Membrane protein native state discrimination by implicit membrane models

Four implicit membrane models [IMM1, generalized Born (GB)‐surface area‐implicit membrane (GBSAIM), GB with a simple switching (GBSW), and heterogeneous dielectric GB (HDGB)] were tested for their ability to discriminate the native conformation of five membrane proteins from 450 decoys generated by the Rosetta‐Membrane program. The energy ranking of the native state and Z‐scores were used to assess the performance of the models. The effect of membrane thickness was examined and was found to be substantial. Quite satisfactory discrimination was achieved with the all‐atom IMM1 and GBSW models at 25.4 Å thickness and with the HDGB model at 28.5 Å thickness. The energy components by themselves were not discriminative. Both van der Waals and electrostatic interactions contributed to native state discrimination, to a different extent in each model. Computational efficiency of the models decreased in the order: extended‐atom IMM1 > all‐atom IMM1 > GBSAIM > GBSW > HDGB. These results encourage the further development and use of implicit membrane models for membrane protein structure prediction. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Degradation behavior of electrical properties of GaInAs (1.0 eV) and GaInAs (0.7 eV) sub-cells of IMM4J solar cells under1-MeV electron irradiation

In this work the degradation effects of the Ga_(0.7)In_(0.3)As(1.0 eV) and Ga_(0.42)In_(0.58)As(0.7 eV) sub-cells for IMM4J solar cells are investigated after 1-MeV electron irradiation by using spectral response and photoluminescence(PL) signal amplitude analysis, as well as electrical property measurements. The results show that, compared with the electrical properties of traditional single junction(SJ) GaAs(1.41 eV) solar cell, the electrical properties(such as Isc, Voc, and Pmax)of the newly sub-cells degrade similarly as a function of log ?, where ? represents the electron fluence. It is found that the degradation of Voc is much more than that of Isc in the irradiated Ga_(0.42)In_(0.58)As(0.7 eV) cells due to the additional intrinsic layer, leading to more serious damage to the space charge region. However, of the three types of SJ cells with the gap widths of 0.7, 1.0, and 1.4 eV, the electric properties of the Ga_(0.7)In_(0.3)As(1.0 eV) cell decrease largest under each irradiation fluence. Analysis on the spectral response indicates that the Jsc of the Ga_(0.7)In_(0.3)As(1.0 eV) cell also shows the most severe damage. The PL amplitude measurements qualitatively confirm that the degradation of the effective minority carrier life-time(τeff) in the SJ Ga_(0.7)In_(0.3)As cells is more drastic than that of SJ GaAs cells during the irradiation. Thus,the output current of Ga_(0.7)In_(0.3)As sub-cell should be controlled in the irradiated IMM4J cells.     

IRST系统的单站机动目标跟踪算法研究

在传统的IRST（红外搜索与跟踪）系统的角测量基础上,增加了红外探测器对目标红外辐射的响应信息这一测量项,且将相邻两次测量的目标红外光谱辐射功率之比作为伪测量,以消除目标红外光谱辐射强度不确定所产生的影响,并由此构造了机动目标跟踪的IMM（交互多模型）算法. 通过跟踪一个高机动目标的仿真过程,对算法性能进行了检验.仿真结果表明:当测量误差较小时,误差的变化对跟踪精度的影响不大,整个跟踪过程中,单个坐标轴上的均方差不超过7 m,而且,大多数时刻上的均方误差不超过3 m;当测量误差较大时,近距离（航迹前段和中段）的跟踪精度也是很高的,单个坐标轴上的均方差不超过5 m,但是,远距离的跟踪精度下降很快,最大误差达到110 m;速度误差与位置误差也有类似的结果.     

红外单站多目标跟踪算法研究

利用IRST(红外搜索与跟踪)系统所获取的各目标的角度及其红外光谱辐射功率和信息，通过对红外光谱辅射功率和的相关处理，运用选优的JPDA（联合概率数据关联）算法与IMM（交互多模型）算法实现了IRST系统的单站多目标跟踪，并通过两个仿真场景对算法性能进行了检验.仿真结果表明：在跟踪开始阶段，两个场景中的每个目标都能获得高精度的跟踪;当目标编队飞行时，算法能对各目标进行有效的跟踪，而且跟踪精确度也是令人满意的;当目标交叉飞行时，跟踪的误差明显加大，随着时间的延续，对远距离目标会失去跟踪能力，但对近距离目标仍能进行有效的跟踪.     

图像跟踪系统中机动目标预测的实现

针对装甲车上的图像跟踪系统，提出一种机动目标预测方法。将目标的运动分解为2部分，即全局运动和局部运动，并根据各自的动态特性分别进行预测。文章以局部运动预测为重点，通过对机动目标跟踪技术的研究，建立起性能优良的跟踪滤波器，并将其扩展到预测滤波器中对目标的未来运动状态进行预测，从而提出“交互式多模型预测算法”，并对该算法进行仿真，给出速度均方根误差的仿真结果。仿真结果表明:该算法预测精度高、自适应能力强。最后还给出了预测门的计算方法。     

一种多基阵机动目标被动跟踪算法

由多部声纳基阵获取的方位信息对水中机动目标的跟踪实质上是一个非线性状态估计问题,文中首先依据各基阵的方位信息,采用最小二乘法得到目标位置在各采样时刻的初步估计,然后将其作为测量值用于交互多模型算法(IMM)并结合线性卡尔曼滤波(KF)得到目标运动速度和轨迹,避免了应用非线性估计算法直接进行多个方位数据融合过程中存在的各种问题。仿真结果表明这一算法简便,与双基阵纯方位机动目标被动跟踪相比具有较快的收敛速度和较高的跟踪精度。