基于需求分类和乘客升级购买行为的航空公司收益管理模型

研究了基于乘客分类的航空客运库存控制与动态定价策略.模型中,航空公司以提供折扣票的方式将乘客分为两类,并针对购买折扣票的乘客存在升级购买行为,通过动态的控制折扣票的销售和对机票实施动态定价来最大化自身的期望收益.应用动态规划建立了相应的收益管理模型,讨论了最优定价应满足的关系式,并得到了接受或拒绝乘客购买折扣票的阈值.最后,通过算例分析了升级购买概率对阈值、机票的价格及期望收益的影响.     

乘客策略行为下考虑需求学习的航空客运动态定价策略研究

研究航空公司在需求学习下的动态定价策略。通过假设乘客到达率不确定以及具有策略等待行为,运用贝叶斯理论和博弈论对航空公司需求学习下的多周期动态定价问题进行建模,探讨了机票最优定价策略的充分条件,并通过分析航空公司收益函数的性质,得到了最优定价随时间和已出售机票数量的变化趋势。最后应用算例分析了需求学习的效果,得出:需求学习能够缓解需求不确定带来的损失,但不能完全消除;乘客策略程度越大,需求学习效果越明显。     

航空公司超额订票的收益分析

研究了航空公司超额预订机票的收益问题 .通过建立多等级票价模型 ,分别对一个航班和两个航班超额订票的收益进行研究 ,并讨论收益对预订票数、未到乘客数等参量的敏感性 .     

基于数字仿真的收益管理整合决策

对航空公司收益管理进行机票定价和座位存量分配的整合研究。应用计算机仿真算法动态构造民航收益管理系统中的需求预测模型,并根据航班收益最大化原则,确定价格与座位存量分配,根据需求变化实时调整价格和座位存量。仿真运算结果显示,该算法可以使航空公司不同航班收益比固定价格提高2%以上。     

基于粒子群算法的航班舱位控制研究

首先介绍了收益管理提出的背景思想,在对航班收益管理基本概念作简要阐述的情况下,给出了期望边际座位收入理论.提出了在北京到上海的单航程航段下,航空公司会提供出发时间不同但航程相同的连续两个航班.旅客在没能购买到期望的航班舱位时,会以一定的概率选择购买下一航班的机票或者取消订票,改乘其他交通运输工具.旅客对于某一航班的座位需求主要由固有需求和上一航班需求的转移两部分构成.基于这样的角度建立了两航班机票预售模型,不考虑动态订座,no-show和超售等情况,并利用算法对模型进行了求解和分析.最后得出结论当航班票价等级数量较少时,为高票价等级安排较多数量座位可提高航班收入.而当航班票价等级数量比较多时,为低票价等级多安排一些座位可为航班提高收入.     

机票预定问题的多阶段决策模型

本文讨论了机票预定的一种方法 .通过建立多阶段决策模型 ,将订票时期分成若干个阶段 ,在每一个阶段航空公司对乘客要求订票作出不同的反应 ,保证了检票时准备登机的人数与飞机上的座位数目相当接近     

面向战略型消费者的产品创新与定价策略

考虑垄断制造商面向战略型消费者时的产品创新与定价问题。运用消费者效用理论和博弈论等方法,构建静态和动态定价下制造商和消费者两期决策模型并求解分析。结果表明,消费者是否购买以及何时购买产品取决于升级换代产品的价格阈值。与静态定价相比较,动态定价能使制造商获得更多期望收益,但会降低消费者剩余、弱化制造商的产品创新积极性,并且这种弱化现象在产品价值折扣系数较高的情况下尤为明显。战略消费者购买行为对制造商的产品创新、期望收益和消费者剩余的影响,不仅依赖于制造商选择何种定价策略,还取决于产品价值折扣系数的大小。研究结论为消费者的产品购买和升级换代提供了理论建议,为企业的产品创新和定价提供了决策参考。     

寡头垄断市场三度价格歧视动态博弈分析

对两寡头厂商2元市场用完全信息动态博弈的方法分析了实施三度价格歧视情形和统一定价情形的均衡产量,均衡价格和均衡总收益,并研究了这两种情形三个指标之间的关系.结果显示,在两个子市场的需求函数为线性需求的条件下,统一定价的市场均衡产量等于歧视定价的市场均衡产量;统一定价的均衡价格是歧视定价时两个子市场均衡价格的加权平均;统一定价的市场均衡总收益小于歧视定价的市场均衡总收益.     

航空公司部分多属的枢纽机场定价研究

平台经济理论的运用是机场管理研究的新视角.以机场为平台商,航空公司和乘客为平台用户,在平台经济的分析框架下,以Armstrong价格模型为基础,并吸收Hotelling模型关于平台竞争及客户异质性的构建思想,针对竞争性的枢纽机场的定价策略进行研究.结果表明:机场的定价策略与航空公司和乘客的网络外部性参数和需求的价格弹性、乘客的预期交易次数、机场服务成本有关;倾斜的定价策略和航空收入与非航空收入的交叉补贴并不适用于模型假设下的机场.     

从合成担保债务契约市场报价反求期望损失

研究通过CDO市场报价反求、校验期望损失的方法.在CDO风险中性定价的基础上建立介绍了通过市场报价反求期望损失的两个模型.比较了两种模型的优缺点.然后讨论了定价公式中不同的参数对保费的影响,并给出了模型的两个应用:求标的资产的违约分布以及计算非标准层的定价.     

On a class of self-similar processes with stationary increments in higher order Wiener chaoses

We study a class of self-similar processes with stationary increments belonging to higher order Wiener chaoses which are similar to Hermite processes. We obtain an almost sure wavelet-like expansion of these processes. This allows us to compute the pointwise and local Hölder regularity of sample paths and to analyse their behaviour at infinity. We also provide some results on the Hausdorff dimension of the range and graphs of multidimensional anisotropic self-similar processes with stationary increments defined by multiple Wiener–Itô integrals.     

A REPRESENTATION FORMULA RELATED TO SCHR(O)DINGER OPERATORS

Schr(o)dinger operator is a central subject in the mathematical study of quantum mechanics.Consider the Schrodinger operator H = -△ V on R, where △ = d2/dx2 and the potential function V is real valued. In Fourier analysis, it is well-known that a square integrable function admits an expansion with exponentials as eigenfunctions of -△. A natural conjecture is that an L2 function admits a similar expansion in terms of "eigenfunctions" of H, a perturbation of the Laplacian (see [7], Ch. Ⅺ and the notes), under certain condition on V.     

On a class of Riemann surfaces

It is considered the class of Riemann surfaces with dimT1 = 0, where T1 is a subclass of exact harmonic forms which is one of the factors in the orthogonal decomposition of the spaceΩH of harmonic forms of the surface, namely The surfaces in the class OHD and the class of planar surfaces satisfy dimT1 = 0. A.Pfluger posed the question whether there might exist other surfaces outside those two classes. Here it is shown that in the case of finite genus g, we should look for a surface S with dimT1 = 0 among the surfaces of the form Sg\K , where Sg is a closed surface of genus g and K a compact set of positive harmonic measure with perfect components and very irregular boundary.     

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 30

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Instructions for contributions

正Applied Mathematics-A Journal of Chinese Universities,Series B(Appl.Math.J.Chinese Univ.,Ser.B)is a comprehensive applied mathematics journal jointly sponsored by Zhejiang University,China Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics,and Springer-Verlag.It is a quarterly journal with     

Journal of Mathematical Research with Applications Guide for Authors

正Journal overview:Journal of Mathematical Research with Applications(JMRA),formerly Journal of Mathematical Research and Exposition(JMRE)created in 1981,one of the transactions of China Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics,is a home for original research papers of the highest quality in all areas of mathematics with applications.The target audience comprises:pure and applied mathematicians,graduate students in broad fields of sciences and technology,scientists and engineers interested in mathematics.     

Staircase transportation problems with superadditive rewards and cumulative capacities

A cumulative-capacitated transportation problem is studied. The supply nodes and demand nodes are each chains. Shipments from a supply node to a demand node are possible only if the pair lies in a sublattice, or equivalently, in a staircase disjoint union of rectangles, of the product of the two chains. There are (lattice) superadditive upper bounds on the cumulative flows in all leading subrectangles of each rectangle. It is shown that there is a greatest cumulative flow formed by the natural generalization of the South-West Corner Rule that respects cumulative-flow capacities; it has maximum reward when the rewards are (lattice) superadditive; it is integer if the supplies, demands and capacities are integer; and it can be calculated myopically in linear time. The result is specialized to earlier work of Hoeffding (1940), Fréchet (1951), Lorentz (1953), Hoffman (1963) and Barnes and Hoffman (1985). Applications are given to extreme constrained bivariate distributions, optimal distribution with limited one-way product substitution and, generalizing results of Derman and Klein (1958), optimal sales with age-dependent rewards and capacities.To our friend, Philip Wolfe, with admiration and affection, on the occasion of his 65th birthday.Research was supported respectively by the IBM T.J. Watson and IBM Almaden Research Centers and is a minor revision of the IBM Research Report [6].