Influence of higher harmonics of the undulator in X‐ray polarimetry and crystal monochromator design

The spectrum of the undulator radiation of beamline P01 at Petra III has been measured after passing a multiple reflection channel‐cut polarimeter. Odd and even harmonics up to the 15th order, as well as Compton peaks which were produced by the high harmonics in the spectrum, could been measured. These additional contributions can have a tremendous influence on the performance of the polarimeter and have to be taken into account for further polarimeter designs.     

Upgrade of beamline BL08B at Taiwan Light Source from a photon‐BPM to a double‐grating SGM beamline

During the last 20 years, beamline BL08B has been upgraded step by step from a photon beam‐position monitor (BPM) to a testing beamline and a single‐grating beamline that enables experiments to record X‐ray photo‐emission spectra (XPS) and X‐ray absorption spectra (XAS) for research in solar physics, organic semiconductor materials and spinel oxides, with soft X‐ray photon energies in the range 300–1000 eV. Demands for photon energy to extend to the extreme ultraviolet region for applications in nano‐fabrication and topological thin films are increasing. The basic spherical‐grating monochromator beamline was again upgraded by adding a second grating that delivers photons of energy from 80 to 420 eV. Four end‐stations were designed for experiments with XPS, XAS, interstellar photoprocess systems (IPS) and extreme‐ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) in the scheduled beam time. The data from these experiments show a large count rate in core levels probed and excellent statistics on background normalization in the L‐edge adsorption spectrum.     

Performance of a silicon monochromator under high heat load

The performance of a cryogenically cooled double‐crystal silicon monochromator was studied under high‐heat‐load conditions with total absorbed powers and power densities ranging from 8 to 780 W and from 8 to 240 W mm^?2, respectively. When the temperature of the first crystal is maintained close to the temperature of zero thermal expansion of silicon, the monochromator shows nearly ideal performance with a thermal slope error of 0.6 µrad. By tuning the size of the first slit, the regime of the ideal performance can be maintained over a wide range of heat loads, i.e. from power densities of 110 W mm^?2 (at total absorbed power of 510 W) to 240 W mm^?2 (at total absorbed power of 240 W).     

Design and construction of multicrystal analyser detectors using Rowland circles: application to MAD26 at ALBA

A concept is given for describing multicrystal analyser detectors (MADs), as they are in use for synchrotron powder diffraction, on the basis of the Rowland circle construction. The Rowland circle is typically used to describe focusing geometries and can be adapted for the case of MADs working at a single energy as well as in a limited energy range. With this construction it is also possible to quantify and optimize the walk of the beam along non‐central crystals which is inevitable in certain detector designs. The results of this geometrical inspection are correlated with a real detector design that is implemented at the ALBA synchrotron facility in Spain. An error budget is given to estimate the influence and amount of tolerance of the manufacturing process.     

Czerny-Turner正交型光栅单色仪的波长校准

研究了Czerny-Turner正交型光栅单色仪的波长校准技术。结合单色仪的结构参数和特点,提出以符合光栅方程的正弦曲线作为仪器出射波长的校准方程,基于最小二乘法原理给出校准方程的拟合残差表达式,由于校准方程的非线性,应用二维Nelder-Mead单纯形法求解拟合残差的待定系数,建立了波长与光栅转角的精确表达式,并通过实验验证了该算法的准确性。结果表明,经过校准的单色仪波长定位精度小于0.1nm,比设计要求提高一个数量级。该方法在Czerny-Turner正交型光栅单色仪的波长校准过程中,应用简单,容易实现,只需稍加修改步进电机的控制程序,即可完成对仪器出射波长的快速实时校准,实用性强。     

Seya-Namioka单色仪中全息光栅设计

本文着重讨论如何应用光程函数理论来确定IV型光栅的记录参数和工作参数,并给出设计实例。     

Expected thermal deformation and wavefront preservation of a cryogenic Si monochromator for Cornell ERL beamlines

Cornell energy‐recovery linac (ERL) beamlines will have higher power density and higher fractional coherence than those available at third‐generation sources; therefore the capability of a monochromator for ERL beamlines has to be studied. A cryogenic Si monochromator is considered in this paper because the perfect atomic structure of Si crystal is needed to deliver highly coherent radiation. Since neither the total heat load nor the power density alone can determine the severity of crystal deformation, a metric called modified linear power density is used to gauge the thermal deformation. For all ERL undulator beamlines, crystal thermal deformation profiles are simulated using the finite‐element analysis tool ANSYS, and wavefront propagations are simulated using Synchrotron Radiation Workshop. It is concluded that cryogenic Si monochromators will be suitable for ERL beamlines in general.     

一种准确聚焦掠入射球面光栅单色仪的光学设计

提出了一种用于低碎屑激光等离子体软X射线光谱测试的球面光栅单色仪的光学设计方案。其设计思想是通过改变衍射光栅的偏向角使入射狭缝在所要求的波段范围内都能准确聚焦在出缝处,分析了系统的在数对单色仪技术指标的影响,优化了设计方案,使系统在13nm处的分辨率λ/Δλ≥2000（狭缝开启50um)。     

A note on grating based soft X-ray monochromators

A few facts related to the aberrations for toroidal and plane gratings are presented. Some design aspects of the plane grating-based monochromator devised by Petersen (1982) are discussed. We also point out that for a cylindrical grating astigmatic correction can be reduced and suggest that following Petersen’s scheme some improvements in the monochromator performance could be achieved with such a grating.     

滤波片透过率曲线测量中棱镜单色仪参数的选取

从理论上分析了入射、出射狭缝大小对出射光的光谱宽度和透过率曲线的影响，得到了入射、出射狭缝大小的最佳匹配条件，并通过实验验证了这一结论，分析了鼓轮每次转动格数对测得的透过率曲线的影响，给出了鼓轮每次转动的最佳格数值．