Co-focus experiment of segmented mirror

In this paper, an active optics and co-focus experimental system of segmented mirror is built. Firstly, a support structure of segmented mirror is designed and it is verified by simulation to meet the requirement for the experimental system of segmented mirror. In this system, the large de-focus and tilt/tip errors of the segmented mirror are adjusted by observing the density and contrast of interference fringes based on isoclinic interference theory until the defocus and tilt/tip errors are in the detective range of the Shack–Hartmann. Then, the Shack–Hartmann is used to measure them and they are adjusted by actuators. The actuators are controlled by active optics to realize the closed-loop adjustment and maintenance for fine co-focus of segmented mirror. And the interference fringes are utilized to verify the detective precision of Shack–Hartmann. After the co-focus fine-tuning of the segmented mirror, the tilt/tip residual surface error is better than 0.01λ RMS; the defocus residual surface error is better than 0.01λ RMS.     

Zernike phase sensor for phasing of segmented telescopes

We study an adaptive dynamical feedback system for phasing of segmented mirrors. The system, which combines a Zernike wave front sensor with a feedback loop, is shown to be capable of separating (static) misalignment errors of segmented mirrors from (dynamical) atmospheric turbulence. Our numerical simulations establish that it can retrieve multi-wave segment misalignment error in the presence of large-amplitude atmospheric phase distortion.     

环扇形分块主镜的波面拟合及重构方法研究

用有限元分析获得了环扇形分块主镜的镜面热变形数据,分别用圆域Zernike多项式和环扇域Zernike多项式对其进行了波面拟合,比较了用两种多项式的拟合精度。基于哈特曼-夏克波前传感器对由环扇形镜面热变形引起的畸变波前进行了模式法重构,分析了用上述两种多项式重构时矩阵条件数和测量误差对重构精度的影响。     

空间望远镜分块式主镜共相位调整的优化算法研究

以应用主动控制系统进行分块镜共相位调整的大口径空间望远镜为研究对象,分析了分块式主镜致动器位移与相位误差之间的对应关系以及共相位调整的目标。研究采用一种求解非线性约束问题的序列二次规划法优化求解主镜致动器的位移控制指令,校正分块式主镜相位误差。数学仿真结果表明,应用序列二次规划法对分块式主镜进行共相位调整优化,控制精度得到了很大地提高。     

空间望远镜分块式主镜建模与面形控制方法

空间望远镜分块式主镜的面形是由其背后布置的若干致动器控制的,是一个复杂的控制系统。应用BP神经网络的方法建立了以致动器作用力作为输入、镜面形变的Zernike多项式拟合系数作为输出的镜面形变模型。利用镜面有限元分析的大量数据对该模型进行了离线训练,并在最小二乘法的基础上,设计了加入单纯形修正算法的主镜面形静态控制器。仿真结果表明,应用该控制器对空间望远镜进行在线控制,控制精度优于最小二乘控制法。     

拼接式合成孔径光学系统的失调误差分析研究

拼接式合成孔径光学系统对系统误差分配有特殊要求,子镜失调将严重改变波前分布,影响系统成像。对一个拼接镜面的卡式原理演示系统进行了误差分析论证,并使用ZYGO干涉仪进行实测。结果表明,拼接镜面的波前误差RMS值和PV值有特殊关系,但在一定范围内仍可获得较好的MTF曲线。     

A novel hybrid surface micromachined segmented mirror for large aperture laser applications

A novel hybrid surface micromachined segmented mirror array is described. This device is capable of scaling to large apertures for correcting time-varying aberrations in laser applications. Each mirror is composed of bottom electrode, support part, and mirror plate, in which a T-shaped beam structure is used to support the mirror plate. It can provide mirror with vertical movement and rotation around two horizontal axes. The test results show that the maximum deflection along the vertical direction of the mirror plate is 2μm, while the rotation angles around x and y axes are ±2.3° and ±1.45°, respectively.     

拼接式望远镜主镜衍射效应研究

拼接式主镜的设计使超大口径望远镜的构想成为现实。为了研究拼接式望远镜的成像性能,精确分析和量化了拼接式主镜构型、平移误差、倾斜误差对衍射效应的影响,从拼接式光学系统的成像原理出发,基于齐次坐标变换建立了拼接式主镜的光瞳模型,并仿真分析了拼接主镜构型对衍射效应的影响。分析结果表明:对于不同构型的拼接主镜,其衍射效应受拼接主镜的填充因子和孔径间隔共同影响,填充因子越高,孔径间隔越小,系统成像质量越好。以典型的拼接主镜构型为例,分别仿真分析了单个子镜平移误差、倾斜误差和拼接主镜整体平移误差、倾斜误差对衍射效应的影响。分析结果表明:对于单个子镜,平移误差对远场衍射的影响具有周期性;对于拼接主镜整体,当子镜piston误差的均方根值小于0.039λ时,斯特列尔比大于0.95;当子镜tip-tilt误差的均方根值小于0.036λ时,斯特列尔比大于0.95。分析结果为拼接式望远镜的成像性能分析、主镜的构型设计、平移误差和倾斜误差的检测与调整等提供了依据。     

大口径反射镜加工机床在线检测高精度对准方法

本文提出了基于特殊点对靶标的快速对准装置,实现机床加工臂和检测臂初始扫描位置自动高精度复位。靶标由外围区域四组放大倍率标定点对和中心区域大小对准点对组成;对准装置经初次使用前的畸变校正后,每次自动识别靶标区域完成自动对焦;根据外围点对进行放大倍率标定;自动识别中心大小点对并对其进行坐标定位;根据当前点对靶标位置计算与理想位置角度量和平移量偏差,指导机床转台和导轨互相配合,迭代调整直至完成精确对准。实验表明该方法对准精度约为5 μm,优于几十μm的机械定位精度,更利于实现超高精度光学加工的快速收敛,提高大口径反射镜加工效率。     

多程放大腔镜准直研究

 针对高功率激光装置对多程放大器腔镜准直的要求,利用小孔的像传递和光路自动准直的原理,设计出一套创新的腔镜准直调整方法,并且在SG-Ⅲ原型装置4程放大模拟实验平台上进行了实验验证。实验结果表明：自动准直系统能够在15min之内顺利完成主放大级系统的光路调整,光束近场调整精度值小于近场光斑直径的0.5%,光束远场调整精度小于0.3"。     

多程放大腔镜准直研究

针对高功率激光装置对多程放大器腔镜准直的要求,利用小孔的像传递和光路自动准直的原理,设计出一套创新的腔镜准直调整方法,并且在SG-Ⅲ原型装置4程放大模拟实验平台上进行了实验验证。实验结果表明：自动准直系统能够在15min之内顺利完成主放大级系统的光路调整,光束近场调整精度值小于近场光斑直径的0.5%,光束远场调整精度小于0.3"。     

Study on the design and Zernike aberrations of a segmented mirror telescope

The segmented mirror telescope is widely used. The aberrations of segmented mirror systems are different from single mirror systems. This paper uses the Fourier optics theory to analyse the Zernike aberrations of segmented mirror systems. It concludes that the Zernike aberrations of segmented mirror systems obey the linearity theorem. The design of a segmented space telescope and segmented schemes are discussed, and its optical model is constructed. The computer simulation experiment is performed with this optical model to verify the suppositions. The experimental results confirm the correctness of the model.     

利用离轴三反镜光学系统确定各镜的装调公差

利用条纹泽尼克系数与赛德尔像差的关系,在三反镜光学系统的出瞳面上,用条纹泽尼克系数来表示系统的波像差。通过光学设计软件Zemax计算得到三反镜光学系统各镜的装调公差,以公差要求高的镜面作为装调基面,从而减少要调整的自由度。通过分析泽尼克(Zernike)系数在公差范围内的变化幅度来确定光学系统在出瞳面上各个像差的变化幅度,用该幅度的变化量来决定主次三镜各自由度在各个方向上的敏感度,最终确定各个自由度的优化调整级别。对一大口径无遮拦离轴三反镜光学系统进行了装调,在波长λ=632.8nm的条件下进行了检测。结果表明:整个光学系统全视场波前误差的均方根值RMS=0.108λ。     

光学遥感器轻质反射镜的结构—热优化设计

针对在轻质反射镜结构设计中通常只根据力学性能对镜体结构参数进行优化的现状,提出了对轻质反射镜进行结构 热优化设计的理论与方法。通过建立反射镜体的参数化有限元模型,在保证一定的轻量化率和较小的自重变形的前提下,以减小反射镜体的热变形为优化目标,对镜体结构参数进行二次优化设计,结果表明经过结构 热优化设计的镜体相比于原设计方案,在相同的波面误差指标下能够承受更大的温度载荷,热稳定性得到显著提高。     

Aberration-correction results from a segmented microelectromechanical deformable mirror and a refractive lenslet array

Quadratic aberration is successfully corrected with a segmented microelectromechanical deformable mirror in conjunction with a refractive lenslet array. Use of the lenslet array greatly improves the effective fill factor of the correcting element. Experimental results show correction approaching the diffraction limit for an extreme spherical aberration.     

用于拼接子镜相位误差检测的低相干光谱干涉系统分析

针对大口径望远镜拼接式主镜,提出一种基于迈克尔逊干涉原理的低相干光谱干涉检测系统.应用该系统对拼接子镜间相位失调误差进行实时检测,进而对失调子镜进行相应校正,以实现拼接子镜的共面排布.子镜间相位误差通过干涉图形间的不匹配性进行提取.给出了该低相干光谱干涉检测系统的具体结构,叙述了该干涉检测系统的检测原理.针对该系统的干涉条纹对比度V及系统的最低信噪比SNRdBmin进行了分析,论证了通过该低相干光谱干涉检测系统进行子镜间相位误差检测的可行性.     

Coherent combination of two ytterbium fiber amplifier based on an active segmented mirror

To control the phase noise of two ytterbium fiber amplifiers, a coherent combination system based on an active segmented mirror (ASM) has been established in our laboratory. The ASM is controlled by a feed back control loop on the basis of a Peak Rate (PR) algorithm which is realized on a DSP + FPGA hardware control board. Experimental results indicate that when the control loop is off, the far-field interference pattern is blurred and dynamic, while when it is on, the far-field beams interference pattern achieves clear and stable. At two different output powers, the contrasts of the interference stripes are improved from 7% to 19% and 8% to 28% respectively.     

Micro-displacement sensor with multimode fused coupler and concave mirror

Fiber optic displacement sensor is demonstrated using a multimode fused coupler probe and a concave mirror target. It is observed that a focal length of the concave mirror make a significant influence to the displacement response, which illustrates three linear slopes with the second slope peaks at the position that is in vicinity of two times of the focal length. The highest sensitivity of 0.56 mV/mm is obtained with an infinity focal length and it is decreased as the focal length of the concave mirror decreases. The widest linear range of approximately 3.3 mm is observed in the third slope region with focal length of 6.0 mm. The highest linear range obtained with the use of 50:50 coupler.     

空间光学遥感器次镜参数化设计

根据某空间遥感器次镜设计指标要求,采用ANASYS多参数优化设计功能对次镜轻量化进行优化设计。利用UG软件建立反射镜体结构的参数化模型,在ANSYS中将有关结构参数变量指定为优化设计变量,以反射镜体在地面重力作用下的镜面变形误差以及反射镜支撑孔位移为零作为约束条件,结合有限元法对镜体轻量化结构的尺寸参数进行优化分析,得到了轻量化率达到80.635%,镜面面形精度RMS为6.953 nm,PV值为31.317 nm,满足设计要求的反射镜。     

补偿透镜法检验抛物面镜的调整误差分析

本文以抛物面镜为例定量分析了用补偿透镜法检测其面形误差时调整误差的特点及其对检测结果的影响关系;建立了计算调整误差的数学模型,并给出了计算实例。实践证明,计算和分析结果对指导非球面检测中的调整以及调整装置的设计都有很大实际意义。