对超重、失重演示实验的改进

对传统的超重、失重演示实验进行了改进,使弹簧秤的指针能静止在超重(或失重)的位置上,从而能准确地读出读数,提高演示效果.     

运动和饮食干预对身体形态和成分以及心血管疾病风险因素的影响

选取30~65岁超重(24kg·m-2≤BMI<28kg·m-2)或肥胖(BMI≥28kg·m-2)男性45名, 受试者被随机分为有氧运动组(n=23)和饮食改善组(n=22)进行为期12周的干预. 结果显示, 有氧运动组和饮食改善组的身体形态指标均得到显著改善. 但与有氧运动组相比较, 饮食改善组的腹围和臀围下降更为明显; 饮食改善组的脂肪和肌肉含量均显著下降. 有氧运动组的脂肪含量也显著下降, 但肌肉含量未有显著变化. 在心血管疾病风险改善方面, 饮食改善组的大部分指标值显著下降或有下降趋势; 而在有氧运动组, 仅发现高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和甘油三酯值有变化. 表明控制饮食减体重可大幅改善超重和肥胖男性的身体形态, 降低脂肪含量和心血管疾病风险; 而运动减体重, 可在降低体内脂肪含量的同时, 不减少或者增加体内肌肉含量.     

Agave fructans and oligofructose decrease oxidative stress in brain regions involved in learning and memory of overweight mice

Obesity is currently a public health problem worldwide. Recently, non-reducing carbohydrates, that include β(2→1) and β(2→6) linkages in their structure, have been of particular interest in the field of obesity because they are involved in lipid metabolism. Some of these are agave fructans (AF) and oligofructose (OF). In this study, we evaluated both AF and OF on oxidative stress (OS) markers in the brain of overweight mice (OM). AF and OF decreased TBARS levels and carbonyls at different levels in hippocampus (HP), frontal cortex (FC) and cerebellum (CB) of OM. The results indicated that fructans may have anti-oxidative potential and can be used as an alternative treatment for the prevention of the consequences of this pathology.     

对超重、失重实验的改进

本文介绍了利用发光显示超重、失重演示器的直观性效果好的特点。     

Identification of a genetic locus on chromosome 4q34-35 for type 2 diabetes with overweight

The incidence of type 2 diabetes is rising rapidly because of an increase in the incidence of being overweight and obesity. Identification of genetic determinants for complex diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, may provide insight into disease pathogenesis. The aim of the study was to investigate the shared genetic factors that predispose individuals to being overweight and developing type 2 diabetes. We conducted genome-wide linkage analyses for type 2 diabetes in 386 affected individuals (269 sibpairs) from 171 Korean families and association analyses with single-nucleotide polymorphisms of candidate genes within linkage regions to identify genetic variants that predispose individuals to being overweight and developing type 2 diabetes. Through fine-mapping analysis of chromosome 4q34-35, we detected a locus potentially linked (nonparametric linkage 2.81, logarithm of odds 2.27, P=6 × 10⁻⁴) to type 2 diabetes in overweight or obese individuals (body mass index, BMI⩾23 kg m⁻²). Multiple regression analysis with type 2 diabetes-related phenotypes revealed a significant association (false discovery rate (FDR) P=0.006 for rs13144140; FDR P=0.002 for rs6830266) between GPM6A (rs13144140) and BMI and waist–hip ratio, and between NEIL3 (rs6830266) and insulin level from 1314 normal individuals. Our systematic search of genome-wide linkage and association studies, demonstrate that a linkage peak for type 2 diabetes on chromosome 4q34-35 contains two type 2 diabetes-related genes, GPM6A and NEIL3.     

超重的物理原理及对人体的影响

本文介绍了超重的物理原理及对人体所造成的影响和相关的防护措施．     

Bertholletia excelsa Seeds Reduce Anxiety-Like Behavior,Lipids, and Overweight in Mice

Overweight, obesity, and psychiatric disorders are serious health problems. To evidence the anxiolytic-like effects and lipid reduction in mice receiving a high-calorie diet and Bertholletia excelsa seeds in a nonpolar extract (SBHX, 30 and 300 mg/kg), animals were assessed in open-field, hole-board, and elevated plus-maze tests. SBHX (3 and 10 mg/kg) potentiated the pentobarbital-induced hypnosis. Chronic administration of SBHX for 40 days was given to mice fed with a hypercaloric diet to determine the relationship between water and food intake vs. changes in body weight. Testes, epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT), and liver were dissected to analyze fat content, triglycerides, cholesterol, and histological effects after administering the hypercaloric diet and SBHX. Fatty acids, such as palmitoleic acid (0.14%), palmitic acid (21.42%), linoleic acid (11.02%), oleic acid (59.97%), and stearic acid (7.44%), were identified as constituents of SBHX, producing significant anxiolytic-like effects and preventing body-weight gain in mice receiving the hypercaloric diet without altering their water or food consumption. There was also a lipid-lowering effect on the testicular tissue and eWAT and a reduction of adipocyte area in eWAT. Our data evidence beneficial properties of B. excelsa seeds influencing global health concerns such as obesity and anxiety.     

超重、失重演示装置的制作

介绍了用简易材料制作超重、失重演示装置的方法及该装置的使用方法。     

胎儿肝铬的动态变化特征与低龄人群肥胖关系的探讨

为探讨胎儿肝Cr含量及其动态变化规律和低龄人群Cr缺乏与超重，肥胖的关系，分析了4－10个月龄胎儿肝Cr含量，并用统计学方法研究了肝Cr与胎儿生长发育参数的关系及影响因素。结果表明，胎儿肝Cr是个变量，并随身长，体重，头围和肝重的增加而降低，导致大龄胎儿处于低Cr状态且持续到儿童少年期，Zn是影响因素之一。揭示低龄人群处于低Cr状态增加了对Cr缺乏的敏感性，Cr缺乏可能是这一部分人群超重，肥胖的成因之一。