运动声源多普勒畸变信号的一种时域校正方法

运动声源信号中广泛存在多普勒效应的影响,为了解决其引起的频移、频带扩展问题,提出了一种时域信号校正方法。该方法首先从运动关系和莫尔斯声学理论出发推导得出离散插值时间序列和幅值还原公式,然后对畸变信号进行幅值还原和插值拟合。仿真信号和实验信号处理结果表明多普勒效应带来的频移和频带扩展问题得到了较好的解决,畸变信号得到了有效校正。该方法在时域内对离散信号进行单点操作,与以往的频域处理方法相比具有无需已知声源特征频率、不受频带混叠因素影响的优点,该方法能够处理多频信号,是一种简单有效的多普勒效应消除方法。      

频谱分析型激光多普勒测速仪信号处理技术

为了提高激光多普勒测速仪的测量精度,提出对激光多普勒信号先进行跟踪滤波,再进行频谱细化和频谱校正的信号处理方法,并利用信号处理系统对实测的多普勒信号进行了实验研究。实验结果表明:跟踪滤波器在滤除基底信号及系统的部分噪声的基础上,实时跟踪多普勒信号的频率,信噪比明显提高,所得结果与多普勒频率的真实值相一致;频谱细化技术大大提高了频谱分辨力,频谱校正技术使校正后的频率更接近真实值。     

基于Labview的激光多普勒测速仪的频谱校正

在激光多普勒测速仪中,为了减小由信号处理算法带来的测量误差,提出运用频谱校正算法对多普勒信号的频谱进行校正,详细阐述了能量重心法、比值法和相位差法3种离散频谱校正算法的基本原理,运用这3种算法对理想正弦信号进行仿真,并运用比值法对信号施加不同频率和信噪比的噪音下的正弦信号和实测的多普勒信号进行仿真及实验研究。结果表明:3种算法都可以使信号的频率更接近于真实值,其中能量重心法校正精度相对较低,比值法和相位差法精度较高,尤其是比值校正算法处理速度更快,校正的精度基本不受信噪比的影响。将比值法运用于激光多普勒测速系统,与光接收计数法测量结果进行比较,结果显示:校正后比较正前激光多普勒测速仪测量相对精度提高了2～3倍。     

提高广角成像系统几何畸变数字校正精度的方法

光学成像系统非线性几何畸变的高精度数字校正仍然是一个未能很好解决的问题。其中 ,衡量畸变程度的参数难以精确测量是最重要的原因之一。在以径向几何畸变为主的非线性几何畸变模型中 ,通过对影响畸变参数测量精度的各种因素的分析 ,提出了提高畸变参数测量精度的方法。详细介绍了通过计算机自动测量畸变参数的算法 ,并给出了实现数字校正的算法。实验表明 ,能够比较精确地测出实现畸变校正所需的各参数。应用到不规则平面物体面积的测量中 ,获得了很好的效果     

全景系统中大视场摄像机径向畸变校正算法研究

针对全景系统中的大视场红外摄像机和可见光摄像机带来的图像畸变问题,在分析了畸变原理和数学模型的基础上,首先采用模板法标定摄像机的畸变参数,然后对畸变图像中像素点位置进行几何变换,再对像素点上的灰度值进行双线性插值法灰度校正,最后通过优化算法提高了图像运算速度。试验结果表明,设计的畸变校正算法能实时的校正全景系统中的畸变图像,有效提高了全景图像的观察效果。     

基于气溶胶光学参数的拉曼激光雷达重叠因子校正方法

提出了一种稳定的拉曼激光雷达重叠因子计算和校正算法,适用于含有拉曼散射通道的激光雷达系统的重叠因子校正。此算法基于大气气溶胶光学参数的拉曼反演算法,通过分析消光系数和后向散射系数的反演特点,发现后向散射系数在过渡区中不受重叠因子的影响。用后向散射系数和激光雷达比的乘积对消光系数缺失信号进行初步校正,进而正演出初步校正后的拉曼散射回波信号,将实际拉曼散射回波信号与正演的拉曼散射回波信号相除即可得到重叠因子廓线。对回波信号和气溶胶光学参数进行了过渡区信号校正和盲区信号补充。分别用单组和连续的激光雷达实验观测数据进行了重叠因子的计算和校正,并与能见度仪观测的近地面数据进行了对比,呈现良好的一致性。结果表明,此算法对重叠因子计算较为稳定。     

基于参考透镜法的数字全息显微相位畸变校正技术

建立了数值与物理方法结合的参考透镜法,对离轴数字全息显微系统进行畸变相位校正.对离轴全息图进行频谱分析,通过频谱滤波、移位的数值方法对一次相位畸变进行校正.在参考光路中引入参考透镜,根据频谱中心能量判别参考透镜的轴向最佳位置,利用物理方法对多次相位畸变进行校正.在相位校正理论分析的基础上,结合实验用参考透镜法验证其有效性和准确性.微台阶表面形貌测量结果表明,参考透镜法能够准确校正相位畸变,通过校正的相位可以获取44nm标准微台阶形貌数据,测量标准差能够达到0.8nm,且测量结果与轮廓仪测量结果一致.表明参考透镜法能够有效、准确地校正离轴数字全息显微系统的畸变相位.     

航空变焦距镜头非线性畸变快速校正方法EI北大核心CSCD

针对航空变焦距镜头的非线性畸变随焦距变化而变化的问题,提出一种地面离线标定和机上在线校正相结合的快速校正方法。利用单参数除式模型校正镜头畸变,根据模板图像中共线点的投影不变性,采用变步长优化搜索方法求解出若干离散焦距下镜头的畸变系数和畸变中心坐标,分析了畸变参数随焦距变化的规律,建立了畸变参数与焦距之间的经验公式。在飞行实验中,将实际工作焦距值代入经验公式得到相应畸变参数对实景图像进行自动校正。对模板图像与实景图像的校正结果表明,该方法能有效校正变焦距镜头的非线性畸变,对3幅不同焦距下的720 pixel×576 pixel模板图像校正平均均方差约为2.68 pixel,平均校正时间约为4.82 s。该方法具有效率高,便于自动化实现和工程应用的优点。     

基于畸变率的图像几何校正

大视场成像光学系统中的畸变会降低图像质量，必须预以校正。提出一种新的校正方法，即根据畸变率的定义推导出畸变校正公式。根据公式，在镜头畸变率已知的情况下可以很容易地校正畸变。对于畸变率未知的情况，给出了建立畸变模型的方法，通过畸变模型可近似计算畸变率。得出通过控制畸变模型中某一个形状的参数可以控制畸变量大小的结论。提出的方法已经在实际工程中采用。实践证明，这种模型可以满足大多数镜头的畸变校正要求。     

基于EMD的谱峭度方法在滚动轴承故障检测中的应用

传统谱峭度方法通常采用基于短时傅里叶变换(Short Time Fourier Transform,STFT)的峭度图方法来实现。针对STFT不能保证对瞬态脉冲这种高度非平稳信号最优的分解效果的缺点,提出一种基于经验模式分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition ,EMD)的谱峭度方法。该方法首先利用EMD和Hilbert变换得到信号的时频分布,然后将信号的时频分布按照不同层数分成若干频段,通过计算各频段的峭度值得到相应的峭度图,再根据峭度最大原则选择滤波频段进行带通滤波,最后对滤波信号采用包络分析确定故障信息。实验结果表明：相比传统基于STFT的谱峭度方法,本文方法更能准确的获得轴承加速度信号的故障特征频率信息。     

Sound transmission loss of foam-filled honeycomb sandwich panels using statistical energy analysis and theoretical and measured dynamic properties

Comparisons between the experimental and predicted sound transmission loss values obtained from statistical energy analysis are presented for two foam-filled honeycomb sandwich panels. Statistical energy analysis (SEA) is a modeling procedure which uses energy flow relationships for the theoretical estimation of the sound transmission through structures in resonant motion. The accuracy of the prediction of the sound transmission loss using SEA greatly depends on accurate estimates of: (1) the modal density, (2) the internal loss factor, and (3) the coupling loss factor parameters of the structures. A theoretical expression for the modal density of sandwich panels is developed from a sixth-order governing equation. Measured modal density estimates of the two foam-filled honeycomb sandwich panels are obtained by using a three-channel spectral method with a spectral mass correction to allow for the mass loading of the impedance head. The effect of mass loading of the accelerometer is corrected in the estimations of both the total loss factor and radiation loss factor of the sandwich panels.     

Effects of degradation of intensity, time, or frequency content on speech intelligibility for normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners

Many hearing-impaired listeners suffer from distorted auditory processing capabilities. This study examines which aspects of auditory coding (i.e., intensity, time, or frequency) are distorted and how this affects speech perception. The distortion-sensitivity model is used: The effect of distorted auditory coding of a speech signal is simulated by an artificial distortion, and the sensitivity of speech intelligibility to this artificial distortion is compared for normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners. Stimuli (speech plus noise) are wavelet coded using a complex sinusoidal carrier with a Gaussian envelope (1/4 octave bandwidth). Intensity information is distorted by multiplying the modulus of each wavelet coefficient by a random factor. Temporal and spectral information are distorted by randomly shifting the wavelet positions along the temporal or spectral axis, respectively. Measured were (1) detection thresholds for each type of distortion, and (2) speech-reception thresholds for various degrees of distortion. For spectral distortion, hearing-impaired listeners showed increased detection thresholds and were also less sensitive to the distortion with respect to speech perception. For intensity and temporal distortion, this was not observed. Results indicate that a distorted coding of spectral information may be an important factor underlying reduced speech intelligibility for the hearing impaired.     

A time domain correction method for Doppler-distortion signal from acoustic moving source

Doppler effect widely exists in the signal from the moving acoustic source. In order to solve such problems as frequency shift and frequency band expansion, a time domain cor- rection method is presented in this paper. First, the discrete time vector for interpolation and the amplitude restoration formula is derived based on the moving relationship and the Morse acoustic theory, then the amplitude weights are corrected and the distortion signal is interpolated. Every point of the discrete signal is operated separately in time domain. Compared with the existing frequency domain methods, this method does not need to know the characteristic frequency beforehand and would not be influenced by the blending of the frequency band. Hence, this method can be employed to correct multiple frequency signals and it is also a simple and effective Doppler effect reduction method.     

书籍扫描图像畸变参数自动计算精度的提高

建立了一个数据文件,用于存储一些在不同弯曲状态下书籍扫描图像页边灰度的曲线数据以及对应的多项式系数。利用多项式来描述在某种弯曲状态下像素灰度与页面上的对应点到扫描仪工作平面之间的距离关系。任意弯曲状态下的书籍扫描图像可以在数据文件中搜索到与其最接近的弯曲状态,并利用对应的多项式系数自动求得最佳畸变参数,用于图像的畸变校正实验,获得了较好的校正效果,最大误差由未校正时的63%下降到了4.4%。这使得在无需人工测量或调整畸变参数的条件下可自动校正书籍扫描图像。     

基于FPGA的图像畸变矫正算法研究

在机器视觉中需要对采集到的带有畸变的图像进行矫正。为了提高对畸变图像校正的实时性,针对使用FPGA实现图像畸变矫正算法时,存在的在线计算逆向映射坐标复杂和片上ROM容量不够问题,压缩了逆向映射表,并在FPGA上利用插值方法在线重建了逆向映射表。通过查找重建的逆向映射表来获取逆向映射坐标,从而降低了FPGA的在线计算量和片上ROM的容量需求。MATLAB仿真结果显示,当压缩参数n分别取4、8、16时都能够对畸变图像进行较好的矫正,并且图像信息不会丢失。仿真结果验证了算法的有效性,该算法可用于基于FPGA的图像畸变矫正。     

Line-based camera calibration with lens distortion correction from a single image

Camera calibration is a fundamental and important step in many machine vision applications. For some practical situations, computing camera parameters from merely a single image is becoming increasingly feasible and significant. However, the existing single view based calibration methods have various disadvantages such as ignoring lens distortion, requiring some prior knowledge or special calibration environment, and so on. To address these issues, we propose a line-based camera calibration method with lens distortion correction from a single image using three squares with unknown length. Initially, the radial distortion coefficients are obtained through a non-linear optimization process which is isolated from the pin-hole model calibration, and the detected distorted lines of all the squares are corrected simultaneously. Subsequently, the corresponding lines used for homography estimation are normalized to avoid the specific unstable case, and the intrinsic parameters are calculated from the sufficient restrictions provided by vectors of homography matrix. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, both simulative and real experiments have been carried out and the results show that the proposed method is robust under general conditions and it achieves comparable measurement accuracy in contrast with the traditional multiple view based calibration method using 2D chessboard target.     

大孔径静态干涉成像光谱仪径向畸变导致的谱线偏移误差的校正

为提高大孔径静态干涉成像光谱仪在视场增大时的光谱定标精度,减小径向畸变对光谱精度的影响,本文提出一种基于光谱——畸变关联模型的光谱定标系数修正方法,给出了波数和波长修正公式.采用594.1?nm和632.8?nm气体激光器对成像光谱仪进行了光谱成像实验,并对数据进行了处理和分析.结果表明,当存在0.3％的桶形畸变时,边...     

Geometric distortion in clinical MRI systems Part II: correction using a 3D phantom

In this paper, we present the correction of the geometric distortion measured in the clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems reported in the preceding paper (Part I) using a 3D method based on the phantom-mapped geometric distortion data. This method allows the correction to be made on phantom images acquired without or with the vendor correction applied. With the vendor's 2D correction applied, the method corrects for both the "residual" geometric distortion still present in the plane in which the correction method was applied (the axial plane) and the uncorrected geometric distortion along the axis normal to the plane. The evaluation of the effectiveness of the correction using this new method was carried out through analyzing the residual geometric distortion in the corrected phantom images. The results show that the new method can restore the distorted images in 3D nearly to perfection. For all the MRI systems investigated, the mean absolute deviations in the positions of the control points (along x-, y- and z-axes) measured on the corrected phantom images were all less than 0.2 mm. The maximum absolute deviations were all below approximately 0.8 mm. As expected, the correction of the phantom images acquired with the vendor's correction applied in the axial plane performed equally well. Both the geometric distortion still present in the axial plane after applying the vendor's correction and the uncorrected distortion along the z-axis have all been "restored."     

一种用于红外目标信号接收的稳健匹配滤波算法

针对远距离红外探测目标信号的不确定性问题,提出一种稳健的红外信号匹配滤波新算法.定性分析了红外探测目标的有用信号谱畸变来源,基于巴什瓦定理建立了目标信号的不确定谱模型,并分析了信号谱畸变的相关因子.利用极大极小方法构建稳健匹配滤波的信噪比输出鞍点解,并基于内层极大和外层极小的二层遗传优化算法求解鞍点解和最不利信号频谱,...