高速列车轴箱轴承健康监测与故障诊断研究综述

随着我国高速列车的发展, 针对其运营维护中的故障预测与健康管理问题日益受到关注. 轴箱轴承是高速列车走行部中的关键旋转部件, 在复杂的轮轨相互作用下极易出现由疲劳、过载等原因导致的失效, 影响列车的行车效率和运行安全. 而现有诊断方法和技术难以满足高速列车动态化、系统化的安全保障需求, 亟待进一步发展轴箱轴承健康监测和诊断技术. 首先, 介绍了工程中维修检测、轨边监测和车载监测系统的主要内容和发展现状. 然后, 从动力学正、反问题两个方面, 分析和总结了在轴箱轴承的理论建模方法和轴箱轴承与列车耦合系统的动态特性分析、基于先进信号处理技术和机器学习技术的诊断方法等方面的研究思路和研究进展. 最后, 对轴箱轴承健康监测与故障诊断技术的发展趋势进行了展望, 评述了在指导列车故障预测与健康管理方面的不足.      

以催化应用为纽带链接基础化学2课程与多学科的交叉融合

“基础化学2”是面向“基础学科拔尖学生培养计划”大一本科生开设的一门理科专业基础课。针对学生因专业选择余地大容易觉得课程与专业联系不够紧密而学习积极性不高的问题，提出以元素及其化合物的催化应用为纽带，寻找合适的切入点，将化学基础知识与各相关学科研究前沿及工业应用相联系，建设具有学科交叉特色的基础化学教学体系的建议，突出培养学生的学科创新思维能力，体现理论与实践相结合的教学特色。     

敬告读者——《光谱学与光谱分析》已全文上网

从2008年第7期开始在《光谱学与光谱分析》网站(www.gpxygpfx.com)“在线期刊”栏内发布《光谱学与光谱分析》期刊全文,读者可方便地免费下载摘要和PDF全文,欢迎浏览、检索本刊当期的全部内容;并陆续刊出自2004年以后出版的各期摘要和PDF全文内容。2009年起《光谱学与光谱分析》每期出版日期改为每月1日。     

《光谱学与光谱分析》对来稿英文摘要的要求

来稿英文摘要不符合下列要求者,本刊要求作者重写,这可能要推迟论文发表的时间。1.请用符合语法的英文,要求言简意明、确切地论述文章的主要内容,突出创新之处。2.应拥有与论文同等量的主要信息,包括四个要素,即研究目的、方法、结果、结论。其中后两个要素最重要。有时一个句子即可包含前两个要素,例如“用某种改进的ICP-AES测量了鱼池水样的痕量铅”。     

基于NiCo2O4纳米片电极的非对称混合电容器

The looming global energy crisis and ever-increasing energy demands have catalyzed the development of renewable energy storage systems. In this regard, supercapacitors (SCs) have attracted widespread attention because of their advantageous attributes such as high power density, excellent cycle stability, and environmental friendliness. However, SCs exhibit low energy density and it is important to optimize electrode materials to improve the overall performance of these devices. Among the various electrode materials available, spinel nickel cobaltate (NiCo₂O₄) is particularly interesting because of its excellent theoretical capacitance. Based on the understanding that the performances of the electrode materials strongly depend on their morphologies and structures, in this study, we successfully synthesized NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets on Ni foam via a simple hydrothermal route followed by calcination. The structures and morphologies of the as-synthesized products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and the results showed that they were uniformly distributed on the Ni foam support. The surface chemical states of the elements in the samples were identified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The as-synthesized NiCo₂O₄ products were then tested as cathode materials for supercapacitors in a traditional three-electrode system. The electrochemical performances of the NiCo₂O₄ electrode materials were studied and the area capacitance was found to be 1.26 C·cm^-2 at a current density of 1 mA·cm^-2. Furthermore, outstanding cycling stability with 97.6% retention of the initial discharge capacitance after 10000 cycles and excellent rate performance (67.5% capacitance retention with the current density from 1 to 14 mA·cm^-2) were achieved. It was found that the Ni foam supporting the NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets increased the conductivity of the electrode materials. However, it is worth noting that the contribution of nickel foam to the areal capacitance of the electrode materials was almost zero during the charge and discharge processes. To further investigate the practical application of the as-synthesized NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets-based electrode, a device was assembled with the as-prepared samples as the positive electrode and active carbon (AC) as the negative electrode. The assembled supercapacitor showed energy densities of 0.14 and 0.09 Wh·cm^-3 at 1.56 and 4.5 W·cm^-3, respectively. Furthermore, it was able to maintain 95% of its initial specific capacitance after 10000 cycles. The excellent electrochemical performance of the NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets could be ascribed to their unique spatial structure composed of interconnected ultrathin nanosheets, which facilitated electron transportation and ion penetration, suggesting their potential applications as electrode materials for high performance supercapacitors. The present synthetic route can be extended to other ternary transition metal oxides/sulfides for future energy storage devices and systems.     

高维多项式理想的实根计算

研究高维多项式理想实根的计算。对于给定的高维多项式理想,首先通过一个典范同态映射将其转化为扩张多项式环中的零维理想。基于零维实根是实极大理想的交集的结论,该扩张理想的实根可以在新的多项式环中计算。最后,通过理想的收缩,把实根收缩回原多项式环,便可得到高维多项式理想的实根。     

吉林大学化学本科与研究生贯通式创新型人才培养模式

吉林大学化学学院秉持立德树人的根本任务,以“厚基础、重实践、严要求”为理念,探索了改革开放后具有吉大特色的本科与研究生贯通创新型人才培养模式。以先进的教学科研理念、雄厚的师资队伍、完善的人才培养体系、优质的平台支撑为基础,培养了一大批杰出的化学家,为我国化学领域的教育事业和科学研究奠定了深厚的基础,成为培养高素质化学人才的一方沃土。