不同种质肉苁蓉矿质元素分析

矿质元素含量是中药材质量评价的重要指标，且与中药材生长发育、功效物质形成及其疗效发挥密切相关。矿质元素含量及比例因产地、采收时期、采收部位等不同存在差异，但种质是影响中药材矿质元素含量及比例最为稳定和重要的因素。电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法（ICP-AES法）可快速同时测定多种矿质元素，目前已广泛应用于中药材矿质元素含量测定。肉苁蓉为著名补益类中药，其矿质元素含量及比例越来越受到人们关注。该研究以不同花色肉苁蓉种质为材料，经硝酸和高氯酸消解后，采用ICP-AES法测定了不同花色肉苁蓉种质中的矿质元素K，P，Ca，Mg，Na，Fe，Mn，Zn，Cu和Mo含量，并对结果进行统计分析与比较。结果表明：（1）种质影响肉苁蓉矿质元素含量，不同花色肉苁蓉种质中均具有丰富的矿质元素K，P，Ca，Mg，Na，Fe，Mn，Zn，Cu，Mo，但含量具有明显差异。（2）不同花色肉苁蓉种质的常量矿质元素均以K含量和累积量最高，P含量和累积量最低；白色花种质K含量和累积量最高，为15.91 mg·g-1和727.76 mg·株-1；淡紫色花种质P含量和累积量最低，为0.45 mg·g-1和21.80 mg·株-1。（3）不同花色肉苁蓉种质的微量矿质元素均以Fe的含量和累积量最高，Mo含量和累积量最低；黄色花种质的Fe含量和累积量最高，达到了722.33 μg·g-1和30 251.29 μg·株-1；淡紫色花种质的Mo含量和累积量最低，为0.11 μg·g-1和5.12 μg·株-1。（4）白色花种质的K，Ca，Mg，Mn，Zn含量和累积量较高，而淡紫色花种质的K，Ca，Mg，Na，Mn含量和累积量较低。（5）种质影响肉苁蓉矿质元素比例，不同花色肉苁蓉种质中的矿质元素比例存在差异，其中K∶P和Fe∶Mn差异较大，而Ca∶Mg和Zn∶Cu差异较小。结果表明：肉苁蓉具有丰富的矿质元素，种质影响肉苁蓉中矿质元素含量、累积量及矿质元素比例，且不同花色种质间存在较大差异，应引起关注和重视。矿质元素为中药材质量评价的重要指标且影响中药材生长发育，研究结果可为不同花色肉苁蓉种质质量评价、营养价值评价及科学合理施肥提供依据。

Analysis of Mineral Elements in Different Germplasm of Cistanche deserticola

The content of mineral elements in Chinese herbal medicines is an important indicator for the quality evaluation of Chinese herbal medicines and is closely related to the growth and development, the formation of functional substances and the efficacy. The content and proportion of mineral elements vary with origin, harvest time, and harvesting parts, but the germplasm is the stablest and most important factor influencing the content and proportion of mineral elements in Chinese herbal medicines. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) can rapidly and simultaneously determine a variety of mineral elements. It has been widely used in the determination of mineral elements in Chinese herbal medicines. Cistanche deserticola is a famous tonic herbal and its mineral element content and proportion have attracted more and more attention. In this study, using C. deserticola germplasm of different flower colors as materials, the mineral element K, P, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and Mo in C. deserticola germplasm of different flower colors were determined by ICP-AES method after the materials digestion with nitric acid and perchloric acid. The results show that: (1) The germplasm affected the content of mineral elements in C. deserticola. C. deserticola germplasm of different flower colors were rich in K, P, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo, but with significant differences. (2) The content and accumulation of K in C. deserticola germplasm of different flower colors were the highest among macroelements. Especially, the content and accumulation of K in C. deserticola germplasm of the white color flower reached 15.91 mg·g-1 and 727.76 mg·plant-1. The content and accumulation of P in C. deserticola germplasm of different flower colors were the lowest among macroelements. The content and accumulation of P in C. deserticola germplasm of the lavender color flower were 0.45 mg·g-1 and 21.8 mg·plant-1. (3) The content and accumulation of Fe in C. deserticola germplasm of different flower colors were the highest among microelements. Especially, the content and accumulation of Fe in C. deserticola germplasm of the yellow color flower reached 722.33 μg·g-1 and 30 251.29 μg·plant-1. The content and accumulation of Mo in C. deserticola germplasm of different flower colors were the lowest among microelements. The content and accumulation of Mo in C. deserticola germplasm of the lavender color flower were 0.11 mg·g-1 and 5.12 mg·plant-1. (4) The content and accumulation of K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn were with higher values in C. deserticola germplasm of the white color flower, while the content and accumulation of K, Ca, Mg, Na, Mn were with lower values in C. deserticola germplasm of the lavender color flower. (5) The germplasm affected the proportion of mineral elements in C. deserticola. The proportion of mineral elements in C. deserticola germplasm of different flower colors were different. The proportion of K∶P and Fe∶Mn were with significant differences, while Ca∶Mg and Zn∶Cu were with little differences. Conclusion: C. deserticola was rich in mineral elements, and the germplasm affected the content, accumulation and proportion of mineral elements in C. deserticola and there are significant differences among different flower colors. The results should be concerned about and paid attention to. Mineral elements are important indicators for the quality evaluation of Chinese herbal medicines and affect the growth and development. Therefore, the results of this study could provide the basis for quality evaluation, nutrition evaluation and scientific fertilization of C. deserticola germplasm of different flower colors.