拟南芥胚的不同区域对MeV离子辐照的响应

利用不同能量的质子在大气环境中辐照拟南芥的含水种子，能量从1.1MeV到6.5MeV.根据模拟计算结果，相应能量的离子对种子的损伤区域分别为胚的浅层、胚的一半和整个胚.本实验中，具有较高能量的质子可以完全均匀地作用于拟南芥生长、发育及遗传密切相关的胚茎端分生组织，而能量较低的质子则不能直接作用于茎端分生组织.实验所用质子注量范围为4×10⁹ions/cm²—1×10¹⁴ions/cm².实验结果显示，虽然拟南芥种子的发芽率和幼苗存活率随离子注量增加都呈现下降的趋势，但对应于不同的胚损伤区域，即在不同的入射质子能量条件下，注量曲线具有各自的特征.实验结果显示，拟南芥种子中除了胚茎端分生组织作为对离子辐照敏感的辐射主靶外，茎端分生组织之外的胚区域可能作为离子辐射次靶，影响到最终的辐射生物学效应. 关键词： 离子辐照 拟南芥 胚区域 生物效应     

Sexing Bovine Embryos Using PCR Amplification of Bovine SRY Sequence

This study analyses the bovine SRY DNA sequence by direct sequencing procedure, followed by the designation of the PCR primers specific for bovine SRY. Using PCR amplification of bovine SRY gene, the embryo sex was determined. The results of the embryo sex identification were confirmed after the embryo transfer and pregnancies.     

Bioanalytical methods applied to endocrine disrupting polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans. A review

The usual methods for determining polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) are generally expensive and time consuming. This fact has favored the development of faster and cheaper techniques, based on immunoassays and bioassays. This paper reviews these bioanalytical methods and their analytical importance at the present moment.     

探究多囊卵巢综合征患者冻融胚胎移植子宫内膜准备方案的选择

目的探讨多囊卵巢综合征患者冻融胚胎移植子宫内膜准备的两种方案的效果。方法选择2014年3月到2016年3月间在深圳武警医院选择行冻融胚胎移植子宫内膜准备的700例多囊卵巢综合征患者作为研究对象,对所有患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,根据患者子宫内膜准备方案分为人工组(n=350)和促排卵组(n=350),对比两组患者冻融胚胎移植效果。结果人工组患者胚胎复苏率、优质胚胎率、移植胚胎数、子宫内膜厚度、胚胎种植率、妊娠率与促排卵组相比均无差异,P0.05。结论人工子宫内膜与促排卵内膜效果相似,均可推广运用。     

An HPLC method for the determination of selected amino acids in human embryo culture medium

A method for the determination of selected amino acids in culture medium using HPLC with fluorescence detection is described. Twenty hours after intra‐cytoplasmic sperm injection, one randomly selected zygote was transferred to the culture medium. After incubation (72 h after fertilization), the culture medium in which the embryo was incubated and blank medium was immediately stored at −80°C. Filtered medium samples were derivatized with ortho ‐phthalaldehyde (naphthalene‐2,3‐dicarboxaldehyde), forming highly fluorescent amino acids derivatives. Reverse‐phase columns (LichroCART, Purospher STAR RP_18e or Ascentis Express C₁₈) were used for the separation. The derivatives were analyzed by gradient elution with a mobile phase containing ethanol and sodium dihydrogen phosphate. The analytical performance of this method is satisfactory for all amino acids; the intra‐assay coefficients of variation were <10% and quantitative recoveries were between 95.5 and 104.4%. Changes in the levels of selected amino acids before and after human embryo cultivation were observed. After embryo incubation, the levels of all amino acids in the medium were increased, apart from aspartate and asparagine. After the cultivation of some embryos, amino acids which were not part of the medium were detected. Low amino acids turnover was observed in some embryos.     

长喙毛茛泽泻的胚胎发生

对长喙毛茛泽泻（Ｒａｎａｌｉｓｍａｒｏｓｔｒａｔｕｍ）胚及胚乳的发育进行了研究．合子横向分裂成基细胞和顶细胞，基细胞不再分裂，顶细胞分裂形成胚体及合点端胚柄细胞．胚发育属石竹型．成熟胚为“Ｕ”形．胚乳发育属沼生目型，初生胚乳核在近合点端横向分裂，形成两个不等室，即合点室和珠孔室．合点室细胞不再分裂，珠孔室细胞经游离核分裂后，从珠孔端及合点端同时开始细胞化．细胞化与成膜体、细胞板有关，而不是通过“自由生长壁”．随着胚的发育，胚乳逐渐解体，成熟种子中无胚乳．在原胚发育时期，胚柄基细胞及合点室胚乳细胞体积增大，核染色深，有时分裂成２～３核，细胞质浓厚．它们在四形胚时期开始退化，与胚乳细胞化相对应，推测它们与胚早期发育所需营养的供应有关．     

太赫兹成像技术对玉米种子的鉴定和识别

利用太赫兹时域光谱(THz_TDS)测试技术及透射式太赫兹逐点扫描成像技术分别对几种玉米种子DNA和胚的样品进行了光谱和成像测量;利用空间图样成份分析(component spatial pattern analysis)方法对得到的THz像进行识别运算。实验结果表明,几种样品在THz波段都有不同的吸收特性,但都没有明显的吸收峰,不能利用“特征指纹谱”进行识别。用基于THz扫描成像的空间图样成份分析方法能很好地实现不同玉米种子DNA样品的鉴定和识别。与现有的THz图像识别方法相比,这个方法只需要THz像的实验数据和样品的吸收谱信息,不需要样品的其它特征。这项研究为进一步利用THz成像技术实现无损检测、安全检查、质量监测等提供了依据,具有实际应用价值。     

大麦幼胚培养的初步研究

大麦幼胚组织培养结果初步表明,两种培养基之间,两个品种之间总出愈率没有显著差异,而不同类型愈伤组织诱导率却存在差异。Ⅱ号培养基中,甲、乙两种类型愈伤组织产生比例多于Ⅰ号培养基,丙型愈伤组织正好相反。因此认为Ⅱ号培养基对大麦幼胚培养中诱导出愈及生长是较理想的。啤酒大麦品种“付8”的甲型愈伤组织比例大于高蛋白品种“Hiproly”。愈伤组织和胚芽的总过氧化物酶活性变化较大,但规律不明显,因此很难作大麦幼胚培养中愈伤组织诱导、生长及分化的指标。过氧化物酶同工酶和酯酶同工酶的电泳分析,表明不同品种,培养基、组织器官之间存在一些差异。改进与扩大试验设计进一步探索提高出愈及分化率的研究正在进行中。     

Embryo viability indexing using Raman spectroscopy of spent culture media

ABSTRACT

Embryo viability quantification is an important topic for in vitro fertilization researchers. This study suggests Raman spectroscopy as a candidate method to find an objective measure of embryo viability. Raman spectra of 31 spent embryo culture samples (16 nonpregnant, 15 pregnant) from 31 patients were analyzed with band component analysis. The band area ratio of 902 to 943 cm^?1 was found to be the most discriminatory. These bands are related to glutamine, glycine, proline, aspartic acid, and valine. According to the pregnancy outcome the sensitivity and specificity of Raman analysis were found to be 93% and 77%, respectively.     

斑马鱼胚胎在电离辐射生物学研究中的应用

斑马鱼胚胎最初为研究发育生物学与分子遗传学的重要模式动物,20 世纪90 年代关于斑马鱼胚胎研究的文章每年不足100 篇,到本世纪初期已上升到每年1 000 余篇,目前这个数字正呈指数增长,斑马鱼胚胎的研究范围与应用价值正也随之逐步提升。该文综述了斑马鱼胚胎在电离辐射研究领域中的应用,包括电离辐射诱导斑马鱼的毒性作用、电离辐射引起的DNA损伤及其信号转导机制,以及利用斑马鱼对辐射防护剂与增敏剂进行评价。在此基础上还特别介绍了中国科学院近代物理研究所利用斑马鱼胚胎在放射生物学研究上取得的进展,其中包括一种具有物理激发、化学刺激作用的线粒体内活性氧(ROS) 诱导剂,在非条件刺激下利用斑马鱼检测该物质的毒性,发现6 10 μL/mL 的该物质无胚胎发育毒性,然而,在一定波长的光刺激下可造成DNA双链断裂,在理论上是一种潜在的辐射增敏剂。Zebrafish embryo is a classic animal model to study developmental and molecular biology. The relatedworks using zebrafish embryo arise from less than 100 papers per year in 90 s to more than 1 000 papers per year at the beginning of 21st century. The research scope and application value of zebrafish embryo in biology studies are gradually extending, along with the exponential increase of related papers. Here, the applications of zebrafish embryo in the field of radiation biology are reviewed, including radiation-induced toxicity, signal transduction in response to radiation-induced DNA damage, and the assessment of radio-protection and radiosensitizers, respectively. The progress in radiation biology employing zebrafish embryo in Institute of Modern Physics has also been reported, includinga novel mitochondrial reactive oxygen species inducer, which can be triggered by exogenous physical signal and exert chemical stimulation. This inducer shows no obvious embryo toxicity to zebrafish under 10 μL/mL. It can induce DNA double strand breaks if activated by certain wavelength of lights. Itisa potential radiosensitizerin theory.