加速器质谱测量53Mn及其在地球科学中的应用

宇宙成因核素 53Mn是一种非常理想的地貌演变研究工具。近年来, 随着加速器质谱（AMS）技术的不断发展, 人们已能够进行53Mn的高灵敏测量。介绍了53Mn在地球科学中的应用前景、 国际研究现状及中国原子能科学研究院目前正在开展的53Mn高灵敏AMS测量方法的研究。The determination of cosmogenic 53Mn concentrations found in terrestrial formations has many interesting applications for Earth Sciences. With Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) it should be possible to detect minute amounts of 53Mn. The situation of international research of 53Mn AMS measurement and applications are presented. The AMS measurement method of 53Mn at China Institute of Atomic Energy and its applications prospect are to be explored.     

26Al的加速器质谱测量及其应用

26Al是一个在多个学科都非常有意义的放射性核素。主要介绍了国内外在利用加速器质谱技术测量26Al时所开展的各种测量方法、各自的优缺点和测量灵敏度，并介绍了目前利用^26Al在地球科学、生物医学、核物理以及天体物理等诸多方面的应用研究工作。     

236U及其加速器质谱（AMS）测量

236U是一种长寿命放射性核素, 其半衰期为T_1/2=2.342(3)×107 a, 在自然界的含量极微, 天然铀中 236U/238U的原子比约为～10-14。 目前, 对于236U及其测量的研究报道较少。首先介绍了236U的产生, 并对地球中 236U的总量进行了估算。 概述了236U测定在亿年级中子注量率积分评估、 核环境和核活动监测, 以及地质学等领域中的重要应用。 最后,对国内外加速器质谱（AMS）测量236U的状况进行了综述,报道了中国原子能科学研究院AMS小组通过对同位素干扰鉴别的多方面研究, 初步建立了236UAMS测量方法。 236U is a longlived radionuclide with half life of 2.342(3)×107 a. The ratio of 236U/238U is about 10-14 in the natural Uranium. The origin and production of 236U in globe are introduced and estimated in this paper,respectively. The major applicationsion of 236U as a 100 million year neutron flux integrator,as a “fingerprint” for monitoring nuclear environment and nuclear activity,and as a tracer in geological studies are briefly summarized. The accelerator mass spectrometry(AMS) measurement of 236U in the world and the research on HI 13 tandem accelerator at China Institute of Atomic Energy(CIAE) is also mentioned in this paper.     

~(36)Cl的加速器质谱测量及其应用

长寿命核素36Cl的半衰期为3.01×105a,广泛分布于自然界中。加速器质谱是目前测量36Cl的最灵敏的方法。介绍了36Cl的样品制备及加速器质谱测量方法,重点描述了基于小型化加速器质谱发展起来的测量36Cl的探测方法及其特点,综述了各实验室利用36Cl在相关领域开展的工作及所取得的成果。     

利用加速器质谱方法测量14N(16O,α)26Al反应截面

Al是核天体物理非常重要的一个核素,14N(16O,α)26Al的反应截面可能是天体26Al的一个来源.介绍了利用AMS方法测量14N(16O,α)26Al反应截面的过程,包括靶的照射、化学分离、26Al原子数的AMS方法测量及最后的核反应截面值.The~(26)Al is one of the important nuclide in the astrophysics. The reaction, namely~(14)N(~(16)O, α)~(26)Al, may be one of the origin of the source of~(26)Al in the cosmic. The procedures of the cross section measurement with accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) method are discussed, In this paper, the irradiation experiment, chemical separation and~(26)Al measurement are described. The results of cross-section (around) sub-barrier energies are also represented.     

超灵敏小型回旋加速器质谱计的研制

超灵敏小型回旋加速器质谱计的研制已按预定目标完成,其研究水平居国际领先地位．本文介绍其研制意义和背景,概述设计思想和总体方案,并就其创新学术思想和独特技术路线、以及进一步研究任务,作了扼要介绍． The paper reviews the recent achievement of developing a mini-cyclotron mass spectrometer (AMS) for 14C dating, a key project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China and Chinese Academy of Sciences. The background and significance of the project are briefed. Features of the novel machine, the criteria of its design, the new ideas and unique technical approaches in developing the system are described. Further efforts are being made to improve the mini-cyclotron AMS.     

加速器质谱法测量41Ca及其应用研究

Ca在自然界中含量丰富，其长寿命放射性同位素^41Ca不仅是理想的生物医学示踪剂，同时在地质年代的测定、环境科学和核天体物理的实验研究等方面都有着非常重要的作用．加速器质谱法目前是测量^41Ca的理想方法．文章介绍了用加速器质谱测量^41Ca的方法，介绍了目前的国际研究现状和潜在的应用研究领域以及中国原子能科学研究院在加速器质谱测量^41Ca方面的研究情况。     

基于CaF2靶样的加速器质谱测量生物样品中41Ca的方法研究

为满足⁴¹Ca生物示踪样品测量的需要, 在北京HI-13串列加速器质谱(Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, AMS)系统上建立了以CaF₂为靶样的⁴¹Ca AMS分析方法.生物样品和⁴¹Ca标准样品经过化学分离和纯化, 制备成CaF₂作为靶物质. AMS测量⁴¹Ca时, 离子源引出CaF₃-负离子, 膜剥离后的电荷态选择为7⁺态, 加速器端电压选定为8.5MV, 用充有140mbar P10气体的多阳极电离室探测⁴¹Ca. 结果显示探测器可实现对⁴¹Ca与同量异位素干扰⁴¹K的分辨, 粒子谱中⁴¹K的计数率很低,对⁴¹Ca不形成干扰. 对制备的4个标准样品(⁴¹Ca/⁴⁰Ca在1.785×10^－8—1.750×10^－10范围)的测量结果显示⁴¹Ca/⁴⁰Ca绝对测量值与标称值之间的线性关系良好(r²=0.997),经⁴¹Ca/⁴⁰Ca为1.785×10^－8的标准样品归一化后, S2, S4两个标样的测量值与标称值吻合较好, 但标样S3的测量值与标称值有较大偏离. 估计生物样品的⁴¹Ca/⁴⁰Ca本底值低于8.2×10^－13.     

加速器质谱技术及其在测定36Cl中的应用

 加速器质谱技术（AMS）又称超灵敏质谱技术,是在80年代发展起来的一种超微量核分析方法。它对有些同位素分析的丰度灵敏度达到10（-16）,或者说可探测到10⁴个原子,比普通质谱计的灵敏度高出8-9个数量级。     

加速器质谱14C断代

着重介绍加速器质谱计（ＡＭＳ）１４Ｃ断代方法,北京大学近三年来ＡＭＳ１４Ｃ断代工作,还介绍了夏商周断代工程及其ＡＭＳ１４Ｃ断代工作.The method of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14 C dating, some AMS 14 C dating work in Peking University during the recent three years and the project of Xia Shang Zhou chronology are introduced.     

中国原子能科学研究院的长寿命核素加速器质谱测量及其应用(英文)

加速器质谱是近年来蓬勃发展的一种十分活跃的核分析技术,其应用涉及环境科学、地质学、核物理及天体物理、生物医学等多个领域。中国原子能科学研究院的加速器质谱装置自从1989年建立至今,已经对^36Cl,^10Be,^129I,^26Al,^79Se和^41Ca等多种核素进行了成功测量。介绍了中国原子能科学研究院的加速器质谱计系统、核素的测量原理及几种相关核素的成功应用。The Accelerator Mass Spectrometry facility at the China Institute of Atomic Energy was established in 1989. The measurement methods for interesting nuclides such as ^36Cl, ^10Be, ^129I, ^26Al, ^79Se and ^41Ca etc. have been established and studies on their applications have been carried out. The facility and some interesting applications are briefly introduced.     

SiC Nanostructures Toward Biomedical Applications and Its Future Challenges

The present work reviews current research activities for possible applications of silicon carbide (SiC) nanostructures. The main attention is devoted to emerging biomedical applications which can bring a boon for a healthy society. Highlights toward the widespread of SiC nanostructures in new fields of applications are reviewed and explained. This article surveys some of the recent work using SiC nanostructures in biomedical field, sensing, and energy harvesting including a review on nanostructure biocompatibility research to date.

The review article begins with an overview of the state of art of silicon carbide along with their behavior, properties, and applications of SiC in bulk, thin films, and nanoscale forms, respectively. The multidisciplinary applications of SiC nanostructures are also highlighted. Different applications elaborated are as follows: (1) biomedical/nanomedical applications, (2) nanoelectronics, (3) sensing applications, (4) energy harvesting, and (5) other emerging areas. The possibility for employing SiC nanostructures to be accomplished in upgrading the existing devices is suggested based on their properties. This article is concluded with some challenges for future applications.     

Half-life of41Ca

The half-life of⁴¹Ca has been redetermined to be (1.01 ±0.10)×10⁵ yr from the specific activity of a sample of enriched calcium material and its⁴¹Ca concentration. The activity was measured with a Si(Li) detector via the 3.3-keV X rays emitted in the electron capture decay of⁴¹Ca to⁴¹K. The⁴¹Ca concentration was measured by mass spectrometry. Since our result agrees well with the two most recent half-life measurements of Mabuchi et al. (1974), (1.13±0.12)×10⁵ yr, and Klein et al. (1990), (1.03±0.07)×10⁵ yr, we recommend the weighted mean of these three measurements, t_1/2=(1.04±0.05)×10⁵ yr, as the most accurate value of the half-life of⁴¹Ca.Dedicated to Prof. Dr. P. Kienle on the occasion of his 60th birthday     

THz关键技术及其在生物医学中的应用

THz电磁辐射的关键技术就是THz的产生和检测.本文分别介绍了两种产生THz辐射的方法及其对应的检测方法,较为全面地论述了THz成像技术,详细分析了THz成像技术的成像装置、成像原理及成像过程,并对其在生物医学方面的应用前景进行了重点分析.     

Perturbed angular distributions in 41Ca and 42Ca

Time integral implantation perturbed angular distribution experiments have been carried out for ^41,42Ca in Fe. The results point to interstitial implantation with an average hyperfine field of ?34 ± 8 kG in addition to substitutional implantation. The g-factor of the 3.83 MeV, ($\text{15}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{+}}$) state in ⁴¹Ca has been measured in an external magnetic field and found to be g = +0.32 ± 0.04.     

用HI-13串列加速器质谱装置测量182Hf的研究

¹⁸²Hf的半衰期为(8.90±0.09)Ma, 是一个接近灭绝的放射性核素. 超新星爆炸是自然界中已知的惟一能产生¹⁸²Hf的途径. 因此¹⁸²Hf是研究近1亿年来在地球附近可能发生的超新星事件的理想核素. 另外, ¹⁸²Hf是核工程中特别感兴趣的一个长寿命放射性核素. 精确测量超痕量的¹⁸²Hf对反应堆的设计和核天体物理学以及其他研究领域都是非常重要的. 用加速器质谱有可能实现对超低含量¹⁸²Hf的测量. 在中国原子能科学研究院的HI-13加速器质谱装置上对¹⁸²Hf的测量方法以及样品的化学去钨方法进行了研究, 分别得到了空白样品以及系列标准样品的¹⁸²Hf和¹⁸³W的能量-飞行时间双维谱. ¹⁸²W对¹⁸²Hf计数的贡献是通过测量¹⁸³W的计数归一扣除的. 目前本工作对¹⁸²Hf的测量灵敏度为4.15±10^－11 (¹⁸²Hf/¹⁸⁰Hf比值).