Optimized IR synchrotron beamline design

Synchrotron infrared beamlines are powerful tools on which to perform spectroscopy on microscopic length scales but require working with large bending‐magnet source apertures in order to provide intense photon beams to the experiments. Many infrared beamlines use a single toroidal‐shaped mirror to focus the source emission which generates, for large apertures, beams with significant geometrical aberrations resulting from the shape of the source and the beamline optics. In this paper, an optical layout optimized for synchrotron infrared beamlines, that removes almost totally the geometrical aberrations of the source, is presented and analyzed. This layout is already operational on the IR beamline of the Brazilian synchrotron. An infrared beamline design based on a SOLEIL bending‐magnet source is given as an example, which could be useful for future IR beamline improvements at this facility.     

光学薄膜诱导偏振像差对大数值孔径光学系统聚焦特性的影响

大数值孔径光学系统表面光线的入射角较大, 会导致薄膜的偏振分离, 诱发偏振像差, 影响光学系统的聚焦特性. 本文利用矢量光衍射理论, 建立了光学薄膜各参量与光学系统聚焦光场的模型. 利用该模型分析了线偏振光入射时, 光学薄膜对光学系统聚焦光斑的扰动. 在此基础上, 探讨了应用了不同约束条件下得到的光学薄膜对最终聚焦光场的影响, 确定了减小薄膜扰动光学系统光斑的设计方法, 即额外添加透射率差和位相差的约束条件, 并且适当增加位相差约束的权重. 利用该方法优化设计的薄膜, 相比于普通减反膜而言, 对系统聚焦光场中心强度的提升可达约12.5%.     

Ray aberrations of two-dimensional oblique lattices on the self-image plane

We extend the geometrical theory of aberration for a self-imaging system to the case of two-dimensional oblique lattices. In our approach, the fundamental translation vectors of the lattice are not restricted in both length and orientation. Evaluating the disturbance of light through the oblique lattice under coherent illumination, we find the conditions of constraint which limit the self-imaging of the oblique lattice. Various types of oblique lattices are shown to obey the self-imaging conditions. We derive the equations to trace the optical paths of self-imaging rays and then analyze the ray aberrations which arise from the difference between the optical paths of a self-imaging ray and of the corresponding actual ray. The ray aberrations are shown to disappear when the periods of the lattice are large compared with the wavelength of light. We find that the ray aberrations carried by self-imaged oblique lattices are totally undercorrected and the aberrated image patches are displaced along the direction tangent vector of a chief ray.     

More precise determination of thermal lens focal length for end-pumped solid-state lasers

A method of more precise determination of the focal length of equivalent thermal lens (TL) is presented in this paper. The method is based on the diffraction theory of aberrations. By numerically calculating the optical path difference (OPD) distribution and the Strehl ratio, the focal lengths for “top-hat” pumping and Gaussian pumping are obtained and the equations for the focal lengths are presented by curve fitting. Also the equations for average pump radii are presented. The experiment on a fiber-coupled LD pumped Nd:YAG laser is carried out. The experimental results verify the validity of the method.     

光学窗口外形对气动光学效应的影响

 流场求解采用3维雷诺平均N-S方程,分别利用ROE格式和二阶中心格式对对流通量和粘性通量进行离散处理;用高斯-赛德尔隐式格式对方程进行时间推进求解,采用k-ε两方程模型用于湍流的数值模拟。采用几何光学结合物理光学方法分析平均流动和湍流对光场的影响。计算结果表明:由于窗口外形曲面的曲率不同,两种窗口外部流场存在较大区别,气流速度、密度的分布情况各不相同。曲率较大的窗口外形对气流的压缩程度较大,导致气流绕过窗口顶端中心区域时流速快,密度梯度大,因而窗口空气阻力较大,光束在该窗口流场中传输受气流影响的影响也较大。     

Effects of interactions among wave aberrations on optical image quality after refractive surgery

Research on wave aberrations indicates that interactions and balances among aberrations can provide better visual quality for normal eyes. In this paper, we investigate the aberration compensatory mechanism for eyes after LASIK surgery. Data of Zernike coefficients of wave-front aberrations are collected from 60 post-operative eyes through a Hartmann-Shack wave-front sensor, and then a series of Monte Carlo simulations are performed by manipulating the value of each Zernike coefficient (second order through seventh order). The modulation transfer function (MTF) ratio as a function of spatial frequency is used to evaluate the aberrations’ characteristic of independence. Finally, in a control condition, “synthetic” model eyes are produced through Monte Carlo arithmetic and the aberration independence of the synthetic eyes is analyzed. The results suggest that, for 6 and 3 mm pupil size, aberrations of the eyes after LASIK surgery are still not independent and the adaptive mechanism still exists. However, the adaptive mechanism does not hold for the “synthetic” eyes.     

Effect of tilt and astigmatism aberration of turbulent atmosphere on the intensity distributions of a LG11 beam

The effects of turbulent aberration such as z-tilt aberration, and astigmatism on the intensity distribution of double ring shaped LG₁₁ beam have been investigated using the Fresnel–Kirchhoff diffraction integral and the quadratic approximation. The effect of turbulent aberration on the intensity distributions at the focal plane with different turbulent strength, and propagation distance is analyzed numerically. It is observed that the effect of tilt aberration gives major effect on the intensity distribution of the LG_(1,1) beam in the turbulent atmosphere.     

Review of Recent Zoom Lens Developments for 35 mm Cinematography at Panavision

A series of high performance zoom lens objectives developed by Panavision over fifteen years, which are very popular in the motion picture (cine) industry, are described. Various aspects of four cine zoom lenses, including; definitions, development, specification, construction, aberrations and tolerances, are discussed.This paper was originally presented at the 2nd International Conference on Optical Design and Fabrication, ODF2000 which was held on November 15-17, 2000 at the International Conference Center, Tokyo, Waseda University, Japan.     

Evaluation method for Raman depolarization measurements including geometrical effects and polarization aberrations

In this article, we address the notoriously difficult problem to quantitatively link measured Raman depolarization values to theoretical polarizability tensor quantities, since quantum calculations do not incorporate experimental parameters. For this, we introduce a numerical model to calculate, for realistic experimental configurations, effective Raman line strength functions, Φ, which find their way into depolarization ratios, ρ. The model is based on interlinked integrations over the angles in the light collection path and a finite Raman source volume along the excitation laser beam. The model deals also with the conditional aperture parameters, associated with more than one optical component in the light collection path. Finally, we also can take into account polarization aberrations introduced by the sample cell windows. The procedure was fully tested for Raman depolarization spectra of selected hydrogen isotopologues. Distinct aspects affecting Raman depolarization data were validated, namely: (1) excitation polarization impurities; (2) extended Raman excitation volumes; (3) Raman light collection over finite solid angles; and (4) polarization aberrations introduced by optics in the light collection path. The correction of the experimental measurement data for the aforementioned effects resulted in depolarization ratios for the Q₁(J " ) Raman lines of H₂ and T₂, which mostly differed by less than 5% from those obtained by quantum‐calculations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Design of an all-dielectric long-wave infrared wide-angle metalens

Optical metasurfaces are two-dimensional arrays of nano-scatterers that modify optical wavefronts at subwavelength spatial resolution. They achieve the effect of focusing through phase control under a subwavelength scale, and are called metalenses. They are poised to revolutionize optics by enabling complex low-cost systems. However, there are severe monochromatic aberrations in the metasurfaces. In this paper, the coma of the long-wave infrared optical system is eliminated through a single-layer metasurface. By changing the phase function, this metalens has a numerical aperture of 0.89, a focal length of 150 μm and a field of view of 120° (0.4@60 line pairs/mm) that enables diffraction-limited monochromatic imaging along the focal plane at a wavelength of 10.6 μm. The designed metasurface maintains a favorable value of the modulation transfer function at different angles. This equipment can be widely used in imaging and industrial processing.