A quantum circuit design of AES requiring fewer quantum qubits and gate operations |
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| Authors: | Ze-Guo Wang Shi-Jie Wei Gui-Lu Long |
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| Institution: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China2. Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China3. Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology and School of Information Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China4. Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, China |
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| Abstract: | Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is one of the most widely used block ciphers nowadays, and has been established as an encryption standard in 2001. Here we design AES-128 and the sample-AES (S-AES) quantum circuits for deciphering. In the quantum circuit of AES-128, we perform an affine transformation for the SubBytes part to solve the problem that the initial state of the output qubits in SubBytes is not the |0>?8 state. After that, we are able to encode the new round sub-key on the qubits encoding the previous round sub-key, and this improvement reduces the number of qubits used by 224 compared with Langenberg et al.’s implementation. For S-AES, a complete quantum circuit is presented with only 48 qubits, which is already within the reach of existing noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers. |
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| Keywords: | AES S-AES quantum circuit quantum attack |
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