高速列车轴箱轴承健康监测与故障诊断研究综述

随着我国高速列车的发展, 针对其运营维护中的故障预测与健康管理问题日益受到关注. 轴箱轴承是高速列车走行部中的关键旋转部件, 在复杂的轮轨相互作用下极易出现由疲劳、过载等原因导致的失效, 影响列车的行车效率和运行安全. 而现有诊断方法和技术难以满足高速列车动态化、系统化的安全保障需求, 亟待进一步发展轴箱轴承健康监测和诊断技术. 首先, 介绍了工程中维修检测、轨边监测和车载监测系统的主要内容和发展现状. 然后, 从动力学正、反问题两个方面, 分析和总结了在轴箱轴承的理论建模方法和轴箱轴承与列车耦合系统的动态特性分析、基于先进信号处理技术和机器学习技术的诊断方法等方面的研究思路和研究进展. 最后, 对轴箱轴承健康监测与故障诊断技术的发展趋势进行了展望, 评述了在指导列车故障预测与健康管理方面的不足. 

REVIEW OF HEALTH MONITORING AND FAULT DIAGNOSIS OF AXLE-BOX BEARING OF HIGH-SPEED TRAIN

With the flourishing development of high-speed train in China, research on the fault prognostics and health management has been paid more and more attention during its service and maintenance. Axle-box bearing is a key rotating component of the bogie in high-speed trains. Under the complex wheel-rail interaction, it is prone to cause in-service failures due to fatigue, overload, etc., which seriously affect the operational efficiency and safety of the train. However, the existing diagnosis methods cannot meet the dynamic and systematic requirements of modern high-speed train. It is necessary to develop more effective health monitoring and diagnosis techniques. In this paper, the state-of-art condition monitoring and fault detection systems and methods for axle-box bearing in maintenance, wayside and on-board are firstly introduced. Then, a review is presented including theoretical modeling and dynamic analysis of the coupled system of axle-box bearing and high-speed train, fault diagnosis of axle-box bearing based on signal processing and machine learning technologies from both positive and negative perspectives of dynamics. At last, the crucial points for further exploring methods and technologies in prognostics and health management of the axle-box bearing are summarized.