The Larmor nutation

The classical non-relativistic problem of the motion of a charged particle in an external central force field and a weak uniform magnetic field is revisited to show that the motion of the kinetic angular momentumL = r × p of the particle, in the so-called Larmor approximation, is not a simple precession but is actually a composite motion involving precession as well as a high frequency nutation. The precession-nutation motion ofL is discussed in the Larmor approximation when the Larmor-frame-orbit of the charged particle is an ellipse (or a circle) for the case of the two central forces namely the Coulomb and the Hooke-law-force, which are the only two central forces known to permit closed orbits.     

Larmor labeling development

The first applications of polarized neutrons were to distinguish magnetic from nuclear scattering amplitudes. Much later the first set-ups for measuring the precession phase of the polarization passing a magnetic field were realized. This phase, determined by the field strength and interaction time, could label magnetic fields, wavelength of the neutrons and length over which the field is present. The latter could be used by proper shaping of the magnetic field to label also the direction of transmitted neutrons. The advantage of this labeling is that high precision measurements are possible without strong confinement of the beam by diaphragms. An overview of the use of Larmor labeling of polarized neutrons is given for applications in magnetism, in inelastic neutron scattering and small angle scattering.     

Zero-field and Larmor spinor precessions in a neutron polarimeter experiment

We present a neutron polarimetric experiment where two kinds of spinor precessions are observed: one is induced by different total energy of neutrons (zero-field precession) and the other is induced by a stationary guide field (Larmor precession). A characteristic of the former is the dependence of the energy-difference, which is in practice tuned by the frequency of the interacting oscillating magnetic field ωR. In contrast the latter completely depends on the strength of the guide field, namely Larmor frequency ωL. Our neutron-polarimetric experiment exhibits individual tuning as well as specific properties of each spinor precession, which assures the use of both spin precessions for multi-entangled spinor manipulation.     

原子Larmor旋进产生机理的简易描述

用一种简易方法对原子Ｌａｒｍｏｒ旋进的产生机理作出描述。     

Larmor precession and dwell time of a particle scattered by a quantum well

The Larmor precession of a neutral spin- particle in a uniform constant magnetic field confined to the region of a one-dimensional rectangular potential well is investigated. The spin precession serves as a clock to measure the time spent by a quantum particle dwelling at a potential well. With the help of a general spin coherent state it is explicitly shown that the spin precession time is equal to the dwell time. The comparison of the time in a potential well with that in free space shows apparent superluminality.     

角速度突变三例

分析了角速度突变的三个例子,以加深对角动量及角动量守恒的认识。     

一种新的角动量守恒演示实验仪

介绍了新研制成功的一种物理演示实验仪,它是以进动过程中突然除去进动的原因而使进动中止的方式来演示角动量守恒的．实验仪结构简单,操作方便,反映的物理原理深刻．     

Finite Larmor radius magnetohydrodynamic analysis of the ballooning modes in tokamaks

In this paper,the effect of finite Larmor radius (FLR) on high n ballooning modes is studied on the basis of FLR magnetohydrodynamic (FLR-MHD) theory.A linear FLR ballooning mode equation is derived in an ’s α’ type equilibrium of circular-flux-surfaces,which is reduced to the ideal ballooning mode equation when the FLR effect is neglected.The present model reproduces some basic features of FLR effects on ballooning mode obtained previously by kinetic ballooning mode theories.That is,the FLR introduces a real frequency into ballooning mode and has a stabilising effect on ballooning modes (e.g.,in the case of high magnetic shear s ≥ 0.8).In particular,some new properties of FLR effects on ballooning mode are discovered in the present research.Here it is found that in a high magnetic shear region (s ≥ 0.8) the critical pressure gradient (α c,FLR) of ballooning mode is larger than the ideal one (α c,IMHD) and becomes larger and larger with the increase of FLR parameter b 0.However,in a low magnetic shear region,the FLR ballooning mode is more unstable than the ideal one,and the α c,FLR is much lower than the α c,IMHD.Moreover,the present results indicate that there exist some new weaker instabilities near the second stability boundary (obtained from ideal MHD theory),which means that the second stable region becomes narrow.     

托马斯效应的简单诠释

托马斯进动的发现对电子自旋概念的确立有重要意义.然而,其物理图像及结论多是采用洛伦兹变换进行连续微分推导而出,过程较为繁杂,掌握难度也较大,在原子物理学教学过程中很难描述.本文通过狭义相对论中长度在运动方向缩短的概念,从电子绕行原子实一周时,在原子实坐标系和电子随动坐标系中最终角度差的积分效应出发,非常简单的论证了1/...     

Larmor time and proper time

The idea of a Larmor clock is reexamined in the relativistic regime. We propose a concept of proper time for quantum theoretical particles. The Larmor clock can measure, under some relevant conditions, the proper time that passes while the particle stays in a space region. Our approach to Larmor clock is different than those of other researchers in the following two aspects: our concept of Larmor clock does not distinguish whether the particle is transmitted or reflected at the end of its stay, and pointer of our Larmor clock is not the spin but the total angular momentum.     

Some recent results using spin echo resolved grazing incidence scattering (SERGIS)

The advantages of neutrons for probing bulk structures are well known: they provide statistically averaged correlation functions over a large range of length scales and they are sensitive to light atoms such as hydrogen. These same qualities are, in principle, useful in the study of surfaces and buried morphologies in thin films, especially when the films are polymeric or biological. However, because of the limited sample volume for such systems, the scattering is weak, especially if the neutron beam has to be severely collimated in order to resolve distances of interest (typically 10 to several 100 nm parallel to the surface of the sample). SERGIS is a technique that can potentially overcome these limitations by allowing high resolution measurements of lateral surface structure without requiring tight beam collimation. In this paper we discuss recent progress towards implementing SERGIS both at the Low Energy Neutron Source at Indiana University and on the Asterix reflectometer at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE). The architecture we use exploits a robust symmetry-related cancellation of Larmor phase aberrations. The spatial resolution it achieves closely mimics that of the ideal magnetic Wollaston prisms. To make progress in understanding SERGIS, we have applied it to the measurement of simple diffraction gratings and developed a dynamical theory that accounts quantitatively and without adjustable parameters for all of the data sets we have measured to date. We argue here that, if SERGIS is to be applied to the study of weakly scattering thin films, it will be necessary to develop the technique of dark-field spin echo scattering angle measurement.     

The Thomas Precession and the Transformation to Rotating Frames

The Thomas precession is calculated using three different transformations to the rotating frame. It is shown that for sufficiently large values of v/c, important differences in the predicted angle of precession appear, depending on the transformation used. For smaller values of v/c these differences might be measured by extending the time of observation.     

电磁场角动量守恒定律的简明推导

对电磁场角动量守恒定律作了一种简明的推导。     

氢原子的磁矩--对自旋的讨论之一

利用氢原子的相对论性波动方程计算了氢原子的磁矩。结果表明,现行量子理论中所谓的总磁矩实际上都是由电子的轨道运动产生的,由此提出了所谓的总角动量实际上是相对论性轨道角动量的看法。     

Larmor diffraction measurement of the temperature dependence of lattice constants in CuGeO3

By using the neutron Larmor diffraction method and a setup based on the improved neutron resonant spin echo option ZETA recently installed on the three-axis spectrometer IN22 (CRG beam line at the ILL), we have determined the precise relative evolution of the inter- and intra-chain lattice constants of the paradigmatic spin-Peierls compound CuGeO₃ as a function of temperature. Our results are consistent with previous results obtained by conventional high-resolution diffraction. This method also allows to retrieve independently the sample mosaicities, as well as the widths of various lattice-spacings distributions, thus offering an evaluation of the intrinsic sample quality. In spite of the good definition of the spin-Peierls transition at T_SP=14.1(1) K in our sample, we observe a large distribution of lattice constants (Δd/d?3×10⁻³), while the mosaicity of the sample appears to be quite reasonable (?20′).     

Finite Larmor radius and Hall effects on thermal instability of a compressible plasma

The effects of compressibility, finite Larmor radius (FLR) and Hall currents are considered on the thermal instability of a plasma in the presence of a uniform horizontal magnetic field. For stationary convection, the compressibility has a stabilizing effect whereas FLR and Hall currents have stabilizing as well as destabilizing effects. For (C _pβ/g)<1, the system is stable. The magnetic field, FLR and Hall currents introduce oscillatory modes in the system for (C _pβ/g)>1.     

Influences of finite Larmor radius on wake effects and stopping power for proton moving in magnetized two-component plasma

Considering finite Larmor radius (FLR) effects, wake effects and stopping power induced by proton projectile in two-component magnetized plasma are investigated within a linear response framework. Numerical results show that, FLR lessens wake effects and stopping power, essentially through excitation of collective plasma electron modes.     

Offspec, the ISIS spin-echo reflectometer

OffSpec has been purposely built as a low background, polarised neutron reflectometer with spin-echo for Larmor labeling. The instrument received first neutrons in December 2008 and five of the intended seven modes of operation have now been tested and operated with peer reviewed user experiments. The technical performance of the instrument will be reviewed in each of the modes and future scientific possibilities discussed. Particular attention will be paid to results from spin-echo SANS (SESANS) and spin-echo resolved grazing incidence scattering (SERGIS), where the largest number of measurements have been performed.     

A simple scheme for quantum networks based on orbital angular momentum states of photons

We propose a new quantum network scheme using orbital angular momentum states of photons to route the network and spin angular momentum states to encode the information. A four-user experimental scheme based on this efficient quantum network is analyzed in detail, which is particularly appealing for the free space quantum key distribution. Users can freely exchange quantum keys with each other.     

分子角动量定位和定向布居的制备与探测

利用线偏振和园偏振激光受激拉曼抽运技术，选择性地制备了C2H2线性分子电子基中红外非激活振动模v″2=1的单一转动态J″（X^1∑^ g,v″＝1，J″）的角动量定向布居和定位布居。并从线偏振及园偏振紫外激光光诱导的A^1*Au(v′3＝1）←X^1∑^ g(v″2＝1）的电子跃迁荧光光谱中，直接测定了C2H2（X^1∑^ g，v″=1，J″＝4、7、8、9、10、11、12、13）的角动量定向布居值A^(1)O为0．7－0．8之间，对于J″=2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、11的角动量定位布居值A^(2)0为－0．7－－0．9。这一结果表明，人们可用于上述激光抽动技术可控制C2H2分子在反应前的角动量空间布居。