金属组学：高通量分析技术进展与展望

金属组学是系统研究一种细胞、组织或完整生物体内全部金属原子的分布、含量、化学种态及其功能的新兴综合学科，它的提出受到人们越来越多的关注。本文综述了金属组学的研究方法，并对各种方法的特点和局限性做了比较说明．ICP-MS与NAA技术可实现多元素同时定量分析，同步辐射微束CT及μRF，EDX，PIXE，SIMS及LA-ICP—MS亦可实现金属组分布研究．金属组学研究目前正处于发展初期，仍有许多困难特别是分析仪器及方法方面的问题有待解决．已有的金属组形态及结构分析工作大多数采用的是较低效率的分析方法，一些正在发展中的关键技术平台，如HTXAS可真正实现高通量的形态或结构分析．此外，生物信息学有望成为金属组学研究的重要工具之一．

High throughput analytical techniques in metallomics and the perspectives

Metallomics is an emerging and promising research field which has attracted more and more attentions. In this paper, the application of state of art analytical techniques capable of high-throughput quantification, distribution, speciation, identification, and structural characterization for metallomics are critically reviewed. High-throughput quantification of multielements can be achieved by ICP-MS （Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry） and NAA （neuron activation analysis）. The high-throughput multielements distribution mapping can be performed by fluorescence-detecting techniques such as SR-XRF （Synchrotron Radiation-X-ray Fluorescence）, XRF tomography, EDX （Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence）, PIXE （Proton Induced X-ray Emission）, LA-ICP-MS （Laser Ablation-ICP-MS）, and ion-detecting-based SIMS （Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry）. All the techniques for metallome structural characterization are generally low-throughput, such as XAS （X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy）, NMR （Nuclear Magnetic Resonance） and SAXS （Small Angle X-ray Scattering）. If automation of arraying small samples, rapid data collection of multiple low-volume and low-concentration samples together with data reduction and analysis is developed, high-throughput techniques will be available and in fact have partially been achieved. Further, bioinformatics is an important tool in metallomics study.