Thermal Resistance Measurement across a Wick Structure Using a Novel Thermosyphon Test Chamber

A novel system is developed for measuring the thermal resistance across thin layers of sintered copper wicks of varying porosity. Wicks to be tested are integrated into a passive vertical thermosyphon system, and the resistance is measured for a series of input power levels. The wicks are sintered to a thermally conducting pedestal above a pool of deionized water and heated from below. The apparent thermal resistance across the wick (from the pedestal/wick interface to the vapor space) under the evaporative operating conditions encountered in heat pipes is measured using thermocouples. The apparent thermal resistance across the wick is measured to be as low as 0.01°C/W, corresponding to an evaporative heat transfer coefficient of greater than 128,000 W/m²K.     

An Experimental Study on Heat Transfer Coefficients of a CO2-Filled Thermosyphon

Abstract

Because carbon dioxide is ozone friendly and has negligible global warming potential, it has received renewed interest in recent years as an important alternative refrigerant. In this article, the heat transfer characteristics of a carbon dioxide-filled two-phase closed thermosyphon were investigated experimentally, and the empirical heat transfer correlations are reported. The heat transfer data were analyzed, and heat transfer coefficients were compared with conventional heat transfer correlations. The results represent that heat transfer correlation of the heated section can be expressed with Kutatelatze's correlation, and heat transfer coefficients of the condenser section are found to be in reasonable agreement with the Nusselt equation.     

基于格子玻尔兹曼的两相闭式环路热虹吸研究

两相闭式环路热虹吸(CLTPT)形成定向循环的动力来源是重力在蒸发器和冷凝器之间形成的压力差。本文通过修改Gong-Cheng相变LBM模型中重力项计算方式,成功模拟了CLTPT在沸腾和凝结相变共同作用下产生的自驱动现象,揭示了不同充液率下的多种两相流型的存在。发现对于本文设计的热虹吸管结构,在初始状态液相覆盖全部蒸发段的前提下,充液率越小,CLTPT的周期性越复杂,越难达到稳定运行状态,系统自循环时均质量流量更小,同时蒸发段时均温度更低。     

Heat transfer from a vertical tube bundle under natural circulation conditions

A rectangular loop (thermosyphon) was used to measure the average heat transfer coefficients for water at atmospheric pressure under natural circulation conditions. A twenty-one tube bundle with tubes 1.65 m long and 9.55 mm in diameter, and a pitch-to-diameter ratio of 1.33, was used as a test heat exchanger in one of the vertical legs of the loop. A natural circulation flow in the loop developed due to buoyancy differences of the fluid in its two vertical legs. Flow visualization experiments were performed to determine the flow regimes associated with natural circulation flow longitudinal to a tube bundle. Empirical correlations for the average Nusselt number have been developed and are reported. Grid spacers arranged on tube bundles were shown to enhance heat transfer, especially for laminar flow, without any noticeable increase in pressure drop.     

Utilization of Fly Ash Nanofluids in Two-phase Closed Thermosyphon for Enhancing Heat Transfer

This study investigates how fly ash nanofluids affect the thermal performance of a two-phase closed thermosyphon at various states of operation. The utilization of nanofluids obtained from X₂O₃-type oxides, such as Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, or CuO, on the improvement of two-phase closed thermosyphon performance was reported in a number of studies in the literature. The present study experimentally demonstrated the effect of using a nanofluid obtained from fly ash comprised of various types of metal oxides in varying ratios on improving the performance of a two-phase closed thermosyphon. The fly ash was obtained from the flue gas that was captured in the cyclones of the Yatagan thermal power plant (Turkey). Triton X-100 (Dow Chemical Company) dispersant was used in the study to produce the 0.2% (wt) fly ash/water nanofluid via direct synthesis. A straight copper tube with an inner diameter of 13 mm, outer diameter of 15 mm, and length of 1 m was used as the two-phase closed thermosyphon. The nanofluid filled 33.3% (44.2 ml) of the volume ofthe two-phase closed thermosyphon. Three heating power levels (200, 300, and 400 W) were used in the experiments with three different flow rates of cooling water (5, 7.5, and 10 g/s) used in the condenser for cooling the system. A increase of 26.39% was achieved in the efficiency of the two-phase closed thermosyphon when 4% (wt) fly ash containing nanofluid was used to replace deionized water at a heat load of 200 W and with a cooling water flow rate of 5 g/s.     

Two-Phase Closed-Loop Thermosyphon for Electronic Cooling

This study experimentally investigated the thermal performance of a two-phase closed-loop thermosyphon with a thermal resistance model for electronic cooling. The evaporator, rising tube, condenser, and falling tube, which are the four main devices, formed a closed-loop system with water as the working fluid. The experimental parameters were the evaporator surface type, fill ratio of working fluid, and input heating power. The results indicated that the evaporator and condenser thermal resistance decrease with increasing input heating power. The condenser thermal resistance clearly increased with increasing fill ratio. A groove-type evaporator surface with 0.2 mm height and 1 mm width had the best performance, decreasing the evaporator thermal resistance about 15.5% compared to a smooth surface. Correlations for evaporator and condenser thermal resistance were also developed, and their precisions, when compared with the experimental data, were about 9.6 and 11.6%, respectively. Because of the intermittent boiling mechanism at 47% fill ratio with input heating power from 60 to 80 W, the temperature showed obvious oscillations with the smooth evaporator surface.     

低温热管传热性能的实验研究

热管是一种高效的传热元件,低温热管可望在超导磁体冷却、空间探索方面获得广泛应用.本文对热虹吸管的传热特性进行了实验研究.研究结果表明,在同样加热功率的条件下,与相同形状和尺寸的紫铜导热棒相比,在加热功率较高的条件下,低温热管的传热性能远远优于紫铜棒的传热性能,完全能够满足超导磁体的冷却要求.     

聚光型光伏电池冷却热管蒸发端的数值模拟

针对碟式聚光型太阳能光伏电池效率受温度制约的问题,采用两相闭式热虹吸管(重力热管)散热的方式,工质采用水.热管的蒸发端与聚光太阳能电池接触,其温度场对电池性能和热管效率影响显著.通过FLuENT建立了蒸发端底部的数学模型,计算过程中考虑热流密度、蒸汽饱和温度以及充液量对蒸发端性能的影响.计算结果表明,在聚光倍数为140...     

N─甲基吡咯烷酮两相闭式热虹吸管传热特性的实验研究

本文报道了用Ｎ—甲基吡咯烷酮（Ｃ５Ｈ９ＮＯ３）为工质以光滑管与三维内翅片管为管壳制成的两相闭式逆流热虹吸管的传热特性。实验结果表明在工作温度为２２０～３５０℃，热负荷为８．２～１７．３ｋＷ／ｍ２范围内光滑热虹吸管蒸发段与凝结段换热系数的积分平均值分别约为１７００Ｗ／ｍ２·℃和１６００Ｗ／ｍ２·℃。由于三维翅片的强化传热作用，使三维内翅片热虹吸管蒸发段与凝结段换热系数分别比光滑管增大了２０％～４０％和７０％～１６０％。实验表明Ｎ—甲基吡咯烷酮综合传热性能优于萘，可望作为中温热管工质使用。     

INTERNAL HEAT TRANSFER TO VISCOELASTIC FLOWS THROUGH POROUS MEDIA

Heat transfer and pressure drop were measured for flow of water, mineral oil, and aqueous solutions of viscoelastic polymers through a vertical tube filled with porous media. The heated stainless steel test section has an inside diameter of 2.25 cm, and is 200 diameters long. The porosity was varied from 0.32 to 0.68 by using uniform spherical glass beads. Uniform heat flux thermal boundary condition was imposed by passing direct electric current through the tube wall. Over a range of the parameters 8 < Re < 31,000, 7 < Pr < 245, 0.22 < d/D < 0.6, and polymer concentration from 100 to 500 parts per million, the friction factor data for Newtonian fluids agreed with the predictions in the literature. Drag reduction was noticed in the turbulent flow of dilute viscoelastic polymer solutions (Praestol at 100 and 200 wppm; polyox at 500 wppm) at φ < 0.68. Viscoelastic effect on heat transfer was insignificant. A new correlation was proposed for predicting heat transfer to Newtonian as well as viscoelastic flows through confined porous media.