近红外光谱在爆炸物粉末表面沾染遥测中的应用

针对爆炸恐怖事件预防和打击领域内的大范围开放空间下制爆运爆可疑人员衣物表面沾染爆炸物粉末检测问题，研究基于近红外光谱的爆炸物粉末表面沾染遥测方法。研制了一套近红外成像光谱数据采集系统，采集了多种爆炸物粉末和沾染基底的近红外反射光谱，制备了多个爆炸物粉末表面沾染样本。针对表面沾染检测应用中爆炸物粉末与沾染基底近红外反射特征混叠问题，利用近红外光谱数据处理技术构建近红外光谱解混校正模型，去除了沾染基底信号对爆炸物粉末目标识别的干扰。针对遥测应用中光源照射不均匀问题造成的干扰（如强光反射造成的光谱信号饱和，光线遮挡造成阴影引起的信号微弱，引起光谱反射率测量异常问题），对目标校正得分图进行有效过滤避免误识别问题。此外，针对背景噪声较大时出现光谱预处理过度造成的误识别问题，利用目标原始光谱反射率均值和得分图综合判别加以校正解决。通过实验验证，提出的方法成功解决了表面沾染特征混叠问题、去除了遥测中光照及其他噪声因素的干扰影响，避免了误分类，在典型背景材质棉麻、化纤布料基底上成功识别分类AP（高氯酸铵）、CL-20（六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷）、NQ（硝基胍）、RDX（黑索金）、TATB（三氨基三硝基苯）、硝娣（工业炸药）、烟花爆竹等爆炸物粉末单质及混合物，验证了系统及方法的有效性和可行性，首次在实验室环境下实现了爆炸物粉末表面沾染遥测成像报警，有效距离可达数十米，具备一定应用价值与发展潜力。

Application of NIR Spectroscopy in Explosive Powder Surface Contamination Remote Detection

Aiming at the problem of explosive powder detection on suspected personnel and clothing surfaces in a wide open space,a remote sensing method of explosive powder surface contamination based on NIR spectroscopy was studied,a NIR imaging spectral data acquisition system was developed,the NIR reflection characteristic spectra of various explosive powder and contamination substrates was measured,numbers of explosive powder surface contamination samples were prepared.In view of the aliasing problem for NIR reflection characteristics of explosive powder and substrate,a NIR spectral unmixing correction model was constructed by using NIR spectral data processing technology to remove the interference of contaminated substrate signal on the identification of explosive powder.Aiming at the interference caused by uneven illumination of the light source(saturation due to strong light reflection and weak signal by shadow),the correction score maps were effectively filtered to avoid misidentification problems.In addition,the problem of false identification caused by excessive spectral pretreatment with large background noise was corrected by using the mean spectral reflectance and score maps.The experiments show that the problem of surface contamination aliasing is solved,the interference of illumination and other noise factors are removed,the misclassification is avoided,AP(ammonium perchlorate),CL-20(hexanitrohexanithine),NQ(nitroguanidine),RDX(blacksorkin),TATB(triaminotrinitrobenzene),Nidi(industrial explosives),fireworks and other explosive powders and mixtures are successfully identified on the substrates of typical background materials(Cotton and linen cloth,chemical fiber cloth),the feasibility of the system and method is verified,the remote sensing imaging alarm of explosive powder surface contamination is realized first in the laboratory,and the effective distance can reach tens of meters,the system has certain application value and development potential.