空间外差光谱仪光谱降噪方法研究

空间外差光谱仪是一种新式的超高分辨率光谱仪，可用于大气监测、卫星遥感等领域。为了减少空间外差光谱信号中的噪声，提出基于提升小波变换结合中值滤波方法来实现信号的降噪。改进的提升小波变换融合了一种双因子的阈值函数、分层阈值选取。与小波变换的软、硬阈值对比发现，它能提取空间外差光谱，减小峰宽和保留重要的细节特征，降噪效果优于小波变换的软、硬阈值法。最后用信噪比和均方误差两项定量指标来衡量算法的效果。实验结果表明:该算法比软阈值法在处理氙灯和积分球时信噪比提高了24.6%和31%，均方误差减少了43.2%和51.5%；与硬阈值法相比信噪比提高了21.5%和30.6%，均方误差减少了40.2%和51.2%。因此，算法在空间外差光谱降噪方面具有可行性。     

国际次声监测研讨会

全面核禁试条约第三届全球次声监测工作研讨会于1997年8月25至28日在美国新墨西哥州西班牙式的古城圣菲举行．会议云集了中国、美国、法国、俄罗斯、阿根廷、澳大利亚等5大洲12个国家61位活跃在次声学科领域的研究人员、政府官员以及联合国临时技术秘书等要员，围绕着全球次声监测中的7个专题进行报告和讨论，它们依次为：欢声阵的设计和信号处理，次声阵性能和减噪设备；法国欢声监测系统，国际次声监测系统60个站网的能力模型，对流层风对长距离次声传播的影响，高空风对次声同性能的影响，渗透管的特性以及对次声监测的减噪作用，欢声减噪器；爆炸检测，声遥感技术对爆炸源能量的估计，小当量地下，地面和近地面爆炸远距离声传     

固体间界面的物理模型和界面对声波的反射

简要描述了模拟两固体间界面特性的弹簧模型，该模型最早是根据静力学方法提出的，后来用固体间界面薄层的声波反射方法加以改进，从界面弹簧模型可以方便地得到界面外近似边界条件，其中包含界面“弹簧”振子的劲度常数和质量，文章还给出了两相间固体中界面声反射系数的表达式，介绍了测量界面劲度常数的超声反射谱方法。最后讨论了仍关声波与界面相互作用研究领域中最近的一些研究进展。     

声波在一维声子晶体中共振隧穿的研究

通过从实验和理论方面对声波在一维声子晶体单晶体和被小的共振腔分开的双晶体中传播时发生的隧穿和共振隧穿现象的研究，观察到了声子晶体单晶体在带隙频率范围内发生的隧穿现象，而对于双晶体样品，在带隙频率范围内出现了很强的共振透射峰.共振发生时，实验测得的群时间很大，但是没有共振时，群速度却很快. 关键词： 声波 声子晶体 隧穿 共振     

Multi-path propagation of acoustical wave and time reversal field in a solid plate

The multi-path effect of the acoustical wave in a solid plate is studied. The multireflection and wave conversion of the cylindrical compressional and shear waves, which are excited by an infinite strip on a free surface of the solid plate, are analyzed thoroughly by the far-field approximation method. The concise analytical representations of the cylindrical waves are obtained. The time reversal processing is then applied to the propagation of the cylindrical waves and analyzed theoretically and experimentally. It is shown that the waves coming from different array elements and different paths all arrive at the original place after the time reversal operation. It indicates that the time reversal can compensate automatically the wave aberration caused by the multi-path effect. The self-adaptive focusing of the time reversal field is also analyzed quantificationally by the focusing gain and the ratio of the principal to the second lobe. The effects of the focus position and the aperture of the transducer array on the focused field are also investigated. It shows that theoretical and experimental results are consistent to each other very well.     

Analytical Study of Nonlinear Dust Acoustic Waves in Two-Dimensional Dust Plasma with Dust Charge Variation

The nonlinear dust acoustic waves in two-dimensional dust plasma with dust charge variation is analytically investigated by using the formally variable separation approach. New analytical solutions for the governing equation of this system have been obtained for dust acoustic waves in a dust plasma for the first time. We derive exact analytical expressions for the general case of the nonlinear dust acoustic waves in two-dimensional dust plasma with dust charge variation.     

声纳技术及其在军事上的应用

 水声学是指以水波为对象研究水下通信、数据传输、目标检测和定位、识别、导航等方面的一门独特的科学。到目前为止,声波还是惟一能在深海中作远距离传输的能量形式,故它在军事上有着重要的用途。于是探测水下目标的技术---声纳技术便应运而生。所谓声纳(Sonar,SoundNavigationAndRanging的缩语),其原意是“声音导航和测距”的意思,是利用声波在水下进行侦察的工具。本文将给大家介绍一下水声探测技术的基础知识、声纳的工作原理及其在军事上的应用。一、水声探测技术的基础知识大家知道声波是一种弹性波。     

Spatial Characteristics of Head-Related Transfer Function

The spatial characteristics of head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) are studied by a spatial Fourier analysis.A law of the HRTF spatial sampling in different elevation planes is obtained, and the corresponding spatial interpolating method used to recover the continuous HRTF is proposed. The method is valid, for the average error between the measured and interpolated HRTFs in the horizontal plane is about 0.5%. These results provide guidance for the discrete spatial measurement of HRTFs.