Effect of oxygen on regulation of properties of moderately boron-doped diamond films

Regulation of oxygen on properties of moderately boron-doped diamond films is fully investigated. Results show that, with adding a small amount of oxygen (oxygen-to-carbon ratio < 5.0%), the crystal quality of diamond is improved, and a suppression effect of residual nitrogen is observed. With increasing ratio of O/C from 2.5% to 20.0%, the hole concentration is firstly increased then reduced. This change of hole concentration is also explained. Moreover, the results of Hall effect measurement with temperatures from 300 K to 825 K show that, with adding a small amount of oxygen, boron and oxygen complex structures (especially B₃O and B₄O) are formed and exhibit as shallow donor in diamond, which results in increase of donor concentration. With further increase of ratio of O/C, the inhibitory behaviors of oxygen on boron leads to decrease of acceptor concentration (the optical emission spectroscopy has shown that it is decreased with ratio of O/C more than 10.0%). This work demonstrates that oxygen-doping induced increasement of the crystalline and surface quality could be restored by the co-doping with oxygen. The technique could achieve boron-doped diamond films with both high quality and acceptable hole concentration, which is applicable to electronic level of usage.     

主动射流控制水翼空化的数值模拟与分析

为了改善高速流动工况下水翼吸力面上流场的空化特性,提出了水翼表面主动射流对绕水翼周围流动加以控制的方法.基于密度分域滤波的FBDCM混合湍流模型联合Zwart-Gerber-Belamri空化模型,分析了来流空化数为0.83,来流攻角为8°,射流位置距水翼前缘为x=0.19c时,主动射流对于水翼吸力面上流动的空化特性和水动力特性影响.对回射流的强度进行了量化分析,以探究回射流与流场空化特性的关系.数值分析结果表明,在射流水翼吸力面上的时均空泡体积为原始水翼的1/15,使得流场内空化流动由云空化状态转变为较为稳定的片空化状态,显著地削弱了云空化的发展.此外,射流极大地改善了水翼的水动力性能,使得水翼的升阻比较原始水翼提高了22.9%,空泡的脱落频率减少了26.2%,空泡脱落所引起的振幅减小了9.1%.射流大幅降低了水翼吸力面上低压区面积,水翼吸力面上流体的逆向压力减小,回射流强度降低;同时,射流使水翼吸力面上的边界层减薄,增强了流动的抗逆压梯度能力,一定程度上阻挡了回射流向水翼前缘的流动,这也从机理上分析了主动射流抑制空化的原因.      

Tutorial review on validation of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry methods: Part II

This is the part II of a tutorial review intending to give an overview of the state of the art of method validation in liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC–MS) and discuss specific issues that arise with MS (and MS–MS) detection in LC (as opposed to the “conventional” detectors). The Part II starts with briefly introducing the main quantitation methods and then addresses the performance related to quantification: linearity of signal, sensitivity, precision, trueness, accuracy, stability and measurement uncertainty. The last section is devoted to practical considerations in validation. With every performance characteristic its essence and terminology are addressed, the current status of treating it is reviewed and recommendations are given, how to handle it, specifically in the case of LC–MS methods.     

Molecular signal suppression by in situ microextraction in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

The detailed characterization of complex mixtures by NMR is often hampered by the presence of signals from uninformative compounds, the resonances of which overlap with those of the molecules of interest. We provide here a proof of principle for an approach to NMR signal suppression in complex samples using Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPS). Addition of a few milligrams of polymer to a solution traps the target molecule in typical micromolar to millimolar concentration, thus achieving in situ signal suppression, without altering any other spectral features. This method minimized any manipulation or perturbation of the spectrum and was applied to a complex mixture of known compounds and to a plant extract, in both cases spiked with a compound (bisphenol A), which was subsequently removed by selective binding to a complementary MIP. What is described in this report is comparable with microextraction and may in due course be applied to a large number of analytical challenges. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

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针对强磁场实验装置(SHMFF)的链式高压有源电力滤波方案规划,基于有源滤波系统的非线性特性, 采用分数阶值。PI 控制器替代普通PI 控制器,在此基础上引入粒子群算法优化指令电流PI 控制器参数,并通过 实验对比分析了人工整定的PI 控制器与PSO 整定的PI 控制器的运行效果。经样机实验表明,采用的PSO 算法 整定的电流内环控制器是正确的,且具有一定的参考价值。     

具有区域极点约束的柔性梁鲁棒H∞振动主动控制

本文基于H∞控制理论研究了传感器和作动器非同位配置情况下,柔性悬臂梁的多模态振动抑制问题。采用频域辨识方法获取低阶名义模型,合理选取加性不确定权函数和性能权函数,将鲁棒H∞控制问题转化为标准H∞控制问题。为了避免H∞控制器设计过程中产生的零极点对消问题,在求解过程中引入区域极点约束。比较了鲁棒H∞控制器和不考虑高阶未建模动态的非鲁棒H∞控制器的控制效果,实验结果表明,设计的鲁棒H∞控制器能够有效抑制柔性梁的前三阶模态振动,而且不会发生溢出问题。     

机翼/外挂颤振主动抑制的控制律研究

本文介绍了对机翼/外挂系统的颤振抑制控制律的研究。并用三种控制律的结果进行了风洞实验验证。结果表明:控制律的设计是成功的,理论计算与实验结果吻合良好。 文中重点介绍了两种控制律,它们都是以现代控制理论为基础。首先,把最优控制理论与颤振分析的状态空间法相结合,得到状态反馈。然后导出不同的输出反馈。文中,还讨论了该系统的阵风减缓和稳定裕度。 为对比起见,还给出了在同一模型上,用气动能量概念方法导出的控制律。由此,可看出它们在颤振抑制效益上的差异。     

卫星减振的试验研究

根据某卫星发射对减振性能的要求,本文提出在适配器与星箭界面之间安装整星隔振器并且在适配器表面粘贴约束阻尼层的减振方案。并且利用振动台分别对卫星减振系统施加垂向和横向的基础激励,测量卫星上关键位置处的加速度响应,比较减振前后其频率响应特性的变化,以验证卫星减振方案的减振性能。试验结果的对比分析验证了此卫星减振系统能够隔离卫星高频段的横向和垂向振动,降低卫星结构频率响应的幅值,能够减小运载火箭发射时传递给卫星的环境载荷,提高卫星发射的可靠性。本文对于相关的航天器的减振设计具有实用的参考价值。     

中国聚变工程实验堆真空室超压保护系统中爆破片的选型与计算

参照相关标准，对聚变装置真空室超压保护系统(VVPSS)中爆破片进行了选型。结合VVPSS的工作要求，完成了爆破片的设计计算，初步得到爆破片直径为882mm，厚度为1mm。利用有限元分析软件对多种型号爆破片进行结构分析比较，最终选用了反拱环向开缝型爆破片。对最终选定的爆破片进行优化设计，使其达到设计要求。