狭窄流道中Fahraeus效应研究进展

本文详细论述了毛细管和二维狭缝中流过血液时的Fahraeus效应研究历史及现状,给出了迄今为止得到的全部结论,并报道了笔者对狭缝缝隙中Fahraeus效应研究的最新进展。本文所涉及的内容对于微循环的理论与应用以至有关流变学仪器的设计优化都有重要意义。     

冠状毛细血管长度非线性变化及渗透作用下的毛细血管血液流动

建立冠状毛细血管内血流的血液动力学模型，研究毛细血管长度沿轴向的非线性变化及冠状毛细血管与周围组织的渗透和物质交换对血液流动的影响。考虑单根长弹性并具有通透性的冠状毛细血管，毛细血管长度非线性变化，毛细血管内血液为粘性不可压缩牛顿流体，跨壁滤过遵循Starling定律，血浆胶体渗透压和血浆蛋白浓度成线性关系。建立血管半径的无量纲方程，数值求解不同生理参数情况下，左心室壁不同层中毛细血管沿长度平均的无量纲半径和不同层毛细血管的平均流量。结果显示，冠状毛细血管与周围组织的渗透和物质交换及毛细血管长度沿轴向的非线性变化对平均无量纲半径和平均出口流量几乎没有影响；而对弹性模量较小的毛细血管，则对心脏收缩期时的平均进口流量有不同程度的影响。     

肺毛细血管与组织间物质交换的双重介质模型

本文在文献[4]的基础上利用双重孔隙介质模型研究了肺毛细血管与组织间的物质交换。利用小参数展开的分析方法和数值计算方法求解了非线性的控制方程。通过比较说明在一般的生理条件下小参数展开法所得的解已能充分描述肺毛细血管和组织间的物质交换状况。最后文中还利用所得解分析了肺水肿形成的机理。     

A fractal approach to low velocity non-Darcy flow in a low permeability porous medium

In this paper, the mechanism for fluid flow at low velocity in a porous medium is analyzed based on plastic flow of oil in a reservoir and the fractal approach. The analytical expressions for flow rate and velocity of non-Newtonian fluid flow in the low permeability porous medium are derived, and the threshold pressure gradient （TPG） is also obtained. It is notable that the TPG （J） and permeability （K） of the porous medium analytically exhibit the scaling behavior J ~ K-D＇r/（l＋Or）, where DT is the fractal dimension for tortuous capillaries. The fractal characteristics of tortuosity for capillaries should be considered in analysis of non-Darcy flow in a low permeability porous medium. The model predictions of TPG show good agreement with those obtained by the available expression and experimental data. The proposed model may be conducible to a better understanding of the mechanism for nonlinear flow in the low permeability porous medium.     

Sprout Branching of Tumour Capillary Network Growth: Fractal Dimension and Multifractal Structure

A tumour vascular network, characterized as an irregularly stochastic growth, is different from the normal vascular network. We systematieally analyse the dependence of the branching. It is found that anastomosis of tumour on time is according to a number of tumour images, and both the fractal dimensions and multifractal spectra of the tumours are obtained. In the eases studied, the fractal dimensions of the tumour vascular network increase with time and the multifractal spectrum not only rises entirely but also shifts right. In addition, the best drug delivery stage is discussed according to the difference of the singularity exponent δα（δα = αmax - αmin）, which shows some change in the growth process of the tumour vascular network. A common underlying principle is obtained from our analysis along with previous results.     

输液中的物理知识

 物理知识、物理方法在医学中具有广泛的应用,物理理论、方法的发展促进医学诊断、治疗技术不断提高。下面就以简单的输液为例,看一看物理知识在医学中的应用。图1一、压强原理的应用封闭瓶式输液装置(图1)输液时,首先将药液瓶倒挂在输液架上,然后将进气针插入瓶塞,与药液连通,瓶中的部分药液流入进气管,但流入的药液并不多,进气管中的液面远远低于瓶中的液面,药液不会从进气管流出。原因主要是:瓶中的药液流入进气管后,其液面下降,使药液瓶上部气体的体积增大。     

毛细血管内原位血栓形成的MPS模拟

血小板在原位血栓形成过程中起着重要作用.本文将血液离散为具有血浆和血小板特性的粒子,根据原位血栓的生理形成过程提出了壁面吸附的血小板与被吸附的血小板间的吸附作用力模型,使用移动粒子半隐式方法(MPS)模拟了毛细血管受损壁面处血小板聚集形成原位血栓的过程.模拟结果再现了管壁面受损处原位血栓的形成过程,结果显示原位血栓形成...