左手性介质平板透镜系统的赛德尔像差特性

根据初级像差理论广泛研究了由左手性介质构造的平板透镜系统的赛德尔像差特性.由初级像差加和定理推导了适合于这种系统的赛德尔和数公式，并指出了寻找消赛德尔像差的平板透镜系统的方法.作为两个特例,分别讨论了消赛德尔像差的左手性介质单透镜和双胶合透镜系统.     

基于双线空间像线宽不对称度的彗差测量技术

在高数值孔径、低工艺因子的光刻技术中,投影物镜彗差对光刻质量的影响变得越来越突出,因而需要一种快速、高精度的彗差原位测量技术。为此提出了一种新的基于双线空间像线宽不对称度的彗差测量技术,利用国际上公认的半导体行业光刻仿真软件PROLITH对该方法的测量精度进行了仿真分析。结果表明,与基于硅片曝光的彗差测量方法相比,基于空间像的彗差测量技术速度上的优势十分明显。其测量精度优于1.4 nm,较国际前沿的多照明设置空间像测量技术(TAMIS)提高30%以上,测量速度提高1/3左右。在ASML公司的PAS5500型步进扫描投影光刻机上,多次测量了投影物镜彗差,结果表明,该技术测量重复精度优于1.2 nm,能实现高精度的彗差原位测量。     

Hybrid lens with corrected sphero-chromatic aberration

An optical imaging element is considered, which consists of a plano-convex spherical glass lens and a holographic lens recorded on the flat surface. Such a ‘hybrid lens’ enables one simultaneously to correct spherical aberration and longitudinal chromatism for two given wavelengths. The imaging quality of such an achromatic lens of focal length f = 100 mm and relative aperture 1:10 is evaluated by the ray tracing method. The results ensure that the performance of such a hybrid lens is acceptable for field angles as high as 5:100.     

Holography for underwater inspection and measurement: an overview of current work

A holographic real image can create an optical replica of an underwater scene, thus allowing measurements of the scene to be undertaken in air in the laboratory. The methods used to record and replay the holograms are discussed together with an introduction to the problems caused by recording underwater and replaying in air. This technique has many applications, including the study of marine particles and the inspection of offshore oil and gas installations.     

Coherent information processing by a pair of lenses in spherical wave illumination

A coherent optical information system has been analysed using the Fresnel diffraction theory. Considering the spherical wave illumination, the same system is used for spatial filtering and subsequent reimaging. The conditions for locating the spatial frequency plane and the image plane have been pointed out. The scale of the Fourier transform can be controlled by three degrees of freedom. The final image formed is inverted and magnified with respect to the input signal. The present analysis has been compared with those of Pernick and Moharir. Aberrations involved have also been discussed.     

一种简单的显微物镜波面像差测定干涉仪

提出一种结构简单的显微物镜波面像差测定干涉仪。该仪器可以测定各种倍率物镜轴上、轴外多种波长的波面像差等光学性能参数。并分析了仪器的系统误差。     

Effect of quartic-phase aberrations on the focal switch of Hermite–Gaussian beams

The focal switch of Hermite–Gaussian beams diffracted at an aperture and subsequently focused by a spherically aberrated lens is studied. Our main attention is focused on the effect of quartic-phase aberrations on the behavior of the focal switch. It is shown that quartic-phase aberrations affect the relative focal shift Δz_f, turning position s_1,t, and relative transition height Δz_sw. Apart from a critical maximum truncation parameter α_c,max, there is a critical minimum truncation parameter α_c,min. Within the region α_c,min<α<α_c,max the focal switch can take place, but quartic-phase aberrations give rise to a decrease of α_c,max-α_c,min in comparison with the aberration-free case.     

Geometrical approximations for accurate evaluation of refraction in the human cornea

Corneal analysis is usually done under two assumptions: first it is considered as a single surface that separates air from a medium with an equivalent keratometric index. The analysis is done under exact ray tracing, which leads to a non-uniformly sampled output pattern. In this paper we analyze both of these affirmations. We will first study the importance of the second corneal surface. We also propose several simplifications to the problem of calculating the transmittance of the cornea without resampling the output pattern. The different approximations will be analyzed by computing the differences in the optical path length covered by the light when passing the cornea. We will show that unique evaluation if absolute differences in the optical path is not the best criterion, since it fails in describing the spherical aberration. We will also analyze the absolute optical path function by decomposing it in Zernike polynomials. This criterion will lead us to determine whether approximations proposed are good enough to describe the cornea.     

Refraction and ultra‐small‐angle scattering of X‐rays in a single‐crystal diamond compound refractive lens

In this work a double‐crystal setup is employed to study compound refractive lenses made of single‐crystal diamond. The point spread function of the lens is calculated taking into account the lens transmission, the wavefront aberrations, and the ultra‐small‐angle broadening of the X‐ray beam. It is shown that, similarly to the wavefront aberrations, the ultra‐small‐angle scattering effects can significantly reduce the intensity gain and increase the focal spot size. The suggested approach can be particularly useful for the characterization of refractive X‐ray lenses composed of many tens of unit lenses.     

Full correction of spherical aberration for the lens with a spherical refractive index distribution

The potential to create a lens with a spherical gradient of refractive index, transforming a divergent entrance homocentric beam into a convergent output homocentric beam, is shown. The lens has the first and the second spherical surfaces. The second surface is isoindicial. The distribution law of the refraction index for the lens material, and the basic parameters of the lens are obtained in analytical form.