热电池正极材料的研究进展

热电池是一种热激活贮备式电池,由于其优良的贮存稳定性、放电可靠性等特点,广泛应用于多种军用武器的内部电源。为了满足当前不同军用武器装备的需求,热电池的发展趋于在提高电化学性能的同时实现小型化、微型化。热电池电化学性能的提高主要取决于正极材料的发展,目前对现有正极材料的优化改性和新型正极材料的开发是提高热电池性能的主要方法。本文从合成和改性方法的角度综述了近年来硫化物、氯化物、氟化物热电池正极材料的研究进展,并对其材料特性和放电性能进行了综合评估。最后,基于热电池特殊的应用场景,从热稳定性、放电电压、电导率等方面对热电池正极材料未来的发展方向进行了总结与展望。

Research Progress in Cathode Materials for Thermal Batteries

Thermal batteries are heat-activated batteries commonly employed as internal power sources for various military weapons due to their excellent storage stability, discharge reliability, and mechanical robustness. To suit the present diverse needs of use, the development of thermal batteries realizes miniaturization while improving electrochemical performance. High-performance thermal batteries depend mainly on the development of the cathode, modification of existing cathode materials, and development of new cathode materials are the main methods to improve the performance of thermal batteries. This review provides a comprehensive account of recent studies on sulfide, chloride, and fluoride thermal battery cathode materials and a thorough assessment of their material properties and discharge performance. Finally, based on the specific application situations of thermal batteries, the future development direction of their cathode materials is summarized and forecasted in terms of thermal stability, discharge voltage, and conductivity.