进行了研究,计算结果表明,这三方面因素都会对光镊力产生显著影响,微粒直径与波长相等、相对折射率尽可能大时选择恰当的光束模式能够产生最佳的光镊捕获效果.     

Theoretical analysis of the electromagnetic field inside an anomalous-dispersion microresonator under synthetical pump

We study the spatiotemporal evolution of the electromagnetic field inside a microresonator showing an anomalous dispersion at the pump wavelength by using the normalized Lugiato–Lefever equation. Unlike the traditional single continuous wave(CW) pumping, an additional pump source consisting of periodical pulse train with variable repetition rate is adopted.The influences of the microresonator properties and the pump parameters on the field evolution and the electromagnetic field profile are analyzed. The simulation results indicate that, in the anomalous dispersion regime, both increases of the input pulse amplitude and the repetition frequency can result in the field profiles consisting of multiple peaks. A series of equidistant pulses can also be obtained by increasing the CW pump power. In addition, we find that a large physical detuning between the pump laser carrier and the cavity resonance frequency also causes the splitting of the inside field.     

内螺纹管两相流冷凝压降的理论分析

为研究理论模型关联式对内螺纹管内流体冷凝压降的预测效果,本文首先对管内压降产生机制、理论模型拟合机理进行了阐述,而后基于4种内螺纹管内R1234yf流动冷凝压降实验数据,对所选的5个分相模型关联式、2个均相模型关联式的预测效果进行了校核。校核结果显示:由于关联式对管内流体流动机制的假设工况与流体实际流动工况相近,文献[12]、[13]提出的关联式对管内压降表现出较好的预测效果,而文献[8]、[15]基于人字齿管压降数据拟合的关联式均不适用于管内压降的预测,此外,文献[16]、[18]提出的均相模型关联式对管内压降的预测误差虽不大,但预测精度受肋片结构的影响较大。