Study of temperature distribution of sliding block with asperity surface

In this study, a numerical thermal model is developed for sliding block contact under various loads, sliding velocities and surface roughness. The temperature distributions are shown for perfectly insulated thermal conditions along noncontact surfaces. For a particular five‐peaks contact model, the maximum temperature at the central peak is slightly lhigher than the others. The temperature profile decreases as the distance to the symmetry axis increases, and then decreases dramatically at the noncontact area. It is clear to see that the maximum temperature locates at the symmetry central peak of the asperity contact area instead of the leading head of the smooth surface. The maximum temperature rise parameter increases as the pressure, sliding velocity and asperity roughness increased or conductivity decreased. This phenomenon becomes obvious for cases at high pressure, velocity and roughness and low conductivity. Particularly, the influence of roughness is not significant for low velocity. Similar results are found for the maximum temperature rise parameter difference between peaks or peaks/valleys. The simulation results of this asperity surface sliding block contact model are able to provide essential information for the components of microelectro—mechanical systems (MEMS) and biochemical reaction mechanism. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于基底长度的粗糙表面分形接触模型的构建与分析

为建立更为精确的粗糙表面接触模型,根据微凸体变形特征、分形理论以及摩擦的作用,从微观角度基于基底长度建立了粗糙表面分形接触模型.通过与其他粗糙表面接触模型和实验数据的比较,验证了本文模型的正确与合理,并由数值仿真分析了分形维数、接触载荷与真实接触面积之间的相互关系.分析结果表明:特征尺度一定时,要维持一定的真实接触面积,分形维数越大,所需要的力也越大;分形维数与特征尺度一定时,随着载荷的增加,接触面积也在增加;特征尺度与接触力一定时,随着分形维数的增大,真实接触面积在减小.该模型的建立为进一步研究粗糙表面的摩擦、磨损与润滑提供了理论依据.     

动态裂纹扩展中的裂纹滞留现象

借助于Ｊ．Ｒ．Ｗｉｌｉｓ等（１９９５）的动态权函数和Ｒｉｃｅ等（１９９４）的模拟方法，本文研究了裂纹前方开始环绕和穿透介质中各种粗糙微粒而形成粗糙的裂纹表面等非稳定现象．数值结果表明：在Ⅰ型情形，振荡性裂纹前缘运动源于应力强度波的建设性—破坏性相互作用．这些波包括膨胀波、剪切波和瑞利波系，彼此相互干涉且与裂纹运动边界相互作用，导致了裂纹前方扩展路径和扩展速度的连续波动．     

H70黄铜-OCr18Ni9不锈钢滑动磨损表面材料的相互转移之研究

作者对H70黄铜(销)—OCr18Ni9不锈钢(盘)在真空(6.65×10~(-3)Pa)和大气中滑动磨损表面材料的相互转移进行了研究,并且提出了摩擦表面的原子扩散模型。文章指出,由于摩擦的热效应致使表面原子的扩散加剧,不论是软材料还是硬材料,它们的表面微凸体在滑动摩擦过程中都可能发生局部熔化,因而磨损表面出现了材料的相互转移,即使是硬材料中的Fe原子也转移到了软材料黄铜销的磨损表面上。销材料中的Zn原子在摩擦温度较高时的扩散系数是Cu原子的2～3倍,故在摩擦副的两个磨损表面都有Zn原子富集,且以真空下的更加明显。     

靶材表面粗糙度对GCr15钢表面激光毛化微突体形貌的影响

对不同粗糙度GCr15钢表面激光毛化微突体形貌的几何尺寸、金相组织及各区域表面显微硬度进行了分析.结果表明:粗糙钢表面对激光能量的吸收率高于镜面试样,因此粗糙表面激光毛化微突体的高度比镜面试样的略高;但粗糙表面微突体端部的淬火区组织会因金属蒸发而产生孔洞而降低表面的显微硬度,从而影响表面的耐磨性.为了得到较细化的金相组织而又不产生金属蒸发现象,在控制激光毛化参数条件下,应该尽可能地降低靶材的表面粗糙度,一般应保证Ra≤0.4μm.     

Finite element analysis of large contact deformation of an elastic–plastic sinusoidal asperity and a rigid flat

Normal contact deformation of an asperity and a rigid flat is studied within an axisymmetric finite element model. The asperity features a sinusoidal profile and is elastic–plastic with linear strain hardening. Influences of geometrical (asperity height and width) and loading (the maximum interference) parameters on frictionless contact responses are explored for both loading and unloading. Dimensionless expressions for contact size and pressures covering a large range of interference and asperity ratio values are obtained in power-law forms. Results show the mean contact pressure after fully-plastic contact reaches a plateau only for small asperity ratios, while it continues increasing for large asperity ratios. The residual depth is found to be associated with plastically dissipated energy.     

A discrete dislocation plasticity analysis of a single-crystal semi-infinite medium indented by a rigid surface exhibiting multi-scale roughness

Discrete dislocation plasticity was used to analyse plane-strain indentation of a single-crystal elastic–plastic semi-infinite medium by a rigid surface exhibiting multi-scale roughness, characterised by self-affine (fractal) behaviour. Constitutive rules of dislocation emission, glide and annihilation were used to model short-range dislocation interactions. Dislocation multiplication and the development of subsurface shear stresses due to asperity microcontacts forming between a single-crystal medium and a rough surface were examined in terms of surface roughness and topography (fractal) parameters, slip-plane direction and spacing, dislocation source density, and contact load (surface interference). The effect of multi-scale interactions between asperity microcontacts on plasticity is elucidated in light of results showing the evolution of dislocation structures. Numerical solutions yield insight into plastic flow of crystalline materials in normal contact with surfaces exhibiting multi-scale roughness.     

端面微形体对液体润滑机械密封性能的影响

针对等深(高)凹(凸)微形体端面液体润滑机械密封,采用有限元法求解等温及层流不可压缩二维Reynolds方程研究了在端面开启力与闭合力平衡的状态下,圆形、正方形、六边形和三角形等不同凹(凸)微形体端面机械密封的平均液膜厚度、摩擦扭矩、液膜刚度和泄漏量等密封参数随微形体面积比的变化规律,并比较了"凹"、"凸"2种微形体端面机械密封的性能.结果表明:微形体面积比对密封性能影响较大,且"凸"微形体端面密封的性能参数所受影响较"凹"微形体密封大;在相同工况和面积比条件下,"凹"微形体端面密封的综合性能优于"凸"微形体端面密封.     

粗糙峰微接触及其对润滑的影响

根据椭圆弹塑性接触模型,提出了流量因子影响模型,给出了几个该模型的应用计算实例．计算结果表明,该模型与粗糙表面的实际润滑状况有较好的一致性．通过算例分析,发现粗糙峰弹塑性变形对流量因子的影响主要决定于表面综合属性、弹性和塑性变形量．     

弹塑性微凸体侧向接触相互作用能耗

传统的结合面研究多基于光滑刚性平面与等效粗糙表面接触假设,忽略了结合面上微凸体侧向接触及相邻微凸体之间的相互作用,这导致理论模型与实际结合面存在较大出入.针对承受法向静、动态力的机械结合面,从微观上研究了微凸体侧向接触及相互作用的接触能耗.将法向静、动态力分解为法向分力和切向分力,获取弹性/弹塑性/塑性阶段考虑微凸体侧接触及相互作用的加、卸载法向分力-变形和切向分力-位移的关系.通过力的合成定理,从而获取加、卸载法向合力与总变形之间的关系,由于法向分力产生的塑性变形及切向分力产生的摩擦,导致加载、卸载法向合力-总变形曲线存在迟滞回线.通过对一个加、卸载周期内的法向合力-总变形曲线积分,获得一个周期的微凸体接触能耗,包括应变能耗及摩擦能耗.仿真分析表明:微凸体在3个阶段的能耗均随变形的增大而非线性增大.微凸体侧向接触角度越大,能耗越大,且在弹性阶段最为明显.在弹性阶段,仅存在侧向的摩擦能耗,故结合面在低载荷作用下必须采用双粗糙表面假设.在塑性阶段,由于微凸体接触能耗为应变能耗,且接触角对其能耗影响甚微,故结合面在大载荷作用下可采用单平面假设对其进行研究.相对于KE和Etsion模型,本文提出的模型与Bartier的实验结果更吻合.