FP-1装置铝套筒内爆动力学过程的一维磁流体力学模拟

作为一种重要的柱面会聚冲击和准等熵压缩加载源,磁驱动固体套筒内爆技术已广泛应用于高能量密度物理实验研究.针对FP-1装置驱动的固体套筒内爆动力学过程,建立了含强度的一维磁流体力学模型,并对典型实验进行了模拟.计算获得的套筒内爆速度同实验结果较为相符.模拟结果显示,该装置在40 kV充压条件下,可以将直径3 cm,厚0.5 mm的铝套筒加速至1.1 km/s,内壁速度超过1.5 km/s,同时保持大部分材料为固体状态.内爆套筒与相同材料靶筒碰撞产生的冲击压力约9 GPa.改变靶筒内部填充气体的压力,可以获得不同的靶筒运动速度、轨迹以及反弹半径,以满足不同类型实验的研究需要.

One-dimensional magneto-hydrodynamics simulation of magnetically driven solid liner implosions on FP-1 facility

As an important cylindrical-convergent drive technology, magnetically driven solid liner implosion has been widely used in the high energy density physics (HEDP) experiments for different researches, such as the properties of condensed matter at an extreme pressure, the hydrodynamic behaviors of imploding systems, and the properties and behaviors of dense plasmas. On the 2.2 MA FP-1 facility (with a rise time of 7 μs), implosions of aluminum liners and their impact on target liners are studied experimentally for exploring the applications of instability and ejecta mixing. A one-dimensional Lagrangian code–MADE1D is developed to study liner implosions numerically, which is based on magneto-hydrodynamics model with material strength, wide-range equation of state, Lee-More conductivity, and SCG (Steinberg, Cochran and Guinan) constitutive model. The code is based on the finite difference method. The finite difference equations are written in the covariant form for both Cartesian and cylindrical coordinates which enables the accurate simulation of different load geometries. Numerical results, such as the simulated velocity and radius at inner surface of the liner and target, agree well with the measurements. It shows that FP-1 has the ability to accelerate a 0.5 mm thick aluminum liner with an initial radius of 1.5 mm to a speed of more than 1.1 km/s, and the corresponding velocity of inner surface is more than 1.5 km/s due to the cylindrical convergence effect. In our calculation, most of the liner keeps solid throughout the implosion, though its outer surface is melted due to the Ohmic heating. A cylindrical converging shock about 8-10 GPa can be obtained by setting a target with an initial radius of 8-11 mm inside the liner coaxially. The numerical results show that since the imploding liner is fully magnetized when it impacts the target, the shock and the corresponding reflect release wave run faster than in the unmagnetized target. This means that the target will spall near the liner-target interface, though they are impedance-matched acoustically. The movement of the shocked target can be affected by the pre-filled gas inside. Increasing the gas pressure makes the target lose its velocity quickly, and the rebound radius increases as well. By adjusting the load design and gas pressure appropriately, we can obtain the right implosion process to meet the study requirement.