复合除湿剂导热系数及动态除湿性能研究

为提高硅胶除湿剂的传热性能,并且不影响其吸湿性能,本文选择高热导率的硫化石墨作为传热基质,制作不同密度的硅胶/硫化石墨固化复合除湿剂。通过激光闪光法和动态称重法对样品进行导热系数和动态除湿性能测试。结果表明复合除湿剂导热性能随着固化密度的增大先增加后减小,导热系数最高可达16.2 W·m~(-1)·K~(-1),约为纯硅胶除湿剂的230多倍。复合除湿剂的吸湿性能随着固化密度的升高而下降,密度为300 kg·m~(-3)。复合吸附剂的动态吸湿速率约为纯硅胶的2倍以上。     

吸附制冷中硅胶吸附性能衰减特性研究

理论分析了导致硅胶吸附性能衰减的可能原因,并根据硅胶在吸附制冷中可能遇到的环境条件,制造了多个试样,通过实验的方法表征了这些试样的比表面积、硅羟基含量以及吸附量等参数,获得了等温吸附曲线。根据数据比较的结果,硅胶吸附性能受多种因素影响,其中粉尘等杂质污染因素是导致硅胶吸附性能降低的重要原因之一。另外,对酸泡、洗涤方法处理衰减试样吸附性能进行了探索性的研究,对恢复硅胶吸附性能的方法进行了尝试。     

硅胶除湿转轮性能优化实验研究

为了提高除湿转轮的除湿性能,降低吸附热对除湿性能的影响,将导热硅脂作为传热基质负载在不同扇形区域的硅胶转轮转芯基体表面,搭建硅胶除湿转轮性能优化实验台,研究了除湿转轮动态除湿性能.实验结果表明:硅胶除湿转轮的除湿性能随导热硅脂负载区域的增大先增大后减小,导热硅脂负载区域为2/8时,具有最佳的除湿性能,除湿量达到了0.3...     

液体除湿空调再生性能的实验研究

在对液体除湿和再生机理研究的基础上,建立了太阳能液体除湿空调系统,其中的再生器采用逆流式填料塔,塔体采用不锈钢材质,有效克服了除湿溶液对它们的腐蚀。本实验采用氯化钙作为除湿剂重点研究了再生过程,分析了各种进口参数对再生效果的影响。结果表明:空气流量和含湿量以及除湿溶液的流量和再生温度对再生过程的传热和传质有不同程度的影响。     

双级热管转轮除湿空调系统性能研究

转轮除湿空调系统是将转轮除湿机与常用冷却方式相结合实现空调制冷的新型空调系统。为降低转轮除湿空调系统的再生能耗以及提高系统的冷却能力,本文提出双级热管转轮除湿空调系统,系统利用重力热管的冷凝段实现转轮除湿机的再生,蒸发段实现处理空气的冷却。建立了双级热管除湿转轮空调系统传热传湿模型,模拟分析了系统在不同工况下系统的降温除湿特性。研究表明,处理空气进口温度越高,系统的冷却能力越强但系统的除湿能力降低;处理空气湿度越高,系统的除湿能力越强,但系统的冷却能力降低;再生温度越高,系统除湿能力越强,系统热力性能系数越低,但冷却能力降低。综合降温除湿能力及节能要求,双级热管转轮除湿空调系统的再生温度不宜过高,推荐≤80℃。     

溶液除湿冷却系统的再生性能实验研究

基于以氯化锂水溶液为除湿剂的除湿冷却系统(DECS),对其溶液的再生过程进行实验研究。研究了热源温度、溶液浓度对填料塔式再生系统再生性能的影响情况,实验表明溶液浓度在20%时,空气含湿量最大增量为37.1 g/kg干空气。计算出几种工况下的传质系数,最大的传质系数为0.0072 kg/(m2·s),并得出系统有关参数对传质系数的影响,为此类再生器的性能模拟与设计提供关键性的数据。     

转轮除湿器微通道形状对除湿性能的影响

本文通过对除湿转轮气流微通道建立-维传热传质数学模型,对不同形状的微通道对传热传质效果的影响进行了理论分析.在给定工况下,对比了不同形状微通道的转轮包括除湿量、单位时间除湿量等各个除湿性能评价指标.结果表明,采用优选微通道形状将提高转轮除湿器性能指标10%左右.     

分级再生式转轮除湿空调系统的性能分析

提出了分级再生式转轮除湿和蒸发冷却相结合的空调系统,依据除湿和再生过程的质量守恒和能量守恒方程,结合边界条件和初始条件建立除湿转轮和空调系统的数学模型,对比分析了分级再生空调系统的性能。研究结果表明:采用分级再生的转轮可达到与一般再生转轮相同的除湿效果。与一般再生的空调系统相比,分级再生式空调系统的再生能耗降低了约50%,热力性能系数提高了约90%。     

Coalbed methane adsorption and desorption characteristics related to coal particle size

Effects of particle size on CH_4 and CO_2adsorption and desorption characteristics of coals are investigated at 308 K and pressures up to 5.0 MPa.The gas adsorption and desorption isotherms of coals with particle sizes ranging from 250 μm to 840 μm are measured via the volumetric method,and the Langmuir model is used to analyse the experimental results.Coal particle size is found to have an obvious effect on the coal pore structure.With the decrease of coal particle size in the process of grinding,the pore accessibility of the coal,including the specific surface area and pore volume,increases.Hence,coal with smaller particle size has higher specific surface area and higher pore volume.The ability of adsorption was highly related to the pore structure of coal,and coal particle size has a significant influence on coal adsorption/desorption characteristics,including adsorption capacity and desorption hysteresis for CH_4 and CO_2,i.e.,coal with a smaller particle size achieves higher adsorption capacity,while the sample with a larger particle size has lower adsorption capacity.Further,coal with larger particle size is also found to have relatively large desorption hysteresis.In addition,dynamic adsorption performances of the samples are carried out at 298 K and at pressures of 0.1 MPa and 0.5 MPa,respectively,and the results indicate that with the increase of particle size,the difference between CO_2 and CH_4adsorption capacities of the samples decreases.     

Stray-field magnetic resonance imaging of solid materials

NMR imaging has experienced a tremendous increase in its use in a diverse range of investigations, particularly in the field of medical diagnostics. With regard to NMR imaging of solid materials, a number of challenges must be overcome before solid-state NMR imaging can experience widespread use. To date, a variety of strategies has been proposed for obtaining solid-state NMR images. In this paper, we will review the literature dealing with a specific solid-state NMR imaging method, stray-field imaging. We will describe our implementation of a two-dimensional version of the stray-field imaging method on a commercial instrument capable of collecting wideline NMR data and the use of this method in the examination of solid materials of interest in the aerospace industry.     

Quantum statistical theory of adsorption and desorption of a gas at a solid surface

The non-equilibrium initial value problem of phonon-mediated adsorption and desorption of a gas at a solid surface is formulated explicitly in a quantum-statistical theory and adsorption, flash desorption and isothermal desorption times are calculated using a non-local separable surface potential. We find that the flash desorption time is a function of both initial and final temperatures T_g and T_s and can, for fixed T_g, be approximated by Frenkel's formula over a limited range of flash temperatures T_s. We fit our theory to flash desorption data for He desorbing from Constantan and find excellent agreement. Predictions are given for the H/NaCl system. Isothermal and flash desorption times are correlated, and experiments are suggested to demonstrate the differences.     

Evaluation of boron industrial solid waste in composite materials

Boron industrial solid waste is used as reinforcement for preparing composite materials. This waste has boron trioxide which holds unique properties may affect the surface or interface of the composite. The prepared composites are characterized in order to determine the dispersion and the structure by means of inverse gas chromatography (IGC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). There is a strong relation between the dispersion of reinforcement and the properties of newly formed composite. The dispersive component of the surface energies of the composites and components are determined by IGC. This parameter is difficult to measure by other methods and it is related to the wettability and adhesive characters of solid materials. The effect of compounding ratios of reinforcement is also examined. Furthermore, XRD diffractograms and SEM images of composites showed well dispersion. Thermal analysis revealed that the addition of the boron industrial solid waste to the polymer increased the thermal stability of pure polymer. Infrared spectra of the composites indicated that the composites were formed from the waste reinforcement and the polymer matrix.     

固体材料低温热导率的测量

本实验以4.2K二级G-M制冷机为冷源,采用稳态轴向热流法测量了304不锈钢与环氧玻璃钢在低温下的热导率,讨论了样品上初始温差的成因及其影响,给出了热导率真实值所在的区间,并对测量误差以及各种漏热带来的影响进行了分析。     

NO在Ni_xAg_y(x+y=13)团簇表面吸附分解的第一性原理研究

基于第一性原理计算方法,对Ni_xAg_y(x+y=13)团簇的几何结构进行优化后,研究了NO在此类团簇表面不同位置的吸附分解行为,讨论了团簇的束缚能、束缚能的二阶差分、能隙以及吸附前后键长、吸附能、NO分波态密度的变化情况.结果表明,团簇对称性随着Ni的占比变化而变化,稳定性随Ni占比增加而增强,束缚能的二阶差分随着Ni原子的增多呈现奇偶震荡性,NO@Ni_xAg_y(x+y=13)团簇表面吸附行为主要为化学吸附,吸附后N-O键长的变化在0.028?～0.092?之间.对团簇吸附NO的态密度分析发现,吸附后NO的2π*轨道失去电子,1π轨道得到电子,从而导致吸附能的变化.     

NH3在TaC(0001)表面吸附和解离的第一性原理研究

采用自旋极化密度泛函理论(DFT)并结合周期平板模型的方法,研究了NH₃在TaC表面的吸附和分解反应机理.表面能计算结果显示,以Ta为终止的TaC(0001)面为最稳定的表面;NH₃分子通过其孤对电子优先吸附在顶位top位,而NH₂和H最稳定吸附位置为三重hcp位,NH和N吸附在三重fcc位.过渡态结果表明氮原子的复合反应脱附为整个反应的限速步骤.电子结构计算结果表明,NH3分子及其片段通过其N原子的2p_z轨道与底物Ta的5d_z2轨道混合吸附于表面.随着脱氢反应的进行,电荷转移现象变得逐渐明显,吸附质和底物之间的电荷转移在加速NH₃脱氢催化过程中发挥重要作用.     

Study of lithium adsorption on the TiO2 surface by electron-stimulated desorption

This paper reports on a study of electron-stimulated desorption (ESD) of O⁺ and Li⁺ ions from titanium dioxide as a function of the preheating temperature T and of the concentration of lithium adsorbed at 300 K, which was carried out with a static magnetic mass spectrometer combined with a retarding-field energy analyzer. For T>1500 K, the TiO₂ surface undergoes irreversible rearrangement. At temperatures from 300 to 900 K and at lithium coverages Θ<1, the ESD cross sections of the O⁺ and Li⁺ ions vary in a reversible manner with temperature, while for lithium coverages Θ>1, the changes in the Li⁺ and O⁺ ESD cross sections become irreversible. For θ<1, the appearance threshold of the Li⁺ and O⁺ ions is 25 eV, whereas for θ>1, the ESD threshold of Li⁺ ions shifts to 37 eV.     

Field emission microscopy of adsorption and desorption of residual gas molecules on a carbon nanotube tip

Field emission of electrons from multiwall carbon nanotubes has been investigated by field emission microscopy (FEM) in ultra-high vacuum. A carbon nanotube, at the end of which at least six pentagons exist to make a closed cap, gives an FEM pattern consisting of bright pentagonal rings if the nanotube surface is clean. Adsorption of residual gas molecules is observed as bright spots in the FEM pattern, giving rise to an abrupt increase in the emission current. Adsorbed molecules seem to reside preferentially on the pentagonal sites where the strong electric field is concentrated. A heat cleaning of the emitter at about 1300 K allows the molecules to desorb, and the nanotube emitter recovers its original clean surface. It has been revealed that the adsorption and desorption of gas molecules are responsible for stepwise fluctuation of the emission current.