一维有序聚苯胺纳米阵列的制备及电化学储能性能

以导电玻璃FTO为基底电极, 在硫酸溶液中, 分别研究了苯胺单体浓度和恒定电流大小对聚苯胺(PANI)形貌的影响; 同时恒定苯胺单体的浓度和工作电流, 探究了不同类型的质子酸对PANI阵列形貌的影响. 结果表明, 采用恒电流方法可以制备出一维有序PANI纳米线阵列, 而且当苯胺的浓度为0.1 mol/L, 恒电流法的工作电流密度为0.03 mA/cm²时, 所制备的PANI纳米线阵列形貌最佳; 当用HCl, HNO₃和对甲苯磺酸(p-TSA)作为合成PANI的支持液时, 得到树桩状的PANI 纳米结构, 不能得到均一的纳米线阵列结构. 电化学性能测试结果表明, 制备的最佳形貌PANI纳米线阵列的比电容值可达560 F/g; 循环1000周后电容损失率为11%.

Preparation and Electrochemical Energy Storage Performance of One Dimensional Orderly Polyaniline Nanowires Array†

One dimensional orderly polyaniline(PANI) nanowires array were prepared on conducting substrate by using a galvanostatic current method. The effects of preparation factors, including concentration of aniline(0.01—0.3 mol/L), working current density(0.01—0.13 mA/cm²) and kinds of protonic acid(1 mol/L H₂SO₄, HCl, HNO₃ and p-TSA), on the morphology of the as-prepared PANI nanowires were investigated. It was found that the best morphology of PANI nanowires array could be obtained when the concentration of aniline was 0.1 mol/L and the working current density was 0.03 mA/cm². Also, the PANI with uniform nanowires array structure could not be formed when HCl, HNO₃ and p-TSA acted as supporting liquid. The as-prepared PANI nanowire arrays had narrow diameters and were oriented perpendicularly to the FTO, which was beneficial to the ion diffusion when being used as the supercapacitor electrode. The highest specific capacitance of PANI nanowire arrays was measured as 560 F/g at a charge-discharge current density of 1 A/g, and the PANI nanowire arrays also exhibited good capability and cycling stability with capacitance retentions of 89% after 1000 cycles, which is superior or close to some individual PANI nanostructures and PANI composite materials.