铝基MOF合成及其在除湿换热器中的应用

提出一种铝基MOF的新型合成方式,用金属铝代替铝盐作为MOF铝离子来源,制备可直接涂覆于金属基表面的MOF浆料。经XRD表征浆料的主要成分为MIL-96(Al)和MIL-100(Al),该材料在20°C下吸附量可达到0.38 g/g。利用喷涂法制备MOF–金属基样片,样片动态吸附测试表明各相对湿度下吸附过程均与LDF模型良好拟合且相对湿度越高吸附速率越快;经50个吸附–脱附循环样片的吸水性能无衰减。制备MOF除湿换热器(MCHE)并分析了入口风速和热水温度的影响,在多个工况下MCHE均表现出优于硅胶除湿换热器2³倍的除湿能力。     

内燃机缸套水低温余热驱动除湿机组实验研究

本文针对内燃机冷热电联供系统缸套水低品位余热无法高效回收利用的难题,利用缸套水低品位余热驱动LiCl溶液吸收式除湿机组,搭建实验平台,改变内燃机输出功率,研究LiCl溶液吸收式除湿机组性能变化情况。内燃机输出功率从18 kW增加到50 kW,内燃机缸套水热负荷增加,再生器的再生能力增强,再生液脱水量△mg从0.84 g/s升高到1.02 g/k,再生液浓度从33.3%升高到34.0%;除湿器的性能增强,送风温度从21.1℃升高到22.5℃,相对湿度从49.49%降低到41.97%,溶液的除湿量从0.69 g/s增加到0.76 g/s。     

桤木木屑对废水中Hg~（2＋）的静态吸附

研究了未改性、HNO3改性和NaOH改性桤木木屑对水中Hg2＋的吸附特性,并探讨了Hg2＋初始浓度、吸附时间和吸附温度对吸附率的影响。结果表明,在实验条件下,3种木屑对水中Hg2＋均有较好的吸附效果,吸附率可达99%以上。其中,N aOH改性木屑的吸附效果最好,平衡吸附量为3.00μg/g。结果表明,利用N aOH改性桤木木屑制备废水中Hg2＋吸附材料具有很好的应用前景。     

CO_2跨临界循环耦合绝热吸收型两级溶液除湿系统性能分析

本文提出了CO_2跨临界循环耦合绝热吸收型两级溶液除湿系统,直接使用跨临界循环压缩机高温排气再生LiCl溶液,充分利用了跨临界循环排气温度高和温度滑移大的特点。本文使用LiCl溶液作为除湿剂,建立了复合系统的热力学模型,分析得到可用排热的温度滑移范围为120～50℃。耦合系统能够实现温湿度独立控制,跨临界循环的蒸发温度得到明显提高。一级除湿器除湿量占比与湿空气入口含湿量呈单调递增关系。一级除湿器进口LiCl溶液温度降低、浓度增大,能够提高溶液除湿循环的性能系数。耦合系统的可用排热与蒸发温度密切相关,存在一个临界蒸发温度使得可用排热满足系统再生需求。对比CO_2跨临界循环冷却除湿,在相同除湿量下,使用本文耦合系统进行除湿,跨临界循环的COP提高5.6%,压缩功减少29%。     

基于太阳能能驱动的连续除湿换热器空调系统的实验研究

本文在固体除湿换热器的基础上提出了一个新型太阳能驱动的连续除湿换热器(CSCHE)空调系统,并建立了与之相对的实验平台.本系统通过对两个除湿换热器(SCHE)内的再生热水和冷却水进行切换实现连续除湿的目的.在上海地区夏季典型工况下对除湿空调系统的设计可行性和除湿能力进行了验证,结果显示CSCHE空调系统的平均除湿量和系统的热力学系能系数(COP_(th))分别可以达到5.08 g/kg和0 34.     

暂态热重法分析混合导电材料YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)的透氧性能

用暂态热重法研究了 YBa2 Cu3O7-δ(YBCO)粉末在不同的温度下 N2 → O2 → N2 交变气流中的吸氧、脱氧过程 ,估算了其在不同温度下的氧吸附速率、氧脱附速率。结果表明 ,YBCO对氧有强烈的选择吸附性 ,并且其吸氧、脱氧过程是可逆的 ,氧吸附过程较迅速 ,而氧脱附过程则较缓慢 ;氧吸附或氧脱附过程在开始阶段是表面扩散 ,以后主要是体扩散。     

CuS/ZnS复合材料脱除烟气中零价汞的实验研究

采用液相沉淀法制备了CuS/ZnS复合材料,在固定床吸附实验台上研究了材料的单质汞(Hg~0)吸附特性.结果表明:CuS/ZnS的Hg~0吸附速率远快于纯CuS或ZnS;CuS的最佳摩尔比随反应温度升高而降低,150℃下,CuS和ZnS的摩尔比为10%时材料脱汞性能最为优异,1 mg 10Cu-Zn可将40μg·m~(-3)的初始汞浓度降为0;通过调整CuS和ZnS的比例,可制备出适合任何温度条件的二元硫化矿物吸附剂,对开发适用于多种工业烟气Hg~0控制的多元复合硫化物材料具有指导意义。     

零气耗空气除湿实验研究

针对有热再生式压缩空气除湿装置在再生及冷吹过程中产生气耗的缺点,运用喷射器及恒压变温吸附再生原理设计了一种零气耗空气除湿工艺流程。在搭建小型实验台的基础上,通过改变喷射器引射率进行实验研究三种工况条件下活性氧化铝的吸附再生性能。实验结果表明:实验全过程能够保持一个相对稳定且有效的恒压变温吸附再生条件,且出口空气露点达到生产要求;随着喷射率的降低,吸附剂再生效果逐渐下降,而吸附效果逐渐上升。引射率为0.5时的再生时间约为引射率0.75的1.85倍,再生速率约为0.51倍。而引射率0.33,引射率0.5的吸附效率分别为引射率0.75的1.04倍,1.11倍,吸附稳定时间1.11倍,2.22倍。     

快速吸附与脱附的声表面波H2S传感器

本文主要研究了基于SnO₂/CuO薄膜的声表面波（SAW）传感器（室温下,工作频率约为147.8 MHz）检测H₂S气体的特性。以36°YXLiTaO₃为基片制作声表面波器件,通过采用射频磁控溅射法在其表面淀积SnO₂/CuO的复合薄膜制作出H₂S气体传感器。由场发射电子扫描电镜观察薄膜,薄膜连续均匀且表面分布大量微气孔,因而具有良好的吸附性。然后本文在85℃～205℃范围内对传感器的吸附和脱附速率、灵敏度及选择性等进行了实验研究。实验结果表明,所制备的传感器在较低温度下同时具备快速吸附和脱附特性,工作在190℃时气体吸附和脱附速率最快,检测20ppm H₂S的响应和恢复时间分别为30s、15s;工作在160℃时,传感器检测20ppmH₂S的灵敏度最高,工作频率变化约230 kHz,且对于低浓度2 ppm H₂S,频率变化可达45 kHz。同时,传感器也表现出良好的重复性和选择性。     

介孔SiO2的合成及其吸湿性能研究

本文在硫酸介质中,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备多孔吸附剂介孔SiO₂,通过透射电了显微镜（TEM）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、N₂吸附脱附对SiO₂的结构进行分析,用动态水蒸气吸附分析仪研究SiO₂对水蒸气的吸附和再生温度。结果表明制备的SiO₂比表面积为607.3 m²·g^,平均孔径为4.3 nm,在极低（≤10%）和高相对湿度下对水蒸气具有高的吸附量,360 K即可再生,再生性能好。     

Fe_3O_4-β-环糊精聚合物固相萃取紫外可见光谱法分离分析孔雀石绿

合成并以元素分析、红外及电镜等方法表征Fe_3O_4/羟丙基-β-环糊精聚合物磁性纳米材料(CM-HP-β-CDCP-MNPs),以此作为固相萃取剂,建立磁性固相萃取-紫外可见光谱法分离分析孔雀石绿的新方法。考察影响吸附和洗脱的条件(pH,萃取剂用量,洗脱剂类型用量,萃取用洗脱时间等)。结果表明:室温下,pH 7.0时,CM-HP-β-CDCP-MNPs能快速定量吸附孔雀石绿(吸附率92%);乙醇在30min内可脱附孔雀石绿(脱附率90%);CM-HP-β-CDCP-MNPs可重复使用5次。在最佳实验条件下,该方法的富集倍数为7.5,检出限为5.6ng·mL~(-1),线性范围为0.08~8.00μg·mL~(-1),测定样品中的孔雀石绿结果令人满意。利用红外光谱初步讨论Fe_3O_4/羟丙基-β-环糊精聚合物纳米材料吸附机理。     

Water vapor desorption and adsorbent regeneration for air conditioning unit using pulsed corona plasma

The dehumidifying action of a dehumidifier or air conditioner was employed to achieve a comfortable and desirable indoor comfort. Water vapor adsorbed on an adsorbent substance needs to be regenerated when the water vapor exceeds the adsorption capacity. The conventional process for adsorbent regeneration or moisture desorption uses the heat by means of the electric heater. In the present study, the water vapor desorption from the adsorbent material was investigated using a pulsed corona plasma for possible replacement of the electric heater. The water vapor desorption for a given power (defined as desorption efficiency) using the pulsed corona plasma was found to be superior over conventional thermal desorption. The gradient of desorption (desorption rate) was found to be significantly higher for plasma desorption, so that faster desorption can be achieved without excessive gas heating. In addition, the plasma desorption was not affected by the initial moisture content in an indoor environment, which leads to more economical, controllable, and flexible air conditioning system.     

具有非平衡吸附特征的吸附床传热特性研究

吸附床是固体吸附制冷系统的关键部件,对于连续回热等快速进行的吸附制冷循环,吸附床内温度的变化及其压力交变对吸附特性的影响不可忽视。本文对吸附床在吸附、解吸过程中的温度场和吸附率分布进行了模拟计算,并将其与采用平衡吸附模型的计算结果进行了比较,文中比较及结论有助于深入认识吸附床在制冷循环中工作特性,并为吸附床的设计提供参考依据。     

Determination of the Heat of Adsorption and Desorption of a Volatile Organic Compound Under Dynamic Conditions Using Fourier‐Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Quantitative Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopic analysis was used for the determination of adsorption capacity of a model volatile organic compound (VOC) under dynamic conditions. The analytical method used also offers the possibility of distinguishing between reversible and irreversible adsorption as well as further detection of adsorbed VOC transformation. The obtained adsorbed amounts have been used for the determination of the heat of adsorption and the activation energy of desorption using, respectively, isosteric and temperature programmed desorption methods. The approach has been applied to explore the potential use of local clay as an adsorbent material for VOC pollutants.     

改性煤基活性炭对燃煤烟气中汞的脱除

本文以无烟煤为前驱体,采用KOH活化法制备了煤基活性炭,并以NH4I为改性剂对活性炭进行改性,用于燃煤烟气中汞的脱除。实验研究了负载的NH4I的质量分数、烟气温度以及烟气成分对改性活性炭脱汞性能的影响。研究结果表明,最佳的NH4I负载质量分数为0.07;在80~180℃的温度范围内,随着温度的升高,活性炭的脱汞效率逐渐降低。烟气中的O2、CO2、NO、HCl等组分对改性后的活性炭的脱汞效率具有一定的促进作用,SO2则有明显的抑制作用;但由于改性活性炭具有较好的抗硫效果,当烟气中含有微量的SO2时,活性炭的平均脱汞效率仍可达到87.95%。采用热再生法对改性活性炭进行再生,结果表明,400℃下再生的活性炭的脱汞率为95.82%,但随着再生次数的增加,活性炭脱汞效率不断降低。     

太阳能液体干燥剂除湿潜能储存热质传递过程研究

对液体干燥剂制冷和除湿能力贮存环节进行了分析,给出一种太阳能干燥剂再生转换装置传热传质数学模型．该储能方式没有因储能介质与周围环境存在温差产生的冷热损失,对ＣａＣｌ２和ＬｉＣｌ等典型液体干燥剂的分析表明,理想情况下,二者的储能密度可达１０００ ＭＪ／Ｍ３和 １４００ ＭＪ／ｍ３,远大于水和冰的蓄能密度,储能密度还受太阳辐射、面盖间距、环境条件等因素影响．     

两级双溶液除湿/再生模块实验研究

本文依据氯化钙溶液和氯化锂溶液对空气中水蒸气的不同的吸收能力,提出并搭建了两级双溶液除湿/再生模块实验装置.对氯化钙溶液的预除湿能力进行了实验验证,分析了处理空气流速、氯化钙溶液流速和氯化锂溶液流速对模块的除湿性能的影响,以及再生空气速度对系统再生性能的影响.并进一步计算了系统的能耗情况,在增加空气热回收率为50%的再生空气热回收器的典型工况下,最低平均再生热量降低至3.3 kJ/g,系统COP为2.05.     

基于傅里叶红外光谱的SiO_2基相变储湿复合材料结构分析及性能优选预测

以SiO_2为载体材料、脂肪酸为相变材料制备具有相变调温性能与储湿调湿性能的SiO_2基相变储湿复合材料。采用等温吸放湿法和步冷曲线法测试不同脂肪酸用量的SiO_2基相变储湿复合材料相变调温性能与储湿调湿性能。利用傅里叶红外光谱测试SiO_2基相变储湿复合材料的结构组成,分析SiO_2与脂肪酸的嵌合机理。以SiO_2基相变储湿复合材料的傅里叶红外光谱特征吸收峰作为输入层,以SiO_2基相变储湿复合材料的脂肪酸用量、相对湿度52.89%下SiO_2基相变储湿复合材料吸湿平衡含湿量与放湿平衡含湿量的平均值、SiO_2基相变储湿复合材料从30~15℃降温所需的时间作为输出层,以S型激活函数作为隐含层,利用BE神经网络建立结构参数与综合相变储湿性能的SiO_2基相变储湿复合材料性能优选预测模型。结果表明,SiO_2基相变储湿复合材料中SiO_2与脂肪酸仅为物理嵌合,未发生化学作用;当脂肪酸用量0.079 mol时,所制备的SiO_2基相变储湿复合材料具有最优的综合相变储湿性能,即在相对湿度52.89%下的吸湿平衡含湿量为0.132 3 g·g~(-1)、放湿平衡含湿量0.147 5 g·g~(-1)、平衡含湿量的平均值为0.139 9 g·g~(-1),从30~15℃降温所需的时间为1 305 s;SiO_2基相变储湿复合材料的性能优选预测模型吻合性较好,具有较高的精确度,其预测值与实测值的相对误差为-2.07%和2.45%,可以用于优选预测SiO_2基相变储湿复合材料的储湿调湿性能和相变调温性能。     

Synthesis of Magnetic Metal Organic Framework Fe3O4 @ NH2-MIL-53 (Al) Materials and Application to the Adsorption of LeadSCIEI北大核心CSCD

Metal organic framework, a novel class of organic inorganic hybrid functional materials, has been widely used in the fields of gas adsorption, catalysis, separation, and biological medicine due to its large specific surface area, diverse structural, and adjustable channel. In this work, a new amine-functionalized magnetic metal-organic framework material was synthesized. Nano-Fe3O4 was prepared by a solvothermal method, after which polyvinyl pyrrolidone was employed to modify Fe3O4. Finally, amino groups were introduced to prepare Fe3O4@NH2-MIL-53(Al). The crystal structure and functional groups of the material were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR). Combined with flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS), the adsorption of lead by the magnetic adsorbent was investigated. The magnetic adsorbent possesses high adsorption capacity because of the large specific surface area of Fe3O4@NH2-MIL-53 (Al) and the coordination between amino group and lead. Experimental conditions affecting the adsorption percentage were discussed and the experimental operation parameters were optimized (pH value of 6.0 and adsorption time of 120 min). Kinetics and thermodynamics studies were conducted for the adsorption process. Langmuir/Freundlich and pseudo-first-order/pseudo-second-order models were applied to analyze the experimental data. Thermodynamic functions, i.e., changes of Gibbs energy, entropy, and enthalpy, were calculated from temperature experiments. In addition, the regeneration of the adsorbent was considered with hydrochloric acid as the desorption solution. Several adsorption and desorption experiments were carried out, illustrating that the Fe3O4@NH2-MIL-53(Al) adsorbent can be used repeatedly.     

Desorption of a fixed-bed adsorber by ultrasound

Adsorption processes offer the possibility to remove trace impurities of liquid process streams. An important step in adsorption processes is the regeneration of the adsorbent as it does not only affect the adsorption-desorption cycle but also the expenses of the following process steps. In this study, various desorption experiments of a loaded polymeric resin have been conducted. They were performed with cold and hot water as well as with ultrasound at different frequencies and intensities. The results indicate, that an important factor of ultrasound enhanced desorption is the temperature rise due to ultrasonication. But as regeneration is more effective at higher frequencies even though temperatures inside the column are lower, another ultrasonic effect occurs during ultrasonic desorption.