电磁场角动量守恒定律的简明推导

对电磁场角动量守恒定律作了一种简明的推导。     

Canonical momentum,angular momentum,and helicity of circularly polarized Airy beams

We report a study of the momentum, angular momentum, and helicity of circularly polarized Airy beams propagating in free space. By using the vector angular spectrum representation, the explicit analytical expressions for the electric and magnetic field components of circularly polarized Airy beams are derived in detail. To overcome the drawbacks of classical kinematics formulae when applied to structured light beams, a general canonical approach is introduced to describe the momentum, angular momentum and helicity of Airy beams. Numerical simulation results for the spatial distributions of the canonical momentum, spin and orbital angular momentum, as well as the helicity densities are presented and discussed. This study may provide useful insights into the dynamical properties of Airy beams that may be important in several applications, including the optical control, micromanipulation, and information processing.     

Energy, momentum and angular momentum in the dyadosphere of a charged spacetime in teleparallel equivalent of general relativity

We apply the energy momentum and angular momentum tensor to a tetrad field, with two unknown functions of radial coordinate, in the framework of a teleparallel equivalent of general relativity (TEGR). The definition of the gravitational energy is used to investigate the energy within the external event horizon of the dyadosphere region for the Reissner-Nordström black hole. We also calculate the spatial momentum and angular momentum.     

Energy, momentum and angular momentum in the dyadosphere of a charged spacetime in teleparallel equivalent of general relativity

We apply the energy momentum and angular momentum tensor to a tetrad field,with two unknown functions of radial coordinate,in the framework of a teleparallel equivalent of general relativity(TEGR).The definition of the gravitational energy is used to investigate the energy within the external event horizon of the dyadosphere region for the Reissner-Nordstrm black hole.We also calculate the spatial momentum and angular momentum.     

扭转对称光束的产生及其变换过程中的轨道角动量传递

研究了采用扭转柱面镜光学系统将厄米-高斯光束变换成为具有轨道角动量的拉盖尔-高斯扭转对称光束. 采用本征模式分解的方法分析了扭转柱面镜光学变换系统实现光束变换的原理.利用光束传输矩阵和二阶矩理论分析计算了光束经过扭转柱面透镜变换过程中的轨道角动量传递过程，证明光束与透镜系统的轨道角动量交换发生在第一个柱面透镜处，光束经过第一个柱面透镜后，具有的轨道角动量保持不变. 关键词： 轨道角动量 光束变换 扭转对称光束 轨道角动量传递     

旋转带电体和电磁场的角动量守恒定律及能量守恒定律

对均匀带电薄球壳匀加带旋转问题,由电磁场的角动量定恒守律和能量守恒定律两种方法分别得出了外力矩力其功率的正确正确结果。     

Effects of magnetic field on the evolution of the wave function of a charged particle with an angular momentum

We have calculated the effect of a magnetic field on the evolution of angular momentum eigenfunctions of a charged particle. An additional harmonic potential is supplemented to trap the wave packet. We find the probability density of the wave function is oscillating in the radial direction with a time period determined by the strength of the effective harmonic potential. When the magnetic field is along the z direction, if the initial wave function is an eigenfunction of ${\hat{L}}_{z}$, the probability density of the particle remains axis-symmetric. While for the case of an eigenfunction of ${\hat{L}}_{x}$, it is anisotropic in the x−y plane and rotates with a time period inverse proportional to the strength of the external magnetic field. We also extend the results in a phenomenological way to the case with an external magnetic field that varies harmonically in time.     

Nucleon internal structure: a new set of quark, gluon momentum, angular momentum operators and parton distribution functions

It is unavoidable to deal with the quark and gluon momentum and angular momentum contributions to the nucleon momentum and spin in the study of nucleon internal structure. However we never have the quark and gluon momentum, orbital angular momentum and gluon spin operators which satisfy both the gauge invariance and the canonical momentum and angular momentum commutation relation. The conflicts between the gauge invariance and canonical quantization requirement of these operators are discussed. A new set of quark and gluon momentum, orbital angular momentum and spin operators, which satisfy both the gauge invariance and canonical momentum and angular momentum commutation relation, are proposed. The key point to achieve such a proper decomposition is to separate the gauge field into the pure gauge and the gauge covariant parts. The same conflicts also exist in QED and quantum mechanics and have been solved in the same manner. The impacts of this new decomposition to the nucleon internal structure are discussed.     

用对应原理导出氢原子量子化能量、量子化电子轨道以及Bohr稳定轨道量子化条件

用对应原理导出了氢原子量子化能量、量子化电子轨道以及Bohr稳定轨道量子化条件(角动量量子化条件)     

Br2偶宇称里德堡态的转动结构和电子角动量

由（２＋１）多光子电离方法获得溴分子６８８００－６９６００ｃｍ＾－１范围内的［ΠΠ／２］４ｄ偶宇称里德堡态转动激发光谱，通过对转动光谱的分析，确定了转动常数，Ｂ８１－８１＝０．０８６８８。并对电子角动量进行了标定，角动量Ω＝１。     

Nucleon internal structure: a new set of quark, gluon momentum, angular momentum operators and parton distribution functions

It is unavoidable to deal with the quark and gluon momentum and angular momentum contributions to the nucleon momentum and spin in the study of nucleon internal structure. However we never have the quark and gluon momentum, orbital angular momentum and gluon spin operators which satisfy both the gauge invariance and the canonical momentum and angular momentum commutation relation. The conflicts between the gauge invariance and canonical quantization requirement of these operators are discussed. A new set of quark and gluon momentum, orbital angular momentum and spin operators, which satisfy both the gauge invariance and canonical momentum and angular momentum commutation relation, are proposed. The key point to achieve such a proper decomposition is to separate the gauge field into the pure gauge and the gauge covariant parts. The same conflicts also exist in QED and quantum mechanics and have been solved in the same manner. The impacts of this new decomposition to the nucleon internal structure are discussed.     

电磁场角动量守恒及其应用

由带电体与电磁场相互作用时角动量守恒推导出电磁场角动量及角动量流的具体表达式,讨论了电磁角动量对于深入理解电磁场基本属性的作用以及它在微观物理学研究中的应用。     

Special topics in the quantum theory of angular momentum

Two special topics in the quantum theory of angular momentum are discussed in this article. They are: (i) the relationship between the coupling and recoupling coefficients (for two and three angular momenta, respectively) and sets of generalized hyper-geometric functions of unit argument; and (ii) the ‘non-trivial’ or polynomial zeros of angular momentum coefficients and their classification.     

力矩突变时角动量变化规律的实验演示与分析

给出一种演示刚体在定点运动时角动量与角速度方向的关系,及力矩突变为零时角动量变化规律的实验演示与分析.     

Lie symmetry and Mei symmetry of a rotational relativistic system in phase space

The Lie symmetry and the Mei symmetry of a rotational relativistic system in phase space are studied. The definition, criterion and conserved quantity of the Lie symmetry and the Mei symmetry of a rotational relativistic system in phase space are given. The relation between the Lie symmetry and the Mei symmetry is found. An example is given to illustrate the application of the result.     

Odd-even effect in fragment angular momentum in low-energy fission of actinides

Quantitative explanation for the odd-even effect on fragment angular momenta in the low-energy fission of actinides have been provided by taking into account the single particle spin of the odd proton at the fragment’s scission point deformation in the case of odd-Z fragments along with the contribution from the population of angular momentum bearing collective vibrations of the fissioning nucleus at scission point. The calculated fragment angular momenta have been found to be in very good agreement with the experimental data for fragments in the mass number region of 130–140. The odd-even effect observed in the fragment angular momenta in the low-energy fission of actinides has been explained quantitatively for the first time.      

声波的“漩涡”——声学轨道角动量的产生、操控与应用

具有螺旋形相位位错的声涡旋场近来受到了大量关注,因为其所携带的声学轨道角动量具有重要的理论意义与显著的应用价值。当声涡旋与物体相互作用时可以实现角动量的传递,产生可以远程局域或者旋转物体的力矩,这种力学效应对粒子操控等领域意义重大。产生声学轨道角动量的传统方法需要使用由大量独立操控的换能器组成的有源声阵列或是具有不平整厚度及螺旋形结构的无源材料,限制了其在实际中的应用潜力。为利用平面状的小尺寸器件来高效产生声学轨道角动量,发展了基于共振原理的角动量生成技术。最近,声学轨道角动量被拓展至用于开辟新的多路复用信道,以实现高容量的声学通信。文章详细介绍声学轨道角动量的产生、操控及应用方面的最新研究进展。     

由太阳引力矩引起的地-月系统角动量的变化

导出了地-月系统受到的太阳引力对其质心的引力矩,讨论了由引力矩引起的地-月系统角动量的变化,提出了对理论所预期的变化的观测验证方法。     

Orbital angular momentum of channeling radiation from relativistic electrons in thin Si crystal

We propose to use channeling radiation (CR) from relativistic electrons as a source of high energy twisted photons in the MeV range. We calculate numerically the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of radiation produced by electrons with the energies $155÷2500$ MeV for the axial and planar channeling in the thin Si crystal. We obtain that the average OAM of CR in this case is approximately $1÷6?$ per photon with the photon energies about $1÷2$ MeV.     

光子高阶轨道角动量制备、调控及传感应用研究进展

光子既是经典信息也是量子信息的理想载体. 单个光子不仅可以携带自旋角动量(与光波的圆偏振相关), 还可以携带轨道角动量(与光波的螺旋相位相关). 而轨道角动量的重要意义在于可利用单个光子的量子态构建一个高维的Hilbert空间, 从而实现高维量子信息的编码. 自Allen等于1992年确认光子轨道角动量的物理存在以来, 轨道角动量在经典光学和量子光学领域展现了诸多诱人的应用前景, 目前已成为国际光学领域的研究热点之一. 本综述将着重介绍高阶轨道角动量光束的制备与调控技术, 特别是高阶轨道角动量的量子纠缠态操控、旋转Doppler 效应测量及其在远程传感和精密测量技术中的应用.