Weak Ion Acoustic Double Layers in a Warm Plasma

The analytic solutions of the weak ion acoustic double layers in warm unmagnetized and magnetized plasma have been presented with the fluid equation for ions and an arbitrary equation of state for the hot electrons. It has been shown that double layers solutions exist for both magnetized and unmagnetized plasmas when two Boltzmann model for electrons are considered. The potential, the thickness and the velocity of such type of double layers have been calculated and compared with those for the cold plasma.     

Stimulated Scattering from Ion Cyclotron Wave

A study is made of the stimulated backscattering of electromagnetic ordinary waves from obliquely propagating ion cyclotron waves in a magnetized plasma. It is found that the threshold is considerably lower and the growth rate considerably larger than the corresponding values for backscattering from perpendicularly propagating lower and upper hybrid waves.     

用于放射性核束设施驱动加速器的100MeV强流质子回旋加速器

中国原子能科学研究院得到批准建设HI-13串列加速器升级工程, 目前完成了该工程的初步设计.文章报告主工艺设备——100MeV强流质子回旋加速器的设计方案、设计特点, 总体设计结果及主要技术指标、关键设备(离子源、轴向注入线、中心区、主磁铁、高频系统、引出系统、诊断系统等)的简要设计结果等.     

Resistive Electrostatic Ion Cyclotron Instability in Plasmas

The stability of electrostatic ion cyclotron waves propagating obliquely with respect to the background magnetic field is studied for collisional, fully-ionized plasmas in which there is a relative field-aligned streaming between electrons and ions. It is found that electron-ion collisions, in conjunction with electron streaming, provides a mechanism for instability. The role of electron streaming is to supply a source of free energy and the role of electron-ion collisions is to restrict the field-aligned mobility of the electrons, thus preventing them from establishing a Boltzmann equilibrium. Ion-ion collisions and finite ion Larmor radius are found to exert a stabilizing influence. The instability is analyzed for both current-carrying plasmas and counterstreaming-beam-plasma systems.     

A Study of Small Amplitude Ion Acoustic Double Layers in a Multi-Species Unmagnetized Plasma

We report here analytic solutions for weak ion acoustic double layers in an unmagnetized multi-species plasma having two electron components, each described by a Boltzmann distribution, and two ions of different masses, each described by usual fluid equations. The velocity and the width of the double layers for different amplitude has been studied.     

On the Resistive Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron Instability

An investigation is made on the conditions for validity of the analytical results for the resistive electromagnetic ion cyclotron instability discussed in a recent paper by Lee and Luhmann. The regions of validity in wavenumber space are determined numerically for various conbinations of plasma density, magnetic field, and electron drift velocity. It is concluded that the analytical results are good approximations over a large region of wavenumber space.     

Fast-Wave Resonances near the Ion Cyclotron Frequency

Wave damping has been observed for the fast (compressional) wave at frequencies that are about 10 percent above the second and third harmonics of the ion cyclotron frequency. Preliminary calculations indicate that this shift is the result of collisions. The waves were launched by a 1-turn loop around the cylindrical plasma column and damped in a magnetic beach. The highly ionized hydrogen or deuterium plasma had an average temperature of 2 eV and an average density of about 2.5 × 1020 m-3.     

ECR源低能强流高电荷态离子束四维发射度测量仪的研制

为全面研究ECR（Electron Cyclotron Resonance）离子源引出的高电荷态离子束流品质,获取ECR离子源引出离子束流的横向四维相空间分布,提高向加速器的注入效率,中国科学院近代物理研究所研制了一台高精度Pepper Pot型发射度测量仪PEMiL（Pepper pot Emittance Meter in Lanzhou）。根据使用需求,利用KBr晶体喷涂技术取代传统的CsI闪烁体成像技术,解决了束流光斑重叠效应,获得了边界清晰的束流图像;并开发了相应的数据处理分析程序,以分析处理得到的束流横向四维相空间分布。利用PEMiL获得了75 keV,170 eμA的O5+束流横向四维发射度。分析结果表明:PEMiL测量分析后的束流发射度结果可靠性高,荧光屏电荷累积效应造成的发射度差异不超过25%,PEMiL可作为ECR离子源引出离子束流品质诊断的有效装置。     

Large Amplitude Dust Ion Acoustic Solitons and Double Layers in Dusty Plasmas with Ion Streaming and High-Energy Tail Electron Distribution

Large amplitude dust ion acoustic （DIA） solitons as well as double layers （DLs） are studied in a dusty plasma having a high-energy-tail electron distribution. The influence of electron deviation from the Maxwellian distribution and ion streaming on the existence domain of solitons is discussed in the （M, f） space using the pseudo-potential approach. It is found that in the presence of streaming ions and for a fixed f, solitons may appear for larger values of M. This means that in the presence of ion streaming, high values of the Mach number are needed to have soliton. The DIA solitary waves profile is highly sensitive to the ion streaming speed. Their amplitude is found to decrease with an increase of the ion streaming speed. In addition, we find that the ion streaming effect may lead to the appearance of double layers. The results of this axticle should be useful in understanding the basic nonlinear features of DIA waves propagating in space dusty plasmas, especially those including a relative motion between species, such as comet tails and solar wind streams, etc.     

Formation of Nanostructured Carbon Layers on the Surface of Chlorinated Polymers under High-Power Ion Beam Irradiation

A comparative study of the effect of a high-power ion beam of nanosecond duration on layers of reactive industrial chlorinated polymers (chlorinated polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl chloride) containing a catalytic additive (ferrocene) is carried out. The formation of amorphous carbon nanofiber layers on the surface of chlorinated polymers is revealed. The characteristic diameter and length of nanofibers depends on the type of polymer and irradiation mode and is equal to 30–250 nm and 10 μm, respectively. The growth rate of carbon nanofibers is estimated. Its value might reach ~160 μm/μs. A possible mechanism for carbon nanofiber formation on the surface of chlorinated polymers with the addition of ferrocene under high-power ion beam irradiation is discussed.     

高灵敏度等时性回旋加速器束流相位测量系统

介绍了兰州重离子加速器（HIRFL）束流相位测量装置。该装置的研制基于双平衡混频原理，利用了高频信号混频滤波技术，具有较高的测量灵敏度。通过安装在加速器中的容性感应探针探测等时性回旋加速器束流相位历程，对于调束中获取等时场信息并对磁场进行优化,从而提高引出束流强度和束流品质是非常重要的。该装置通过等时场相位优化实验，检验了相位测量数据的可靠性，测量精度达到±0.5°。     

用于聚焦离子束系统的离子源

介绍了现阶段两种用于聚焦离子束系统的离子源——液态金属离子源和气体场发射离子源的基本原理, 并对比了它们的优缺点。由于目前这两种离子源都难以满足纳米加工领域不断提高的技术要求, 因此提出了一种用于聚焦离子束的新型离子源——电子束离子源, 并介绍了电子束离子源的基本原理, 给出了设计参数、 模拟结果（20 kV的Ar+离子束, 发射度约为5.8×10-5·mm·mrad, 束斑约为1 μm）和初步的实验结果。 There are two kinds of ion sources, Liquid Metal Ion Source and Gas Field Ion Source, used to provide ion beams for the Focus Ion Beam system. The working mechanism of the two kinds of sources is presented and their advantages and disadvantages are summarized. With the rapid development in the nano technology, the requirements are hardly met with these two kinds of ion sources. Therefore, a new kind of ion source, electron beam ion source, is developed for the Focus Ion Beam system. The basic principle of the electron beam ion source is introduced and the design parameters, the result of the simulation (20 kV Ar+, extracted emittance is 5.8×10-5π·mm·mrad, raduis of the ion beam about 1 μm.) and the primary experimental results are presented     

对ECR离子源多极磁场结构的改进

Experiments have shown that especially the radial magnetic field component plays a crucial role in the production of highly charged ions with Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources(ECRIS).However, in several room temperature operating ECRISs the radial magnetic field strength is below the optimum value, mainly due to the limits in permanent magnet technology.Remarkable radial magnetic field improvement can be reached with a relatively simple and cost-effective idea called Modified MultiPole Structure(MMPS).The MMPS differs strongly from the former structures because here the magnetic field is increased only locally without affecting the plasma size.The idea was studied experimentally with a new MMPS plasma chamber prototype,which was designed and constructed for the JYFL 6.4GHz ECRIS.The new chamber is versatile and made it possible to perform several new types of measurements.These showed that the MMPS is especially applicable to increase very high charge-state ion production.Typically the ion current increases more than a factor of 2 in the case of highly charged ions such as Ar~(16 ).     

Instability of Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron Harmonic Waves in Plasmas

The stability of electromagnetic ion cyclotron harmonic waves propagating normal to an external magnetic field is studied for plasmas whose ions possess loss cone type velocity distributions. It is found that, if the ions are stationary, no instability develops except in the extreme case when the ratio of parallel to perpendicular "temperatures" of the ions is of the order mi/me, where mi and me are the ion and electron masses respectively. However, for the case of two counterstreaming ion beams in a neutralizing background of electrons, instability at zero frequency and near the first several ion cyclotron harmonics can occur if the streaming velocity is of the order of the electron thermal speed.     

强流金属离子束材料表面改性研究

综合评述了本课题组在金属离子注入钢强化机理、表面摩擦学、抗磨损特性、离子注入表面热化学效应、硅化物合成、表面抗氧化和抗腐蚀研究中所取得的新的实验结果． A review of our research work is given in this paper. It is about strengthening mechanism; surface trobology; resistance in wear, oxidation and corrosion; thermal atom chemistry in steel during ion implantation; silicides synthesis.     

Double Layers and Circuits in Astrophysics

As the rate of energy release in a double layer with voltage ?V is P ? I?V, a double layer must be treated as a part of a circuit which delivers the current I. As neither double layer nor circuit can be derived from magnetofluid models of a plasma, such models are useless for treating energy transfer by means of double layers. They must be replaced by particle models and circuit theory. A simple circuit is suggested which is applied to the energizing of auroral particles, to solar flares, and to intergalactic double radio sources. Application to the heliospheric current systems leads to the prediction of two double layers on the sun's axis which may give radiations detectable from Earth. Double layers in space should be classified as a new type of celestial object (one example is the double radio sources). It is tentatively suggested that X-ray and ?-ray bursts may be due to exploding double layers (although annihilation is an alternative energy source). A study of how a number of the most used textbooks in astrophysics treat important concepts such as double layers, critical velocity, pinch effects, and circuits is made. It is found that students using these textbooks remain essentially ignorant of even the existence of these concepts, despite the fact that some of them have been well known for half a century (e.g., double layers, Langmuir, 1929; pinch effect, Bennet, 1934).     

Gradient Driven Azimuthal Ion Acoustic Waves

An instability of a magnetized plasma column in the frequency range has been identified as an ion acoustic one. The waves are azimuthally driven by the electron diamagnetic velocity due to the radial gradient of a fast electron tail. The strongest peaks in the frequency spectrum correspond to m = 6 or 8 wave lengths on one turn. This selection can be explained as an optimum value between increasing growth rate and the resonance disturbing phase mismatch at higher mode numbers.     

Ion-Acoustic Solitary Waves near Double Layers

The possibility of ion-acoustic solitary-wave solutions in the uniform plasma on the high-potential side of double layer is investigated. Based on a fluid model of the double layer, it is found that both compressive and rarefactive solitary waves are allowed. Curves are presented which show the regions in parameter space in which these solutions exist.     

高频ECR离子源的最新进展

As they are first optimized for their ion losses,ECRISs are always under a fundamental compromise: having high losses and strong confinement at the same time.To help ECR ion source developers in the design or improvement of existing machines,general comments are presented in a review article being soon published. In this 160 pages contribution,fundamental aspects of ECRISs are presented,with a discussion of electron temperature and confinement and ion confinement.Then,as microwaves play a key role in these machines, a chapter presents major guidelines for microwave launching and coupling to ECR plasma.Moreover,once ECR plasma is created,understanding this plasma is important in ion sourcery;and a section is dedicated to plasma diagnostics with an emphasis on the determination of electron and ion density and temperature by vacuum ultraviolet(VUV)spectroscopy.Another chapter deals with the role of magnetic confinement and presents updated scaling laws.Next chapter presents different types of ECRISs designed according to the main parameters previously described.Finally,some industrial applications of ECRISs and ECR plasmas in general are presented like ion implantation and photon lithography.Some hints taken from this review article are presented in the following article.