三维MXene多孔结构的构建与应用研究进展

MXene作为一种新型二维（2D）纳米材料以其独特的高导电性、高电化学表面活性等特性在多个领域引起了广泛关注。然而，MXene纳米片在自组装过程中出现的紧密堆叠现象导致比表面积急剧下降，降低了活性表面积，从而严重阻碍了它们在能源储存、电磁屏蔽、吸附等领域的潜在应用。构建三维多孔结构是解决MXene组装过程中自堆叠问题的一种有效途径，而且通过不同的组装方法可以实现对多孔宏观结构组成成分、孔径分布以及孔径大小的调控，使得MXene多孔材料在机械性能、电学性能以及光热转换性能等方面得到更好的调整，从而满足不同应用领域的需求。本综述以Ti₃C₂T_x MXene为主要研究材料总结了各种多孔MXene宏观结构的制备方法，讨论了其在电池/超级电容器、电磁屏蔽与吸收、海水淡化、光催化以及传感和环境修复等方面的应用，阐述了MXene多孔结构在各种应用中的贡献与意义，并针对MXene多孔结构的制备、结构调控和应用等方面的机遇和挑战作了论述。

Progress in the Construction and Application of 3D MXene Porous Structures

MXene, as a new two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterial, has attracted wide attention in many fields due to its unique characteristics such as high electrical conductivity and high electrochemical activity surface. However, the compact stacking phenomenon of MXene nanosheets in the self-assembly process caused a sharp drop in specific surface area and reduced active surface area, severely hindering their potential applications in energy storage, electromagnetic shielding, adsorption and other fields. Constructing three-dimensional porous structures is an effective strategy to solve the self-stacking problem of MXene sheets, and using different assembly method can adjust the structure and composition, the distribution and size of the porous structure, which will be greatly helpful to control the mechanical properties, electrical properties and thermal conversion performance of porous structures, and meet the demands of different applications. In this review, focused on Ti3C2Tx MXene as the main material, we summarized different preparation methods of MXene macrostructure, and then discussed their applications in batteries/supercapacitors, electromagnetic shielding and absorption, seawater desalination, photocatalysis, sensing and environmental remediation. The contribution and significance of MXene porous structure in various applications are explained, and the opportunities and challenges in the preparation, structure control and application of MXene porous structure are discussed.