磁性材料进展

磁性材料大体上分为两类 :其一为铁磁有序的金属磁性材料 ;其二绝大多数为亚铁磁有序、具有半导体导电性质的非金属磁性材料 .5 0年代以前 ,金属磁性材料占绝对优势 ;5 0年代以后 ,非金属磁性材料发展成为磁性材料的主流 ,除电力工业用的高饱和磁化强度FeSi合金外 ,铁氧体几乎应用于各个领域 .历史似乎按螺旋形的方式发展 ,90年代后 ,金属磁性材料又以新的面貌出现 ,3d (4f,4d ,5d ,5f… )合金与化合物、非晶、纳米微晶磁性材料重领风骚 ,其性能远超越铁氧体 .纳米磁性材料将成为新的功能材料 .文章重点介绍了永磁材料与软磁材料 ,其他如磁记录材料、磁致冷材料、磁致伸缩材料等将作简单介绍 .

THE DEVELOPMENT OF MAGNETIC MATERIALS

Magnetic materials can be divided into two kinds,metal magnetic materials which have ferromagnetic order and non\|metal magnetic materials such as ferrites which have mostly ferrimagnetic order and semiconducting properties.Before the fifties,metal magnetic materials were the most widely used.However,after the 1950's,non\|metal magnetic materials gradually replaced metal magnetic materials except for FeSi alloy which is used in the electric power industry because it has higher saturation magnetization than ferrites.In the nineties,new metal magnetic materials,such as alloys and compounds of 3d\|(4f,4d,5d,5f\:)elements,amorphous magnetic materials and nanostructured magnetic materials surpassed ferrites with their superior characteristics.