基于多级微反射镜的时空联合调制傅里叶变换成像光谱仪:原理及数据处理

介绍了一种基于多级阶梯微反射镜的时空联合调制傅里叶变换成像光谱仪的原理及数据处理方法.仪器利用一块多级阶梯微反射镜取代传统迈克尔逊干涉仪中的动镜以实现静态干涉,通过摆镜扫描使目标物体成像在不同的子阶梯反射面上从而获得目标物体不同光程差的干涉信息.某一时刻,目标物体经摆镜与前置成像系统后在平面镜与多级阶梯微反射镜上形成两个一次像点,两个一次像点被平面镜和多级阶梯微反射镜反射之后经后置成像系统最终成像在探测器焦平面上.平面镜与多级阶梯微反射镜之间的高度差会使到达探测器的两束光的光程差不同,因此探测器焦平面上可以获得目标物体的二维空间信息及一维干涉信息.根据多级阶梯微反射镜参数及光学系统设计参数计算得到摆镜步进角度为0.095°.利用实验获得的三维数据立方体进行了图像拼接与光谱复原.针对子阶梯反射镜存在宽度差异的问题,提出了一种基于极坐标霍夫变换的图像分割方法.为缓解拼接全景图中的间断线效应,将图像变换到HSI颜色空间并插值拟合其亮度分量后再变换回原空间.对拼接后的干涉图像进行了降维、去直流、寻址、切趾、相位校正、傅里叶变换及光谱分辨率增强等处理,完成了光谱复原工作.复原光谱分辨率为194 cm-1,优于设计指标(250 cm-1).     

空间载频干涉法全场测量长度技术

 在研究二维快速傅里叶变换法进行干涉测试基本原理的基础上,提出一种基于二维快速傅里叶变换的长度测量法.以量块长度的测量为对象,被测量块置于泰曼-格林干涉仪测试光路中,参考光波分别与待测长度的量块表面和辅助平面反射的测试光波形成干涉条纹,条纹由图像采集系统采集.利用编制的算法处理软件,通过处理干涉条纹图中量块边缘识别、区域延拓、滤波、波面统一,获得了量块全场表面的空间长度分布,实现了对量块长度的自动化测量.结果表明：该测量法不仅具有较高的测量准确度,而且具有全场测试和非接触测量等优点.     

基于ROI编码的干涉超光谱图像近无损压缩

针对干涉超光谱成像仪所成图像的特点，提出了一种基于ROI（Region of Interest，感兴趣区域）编码的干涉超光谱图像序列压缩方法.利用帧内差值变换，结合矩形ROI编码，在提高遥感图像压缩比的同时，使压缩后的重建图像质量达到近无损的技术要求.实验结果表明，这种压缩方法在干涉超光谱图像压缩中当相对光谱二次误差为2.04％时，干涉图像的压缩比达到9.66∶1.     

Tracing of interference fringes using average gray value and simultaneous row and column scan

An algorithm for computer tracing of interference fringes is reported. The method uses the average gray-level value for thresholding, row and column scans for determining the type of the scan and simultaneous row and column scan for tracing. The proposed method yield good result even for low-contrast and high-noise images. The program for the interferogram tracing was written using MATLAB6.     

Real-time visualisation of deformation fields using speckle interferometry and temporal phase unwrapping

A real-time system for analysing data from speckle interferometers, and speckle shearing interferometers, has been developed. Interferograms are continuously recorded by a digital camera at a rate of 60 frames s⁻¹ with temporal phase shifting carried out at the same rate. The images are analysed using a pipeline image processor. With a standard 4-frame phase-shifting algorithm (phase steps of π/2), wrapped phase maps are calculated and displayed at 15 frames s⁻¹. These are unwrapped using a temporal phase unwrapping algorithm to provide a real-time colour-coded display of the relevant displacement component. Each camera pixel (or cluster of pixels) behaves in effect as an independent displacement sensor. The reference speckle interferogram is updated automatically at regular user-defined intervals, allowing arbitrarily large deformations to be measured and errors due to speckle decorrelation to be minimised. The system has been applied to the problem of detecting sub-surface delamination cracks in carbon fibre composite panels.     

时间分辨傅氏变换红外光谱方法中的定时直流成分

在常规的傅里叶变换红外光谱学中，干涉图的直流成分为∫＾∞０Ｂ（σ）ｄσ，而在时间分辨ＦＴＩＲ中，直流成分Ｉｄｅ成为∫（∞，０）Ｂ（σ，τ）ｄσ，即与信号出现的时间τ有关，称为定量直流成分。     

非均匀采样干涉数据光谱反演技术研究

干涉光谱成像仪获取的干涉数据是一种中间数据,需要进行光谱反演才能够得到目标光谱数据,傅里叶变换方法是常规的光谱反演方法。由于干涉数据中存在非均匀采样问题,若忽略光谱混叠,直接采用快速傅里叶变换会导致反演光谱的失真,难以满足实时处理需求。针对非均匀采样干涉数据的光谱反演需求,将插值及非均匀快速傅里叶变换(NUFFT)方法应用到光谱反演处理中,对过采样及部分欠采样情况下的非均匀采样干涉数据,提出了相应的光谱反演方法,并分析了方法的适用性。最后对过采样及部分欠采样情况下的光谱反演方法进行计算机仿真,过采样情况下采用NUFFT方法反演光谱的精度要明显高于插值方法,而部分欠采样情况下插值方法反演光谱的精度要明显高于NUFFT方法,并对欠采样造成的光谱混叠有一定的修正,验证了方法的有效性。     

A two-dimensional fast Fourier transform method for measuring the inclination angle of parallel fringe patterns

In this paper we describe a technique based on two-dimensional fast Fourier fringe pattern analysis for the automated evaluation of the inclination angle of parallel fringe patterns. Analysis of noise-free theoretical parallel fringe patterns is presented and numerical results of the angle evaluation error using this algorithm are discussed. We also demonstrate an application of the method to the measurement of the inclination angle of experimental parallel fringe patterns.     

Measurement of diffusion coefficient of transparent liquid solutions using Michelson interferometer

The study of diffusivity is important for the design of chemical equipment and its knowledge is needed for mass transfer studies and is the most fundamental property of any chemical system in which the chemical engineers are interested. Here, we report a new interferometric technique to determine the diffusion coefficient of transparent liquid solutions using Michelson interferometer geometry. The experimental cell containing the diffusing solution was kept in one of the arms of Michelson Interferometer. The liquids of differing concentrations were introduced in the cell. Two separate circular interference fringe systems were formed due to the two solutions and they were recorded on a PC using a CCD camera. The time variation of these interferograms yields the diffusion coefficient. The obtained diffusivity values matched very well with the existing experimental results. Detailed theoretical and experimental analysis is given in the paper.     

Using diffractive optical element and Zygo interferometer to test large-aperture convex surface

A valid method for measuring the large-aperture convex surface by using a curved diffractive optical element (DOE) and a Zygo interferometer is demonstrated experimentally. In this method, the direct use of source and high-resolution CCD camera of Zygo interferometer represents a major advance in the areas of adjustment. The DOE, fabricated by combining laser direct writing and lithography, results in higher accuracy, efficiency and lower cost for testing aspheric compared with other types of DOE employed. We have fabricated one optical test system and measured a 110-mm-diameter convex surface of errors 44.3 nm rms and 311 nm P–V.