基于钼酸盐光度法测定总磷的浊度去除方法

采取新的浊度去除方法,改进了测定总磷的钼酸盐光度法。测定过程中,消解液的浊度会对测定结果产生干扰。通过比较机械过滤法和试剂补偿法的浊度校正效果,建立了中速定性滤纸单次机械过滤的浊度去除方法,确定了最佳去除条件:控制待滤液温度不高于30℃,清洗纯水的体积不少于20 m L。选择消解液具有浊度干扰项的6种代表性水样,分别进行平行测定和加标回收试验,方法检出限为0.008 mg/L,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.8%~7.9%(n=6),加标回收率为92.0%~106%。该方法灵敏度、准确度高,精密度良好,与现行国标法相比,试剂消耗量少,分析效率高,能够满足多种水环境样品中总磷的测定要求。     

Zur quantitativen Auswertung von Mikro-Autoradiogrammen mit dem Densitron

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschāftigt sich mit der Answertung von Autoradiogrammen inhomogen markierter mikroskopischer Strukturen am Densitron. Dazu fertigten wir von herkömmlichen Stripping-Filmen (z. B. ORW O K 106) Mikro-Stufengraukeile an und bestimmten die Schwärzung S_ijeder Stufe photometrisch. Graukeile geeigneten Schwärzungsumfangs dienten dann zur Einstellung der Farbtrigger des Densitrons, so daß sich die bei dieser Einstellung gemessenen Farbflächen F_i des jeweiligen Objektes bestimmten Schwärzungswerten zuordnen ließen.

Als Modellobjekte verwendelen wir erstens Autoradiogramme von ³H-Thymidin-markierten Tumorzellen. Vergleichsmessungen an unterschiedlich lange exponierten, sonst aber identischen Präparaten ergaben eine gute Reproduzierbarkeit der Meßergebnisse. Als zweites Testobjekt dienlen Autoradiogramme einer nur schwach markierten Struktur im Gehirn von Fröschen. Die an diesem Grenzfall erhaltenen Ergebnisse werden mit Meßwerten verglichen, die vom gleichen Objekt mittels Scanning-Photometrie an einem. Mikroskop-Photometer SMP 01 (OPTON, Oberkoches, BRD) gewonnen wurden.     

酶催化光度法测定异丙肾上腺素

试验表明:在pH 9.5氨水-氯化铵缓冲介质中,牛血红蛋白对过氧化氢与酸性络蓝K的氧化还原反应的催化作用因异丙肾上腺素的存在而被抑制,而且其抑制率与异丙肾上腺素的浓度在8.1×10~(-8)～1.2×10~(-5)mol·L~(-1)范围内呈线性关系,其检出限(3S/N)为2.2×10~(-9)mol·L~(-1)。据此,提出了一种简单而灵敏的测定异丙肾上腺素的酶催化光度法。此方法已用于盐酸异丙肾上腺素注射液中异丙肾上腺素含量的测定,并以此样品为基体用标准加入法作回收试验,测得回收率在92.8%～105.4%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在2.6%～5.8%之间。     

基于超限学习机算法的空间目标材质多色测光识别研究

随着各国航天活动的增多,空间目标的数量和种类不断增加,对空间目标进行编目识别是各国空间目标监视领域的重要研究内容。对空间目标进行识别,主要是为了获得其表面材质、姿态、形状、关键载荷等信息,而表面材质信息的获取是开展目标光学特性及状态认知研究的基础。搭建空间目标表面材质多色测光测量系统,整套系统部署在光学暗室内,以减少杂散光对测量结果的影响。光源采用太阳模拟器,光谱等级A级;探测器采用美国ASD公司生产的FieldSpec4地物光谱仪,波长范围350～2 500 nm,光谱分辨率1 nm,光纤置于电控转台上,能对待测样片实现不同观测几何下的测量。利用Johnson-Cousins UBVRI五色分光系统对8种常用表面材质（砷化镓、氧化铝、氧化聚酰亚胺薄膜、黑漆、环氧漆、镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜、钛青蓝漆、白漆）在不同观测几何条件下的10种色指数数据进行实验测量,每种色指数分别测得30组实验数据。采用传统的1-sigma不确定框方法（即对于给定材质的若干组实验数据,计算其每种色指数的平均值和标准差,以平均值为中心,以标准差的两倍为边长画出色指数不确定框）,在最理想的识别情况下,通过R-I和B-R色指数不确定框能对砷化镓、氧化铝、氧化聚酰亚胺薄膜、钛青蓝漆四种材质进行识别;利用B-V和B-R色指数不确定框可以将环氧漆、白漆识别出来,剩余两种材质黑漆和镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜无法通过以上色指数进行识别。但是1-sigma不确定框方法存在两个主要问题：一是需要知道待测材质对特定波段敏感的先验信息,来确定所用的色指数类型;二是识别率容易受测试样本数量的影响,可靠性差。超限学习机算法是一种利用随机化隐层节点和和最小二乘求解方式进行训练的机器学习算法,具备学习效率快,泛化性能好,不容易陷入局部最优解等优势,被广泛应用于对数据的分类和回归分析中。因此引入超限学习机算法,将色指数数据按照2∶1的比例随机分为训练样本和测试样本,共进行三次随机试验。在训练样本中,对每种材质按照1∶8的顺序进行编号,即编号1∶8的测试样本分别有20个,分别包含10种色指数数据;在测试样本中同样对其按照已知归属材质对应编号。采用决定系数和计算时间作为判断ELM算法准确性和实时性的判断指标。结果表明：无论是对单一材质进行识别,还是对所有测试材质样本,训练样本决定系数在0.98以上,测试样本决定系数在0.96以上,每次试验中最多有3组色指数数据无法识别;所需总时间最长在0.07 s内完成,甚至可以达到0.002 s,识别效率和可靠性远高于传统的1-sigma不确定框法,表明ELM算法能对空间目标常用材质进行准确快速识别。相关研究可为空间非合作目标的外形、姿态等状态信息反演提供技术支持。     

Charge coupled devices （CCD） photometry and long-term optical variability of gamma-ray-loud BL Lacertae object Mkn 421

Evidence for the long-term optical curve variability and colour behaviour of the BL Lac object Mkn 421 is presented. Our results show that the amplitude of the optical variations of Mkn 421 is only about {\Delta} B=4.7 magnitude in the B-band for its photometric history from 1899 to 2002. The results of optical photometric monitoring of the Mkn 421 from April 2000 to Jan 2002 are provided. During our observation, Mkn 421 shows significant rapid variations and exhibits short time variability of 2.42 hours in the B band. A strong correlation between the B-V colour index and the magnitude in the B band is found. Our charge coupled device (CCD) photometry of Mkn 421 shows that the measured results are in good agreement with the predicted optical variability period of about 23 years.     

苯磺酰苯胺类药物理化性能的研究

利用高效液相色谱和分光光度法，研究了新合成的5个苯磺酰苯胺类化合物的酸离解常数和脂溶性，结果表明，他们具有较弱的酸性和合适的脂溶性。预计会有较好的抗肝片吸虫活性。     

Acid extraction treatment of sediment samples for organotin speciation; occurrence of butyltin and phenyltin compounds on the cadiz coast,south-west spain

A method is described for leaching of nanogram amounts of mono-, di and tri-butyltin compounds and mono-, di- and tri-phenyltin compounds from sediments. The procedure is based on soaking the sediments in a water–hydrogen bromide mixture (2:3) with magnetic stirring for 1 h followed by extraction with 0.02% (w/v) tropolone solution in pentane for 2 h. Organotins are determined by GF FPD after clean-up through a Florisil column and derivatization by Grignard pentylation. The method has been applied to the study of water and sediments in different areas of south-west Spain. Predominant species are butyltins, especially tributyltin (TBT), which has high values in waters and sediments of Puerto de Santa Maria and Cadiz Bay, as well as in sediments of the Sancti Petri Channel, which suggests a harmful action on biota. A direct relation has been found beween organotin levels and distance of potential focus determined by boating activities. In addition, the relative occurrence of dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT) together with TBT has been noted, possibly as a result of a degractation process, and the influence of grain size of sediment and presence of organic matter on organotin accumulation has been studied.     

萃取色层梯度淋洗和柱后反应光度法连续检测装置

用普通材料自制和组装一套能梯度淋洗和柱后反应光度法连续检测萃取色层柱的流出曲线的设备。详细叙述了淋洗液切换阀、六通样样阀、四通混合器、盘管反应器的制作和将国产原子吸分光光度计改装流动光度计。     

Photometric determination of 2,2-isopropylidenebis-phenol (dian) by reaction with nitrous acid: Identification of the chromogen

Optimum conditions for the colour reaction of dian with nitrous acid in acid medium followed by alkalization with ammonia have been found. Investigation showed that 2,2-dinitrodian is the main product of the reaction, accompanied by a small amount of 2,2,6-trinitrodian. The ammonium salts of those compounds are responsible for the colour.     

Light Emitting Diodes and Phototransistors in Photometric Modules

Abstract

The design and construction of photometric modules is discussed. The cell module consists of a cylindrical cell of desired length with a light emitting diode glued to one end window and a phototransistor to the other. Light losses are thus kept at a minimum and power requirements are extremely modest. Invariance of the light path, good monochromacy and sensitivity, ruggedness and extreme light weight are some of the more prominent advantages resulting from this approach. The control module contains power supplies, circuits and a meter. Only a very few components are needed for monitoring the whole system.