往复泵自动球阀的精确运动微分方程及其数值解

综合考虑了液体可压缩性与泵阀运动的魏氏效应对液缸内液体连续流条件的影响,并考虑泵阀运动的动力特性,建立了描述往复泵自动球阀运动规律的精确运动微分方程,它是关于液缸内液体压力、泵阀升程与泵阀运动速度的一阶常微分方程组,在泵阀的整个运动周期内都不存在奇点．本文应用数值积分方法求解了该微分方程组．     

圆柱壳撞水时的弹塑性动力屈曲研究

本文研究圆柱壳在流固中冲击载荷下的弹塑性动力曲问题。建立了液体－气体－固体三相的数学模型。其中结构部分控制方程由弹塑性力学中关于加速度的最小原理获得，本构关系采用增量理论，液体假设为不可压缩，空气层认为最等熵压缩。分别讨论了不同冲击高度时压力变化规律，屈曲对载荷的影响。屈曲沿壳长的分布及发展规律等。     

Nonlinear instability of an annular liquid sheet exposed to gas flow

Nonlinear instability and breakup of an annular liquid sheet has been modeled in this paper. The liquid sheet is considered to move axially and is exposed to co-flowing inner and outer gas streams. Also, the effect of outer gas swirl on sheet breakup has been studied. In the developed model a perturbation expansion method has been used with the initial magnitude of the disturbance as the perturbation parameter. This is a comprehensive model in that other geometries of planar sheet and a coaxial jet can be obtained as limiting cases of very large inner radius and inner radius equal to zero, respectively. In this temporal analysis, the effect of liquid Weber number, initial disturbance amplitude, inner gas-to-liquid velocity ratio, outer gas-to-liquid velocity ratio and outer gas swirl strength on the breakup time is investigated. The model is validated by comparison with earlier analytical studies for the limiting case of a planar sheet as well as with experimental data of sheet breakup length available in literature. It is shown that the linear theory cannot predict breakup of an annular sheet and the developed nonlinear model is necessary to accurately determine the breakup length. In the limiting case of a coaxial jet, results show that gas swirl destabilizes the jet, makes helical modes dominant compared to the axisymmetric mode and decreases jet breakup length. These results contradict earlier linear analyses and agree with experimental observations. For an annular sheet, it is found that gas flow hastens the sheet breakup process and shorter breakup lengths are obtained by increasing the inner and the outer gas velocity. Axially moving inner gas stream is more effective in disintegrating the annular sheet compared to axially moving outer gas stream. When both gas streams are moving axially, the liquid sheet breakup is quicker compared to that with any one gas stream. In the absence of outer gas swirl, the axisymmetric mode is the dominant instability mode. However, when outer gas flow has a swirl component higher helical modes become dominant. With increasing outer gas swirl strength, the maximum disturbance growth rate increases and the most unstable circumferential wave number increases resulting in a highly asymmetric sheet breakup with shorter breakup lengths and thinner ligaments.     

Wave resistance of a viscous liquid

In this paper we examine the resistance encountered by a system of normal stresses during its rectilinear motion along the surface of a viscous liquid of infinite depth. The problem is solved in the linear formulation, i.e., it is assumed that amplitudes of the waves which arise are small and the waves are shallow. The solution for the two-and three-dimensional problems is obtained in the general case in closed form. In the two-dimensional case a detailed study is made of the case when a constant pressure p₀, moving with the constant velocity U, is given on a segment of length 2l. In the three-dimen-sional problem the case is studied when the normal stress is concentrated on a segment of a straight line of length 2l, which can replace a ship moving along a straight course with the constant velocity U. The integrals obtained in both cases are studied using the stationary phase method, the application of which for the three-dimensional integrals with respect to a volume with boundaries is justified in §1 of the paper. As a result we obtain equations for the wave resistance in the two- (§2) and three-dimensional (§3) cases.     

饱和非饱和土壤中溶质运移的数值模拟

本文结合拉格朗日观点的运动坐标与欧拉观点的固定坐标,分别求解对流—弥敌方程的对流效应和弥散效应,并在从固定坐标向运动坐标投影时利用了三次样条插值方法,使模型更为精确而简单。通过与特定情况下的理论解比较,说明模型是准确可靠的。通过与实验室室内试验结果的比较,模型的可靠性得到了进一步的验证。利用模型对淡水洗盐结合浅群井抽排咸水治理盐碱地过程的模拟分析,认为结合浅群井抽排可较大地提高淡水洗盐的效果。     

液粒凝固过程的动力学理论

在平均场的概念下对液态粒子的凝固过程提出了一个简化的液-固-气-雾(LSGF)数学模型,并在小过冷度的条件下,求出了有关初值问题的一致有效渐近解. 结果表明:整个动力学过程可以分为两个相互联结的时间阶段. (1) 液粒初始温度分布的瞬态过渡阶段. 在这个阶段,凝固尚未正式启动,只是系统内的温度从任意给定的初始分布迅速调整到某一特定空间分布. (2)液粒向固粒转变阶段. 在这一阶段,液-固两相开始分离,相界面逐渐向液粒中心传播,直至液相完全消失. 进而以铜为例,讨论了液态粒子在不同生长条件与物理参数下的凝固时间与凝固过程中的温度分布的演化规律.      

Moving line crack accompanied with damage zone subject to remote tensile loading

In the 1920s, a closed-form solution of the moving Griffith crack was first obtained by Yoffe. Based on Yoffe's solution, the Dugdale model for the moving crack case gives a good result. However, the Dugdale model fails when the crack speed is closed to the Rayleigh wave speed because of the discontinuity occurred in the crack opening displacement (COD). The problem is solved in this paper by introducing a restraining stress zone ahead of the crack tip and two velocity functions. The restraining stresses are linearly distributed and related to the velocity of the moving crack. An analytical solution of the problem is obtained by use of the superposition principle and a complex function method. The final result of the COD is continuous while the crack moves at a Rayleigh wave speed. The characteristics of the strain energy density (SED) and numerical results are discussed, and conclusions are given.     

按广义坐标建立具有移动质量的箱梁振动方程

在文献（５）讨论移动荷载作用于箱梁的基础上，进一步考虑了移动质量对梁的动力作用；推导，建立了与前者性质，形式完全不同的变系数振动方程，并用数值方法救是解答，算例验证了本文建立了振动方程是正确的。     

An evaluation of a 3D free‐energy‐based lattice Boltzmann model for multiphase flows with large density ratio

In this paper, the 3D Navier–Stokes (N–S) equation and Cahn–Hilliard (C–H) equations were solved using a free‐energy‐based lattice Boltzmann (LB) model. In this model, a LB equation with a D3Q19 velocity model is used to recover continuity and N–S equations while another LB equation with D3Q7 velocity model for solving C–H equation (Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fluids, 2008; 56 :1653–1671) is applied to solve the 3D C–H equation. To avoid the excessive use of computational resources, a moving reference frame is adopted to allow long‐time simulation of a bubble rising. How to handle the inlet/outlet and moving‐wall boundary conditions are suggested. These boundary conditions are simple and easy for implementation. This model's performance on two‐phase flows was investigated and the mass conservation of this model was evaluated. The model is validated by its application to simulate the 3D air bubble rising in viscous liquid (density ratio is 1000). Good agreement was obtained between the present numerical results and experimental results when Re is small. However, for high‐Re cases, the mass conservation seems not so good as the low‐Re case. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

重力环境下液体大幅晃动运动脉动球模型及实验研究

现代航天器通常携带大量的液体推进剂, 在航天器的姿态发生变化的过程中, 由于惯性力和重力的作用, 可能会导致液体燃料发生剧烈晃动, 由此产生附加的晃动力会对航天器造成重要影响. 为了得到液体晃动的规律并满足星载计算机实时计算的要求, 本文研究并验证了一种用于等效液体大幅晃动的动力学模型. 首先将液体大幅晃动运动脉动球模型MPBM推广到重力环境中, 通过脉动球的牛顿?欧拉动力学方程和“呼吸运动”过程中能量关系式, 推导出晃动力法向分量的表达式. 同时, 引入不参与晃动的液体的等效模型, 使得液体质心位置的计算更加准确. 通过和文献中实验数据以及CFD软件的计算结果进行比较, 分别验证了推广的MPBM模型在大幅晃动、零动量机动工况下的有效性, 并基于该等效模型, 研究了脉冲激励的不同时序对航天器中液体晃动响应的影响. 最后, 设计并搭建了用于精确测量液体晃动力的实验平台, 验证了MPBM模型在等效非球形储箱的液体晃动时也同样可以很好地反应出晃动力的变化趋势. 本文的研究工作对进一步研究重力环境中充液航天器刚–液耦合动力学行为具有重要的参考价值.