离子液体的前沿、进展及应用

离子液体作为一类新型绿色介质,近年来获得了突飞猛进的发展.离子液体的多项应用研究正在进行中试或工业性试验,甚至已经进入产业化阶段.推动离子液体研究迅速发展的直接动力来源于国际社会对清洁生产、环境保护、循环经济的强烈愿望,以及离子液体本身的科学探索价值和巨大的应用潜力.离子液体不仅可替代传统有机溶剂或酸碱成功用作化工反应和分离的新介质,而且展示了作为新型磁性材料、纳微结构功能材料、润滑材料、航空航天推进剂等潜力,甚至有望成为食品和医药.

Frontiers,progresses and applications of ionic liquids

This article reviews the researches of ionic liquids （ILs） from fundamental to application. ILs, as a new kind of green solvents, have witnessed the rapid growth period, and are entering a new phase of application. In this paper, the multi-scale structures, physical properties, transport phenomena in large-scale ILs bed, and system integration are introduced. A number of typical applications of ILs at lab, pilot or industrial scale are illustrated. Some new applications of ILs are also discussed, such as CO2 absorption, dissolution of cellulose, energy storage material and so on. Moreover, ILs may be used as food and medicine.