Effect of environmental factors and carbohydrate on gellan gum production

Submerged culture fermentation studies were carried out in batch mode for optimizing the environmental parameters and carbon source requirement by Pseudomonas elodea for the production of gellan gum. The maximum production of gellan gum was obtained with 16-h-old culture and 8% inoculum at 30°C and pH 7.0 after 52 h of incubation (6.0 g/L). Of the various carbon sources tested, 2% sucrose, glucose, and soluble starch yielded considerably high amounts of gellan. Studies on the concentration of various carbohydrates on gellan gum production indicated that the optimum concentration of glucose and starch was 3%, whereas for sucrose it was 4%. The addition of glucose in the medium above 3% had a detrimental effect on gellan yield. The investigation of intermediate two-step addition of glucose under identical conditions of fermentation showed an enhanced production of gellan (8.12 g/L) as compared with the control (6.0 g/L). To optimize the recovery of gellan from fermented broth, different solvents were tested for precipitation of gellan gum. Among the various solvents tested, tetrahydrofuran gave better recovery of gellan (82%) as compared with the conventional solvent isopropanol (49%).     

Characterization of exopolysaccharides in marine colloids by capillary electrophoresis with indirect UV detection

A method was established using capillary electrophoresis with indirect UV detection for analysis of monosaccharides liberated from exopolysaccharides by acidic hydrolysis. Tangential flow filtration was used to isolate high molecular weight polysaccharides from seawater. The capillary electrophoresis method included the use of a background electrolyte consisting of 2,6-dimethoxyphenol and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. Several neutral sugars commonly existing in marine polysaccharides were separated under optimized conditions. The relative standard deviations were between 1.3% and 2.3% for relative migration time and 1.3-2.5% for peak height. Detection limits (at S/N 3) were in the range of 27.2-47.8 μM. The proposed approach was applied to the analysis of hydrolyzed colloidal polysaccharides in seawater collected from the Baltic Sea. Nanomolar levels of liberated monosaccharides in seawater samples can be detected by preconcentration up to 30,000 times.     

Structural Characterization of an Exopolysaccharide from the Myxobacterium Sorangium Cellulosum NUST06

The large amounts of extracellulular matter produced by myxobacteria were composed of EPS and proteins that demonstrated as required factor for cell-cell cohesion1. There were few reports on the structure and bioactivities of the EPS in myxobacteria and all focus on myxobacterial extracellular matter were their role in myxobacteria social interactions2. Studies of the chemical structure of these molecules, constituent identification, and chemical and physical properties are essential for u…     

一种产碱杆菌胞外多糖动态粘弹性研究

对产碱杆菌Q9415胞外多糖 (Curvielan)的动态粘弹性进行了研究 .在角频率ω =0 0 1～ 10 0rad·s-1范围内 ,1 4% (W /V ,下同 )curvielan的储能模量G′始终远远大于耗能模量G″并且不依赖于频率 ,表明curvielan弹性极佳并相当稳定 .0 5 %可能接近curvielan形成水凝胶的阈值浓度 .Curvielan易溶于冷水形成有粘弹性的弱凝胶 ,在 90℃左右保温 10min左右 ,弱凝胶可形成粘弹性更高的凝胶 ,长时间的高温加热及冷冻 熔融处理会破坏curvielan的凝胶网络结构 ,酸碱均降低curvielan形成凝胶网络的能力 .添加 1～ 18%NaCl,对1%curvielan的凝胶网络有一定的损害 ,添加 6 %KCl、CaCl2 、MgCl2 、ZnCl2 、2 0 %和 40 %蔗糖有类似影响 ,但6 %的AlCl3 或FeCl3 均使 1%curvielan的粘弹性完全丧失 .     

Structural analysis and immunomodulatory activity of a homopolysaccharide isolated from Parabacteroides distasonis

A homopolysaccharide fraction (PEP-1A) with desired immunomodulatory activity was isolated from culture broth of Parabacteroides distasonis. Structural characterization uncovered that PEP-1A had a molecular weight of 3.40 × 10⁶ Da and possessed mannose merely. Comprehensive analysis of FT-IR, GC–MS and 1D/2D NMR confirmed that the structure of PEP-1A was expected as follows:

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Finally, the activity assays on RAW 264.7 macrophages showed that PEP-1A could promote proliferation, increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), enhance the phagocytosis, and promote the secretion of nitric oxide (NO) and inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. Furthermore, PEP-1A could give play to immunoregulation effect through NF-κB, MAPK and Akt signaling pathways. Collectively, the study of PEP-1A offers a molecular underpinning for the future application of PEP-1A as a potential immunostimulant.     

南极海冰细菌胞外多糖的助凝作用及红外光谱分析

利用酒精沉淀结合氯仿和丁醇脱蛋白法,从南极海冰细菌Pseudoaheromonas sp.Bsi20310发酵液中制备得到该菌株所产的胞外多糖(Exopolysaccharide,Bsi20310 EPS)粗品.以Bsi20310 EPS为助凝剂,可以明显改善铁盐对模拟水溶性染料活性艳红X-3B废水的混凝效果,在pH 10左右,Fe(Ⅲ)浓度0.98 mmol·L-1条件下加入150 mg·L-1 Bsi20310 EPS,脱色率由16%提高到84%.利用傅里叶变换红外光谱法(FTIR)分析比较Bsi20310 EPS、Fe(Ⅲ)混凝剂-Bsi20310 EPS絮体及Fe(Ⅲ)混凝剂-Bsi20310 EPS-活性艳红X-3B絮体的官能团,图谱显示,Bsi20310 EPS含有丰富的-OH、-COOH及糖苷键等活性基团;当Bsi20310 EPS与Fe(Ⅲ)混凝剂作用后,3 429 cm-1处尖峰变成宽峰,2 921 cm-1处峰形减弱或消失,1 650cm-1处锐峰变成钝峰,1 242 cm-1处峰出现轻微红移,1 151～1 038 cm-1范围内杂多峰变成单一尖峰,表明-OH、-COOH及糖苷键是发生反应的主要官能团.研究结果预示着Bsi20310 EPS可以作为一种安全有效的微生物助凝剂.     

Preparation and Characterization of the Enzymatic Degradation Products of the Exopolysaccharide From Klebsiella K13

Oligosaccharides were prepared from the exopolysaccharide of Klebsiella K13 by enzymatic degradation and characterized. A phage-borne depolymerase enzyme was used to degrade the exopolysaccharide of Klebsiella K13. Bio-Gel P4 and P6 were used to purify the oligosaccharide products. The purified oligosaccharides were characterized by HPLC, mass spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and NMR spectroscopy. The monosaccharide constituents of these enzymatic degradation products include D-glucose, D-galactose, D-mannose, and D-glucuronic acid. It was concluded that a pentasaccharide repeating unit with the following structure, as well as its dimer and trimer, was released from the exopolysaccharide: 3,4-O-(1-carboxyethylidene)-β-D-Galp-(1→4)-α-D-GlcpA-(1→3)-β-D-Manp-(1→4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→3)-D-Glcp     

Some rheological properties of the extracellular polysaccharide produced byVolcaniella eurihalina F2-7

Volcaniella eurihalina strain F2-7 synthesizes an exopolysaccharide named V2-7, primarily composed of glucose, mannose, and rhamnose. The effect of chemical and physical factors on solution viscosity was studied. The V2-7 EPS showed pseudoplastic behavior at concentrations over 0.5% w/v. Viscosity decreased with temperature, but the viscosity values were restored after cooling. Freeze-thawing treatment did not affect the rheological properties of its solutions. Addition of inorganic salts produced a diminution of viscosity. However, the most remarkable aspect of V2-7 EPS is the effect of pH on its solutions; it is able to form high viscosity solutions, like a gel, at low pH values even in the presence of inorganic salts. This property, not present in neutral and alkaline solutions, makes it potentially useful for various industrial applications.     

一种乳酸菌多糖对酸乳凝胶的影响机理

以乳酸菌菌株和由粘性乳酸菌分泌的胞外多糖为原料制备不同的酸乳凝胶, 并用电子显微镜和质构仪等手段对其微观结构和质构特性进行了观测. 发现在酸乳体系中, 中性乳酸菌多糖与乳酪蛋白是相斥的, 多糖对酸乳凝胶的影响主要是利用其自身分子形成的空间位垒, 干扰酪蛋白微球之间的相互链接方式, 从而动态影响酪蛋白微球立体网状结构的构建. 提出酸乳乳酸菌胞外多糖对酸乳凝胶结构的影响不仅与其分子大小及结构有关, 还与胞外多糖添加到酸乳体系中的方式、时间、速度、浓度有关. 进一步解释了酸乳制作中, 粘性发酵剂所能达到的效果不容易用直接添加增稠剂的方法替代的原因.