A note on commutators of Hardy operators

Fu and Lu et al. 7 showed that the commutator $\mathcal {H}_{\beta ,b}$ generated by the fractional Hardy operator and a locally integrable function b is bounded on the homogenous Herz spaces if and only if b is a central bounded mean oscillation function. We show that their result is optimal by giving a counterexample.     

Definable nilpotent and soluble envelopes in groups without the independence property

We prove that in a group without the independence property a nilpotent subgroup is always contained in a definable nilpotent subgroup of the same nilpotency class. The analogue for the soluble case is also shown when the subgroup is normal in the ambient group.     

Spectral multipliers for Laplacians with drift on Damek–Ricci spaces

We prove a multiplier theorem for certain Laplacians with drift on Damek–Ricci spaces, which are a class of Lie groups of exponential growth. Our theorem generalizes previous results obtained by W. Hebisch, G. Mauceri and S. Meda on Lie groups of polynomial growth.     

广义Pell方程Ax^2-By^2=4的通解公式

主要运用 Lucas 数的奇偶性,讨论了当 A, B 是适合 A〉1,2-AB 且 AB 非平方数的正整数时,广义 Pell 方程的整数解（x, y）,即给出了方程 Ax^2 -By^2=4适合gcd（x, y）=1的整数解（x, y）的通解公式。     

Metric complements of overt closed sets

We show that the set of points of an overt closed subspace of a metric completion of a Bishop‐locally compact metric space is located. Consequently, if the subspace is, moreover, compact, then its collection of points is Bishop‐compact. © 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim     

Chain homogeneous Souslin algebras

Assuming Jensen's principle ?⁺ we construct Souslin algebras all of whose maximal chains are pairwise isomorphic as total orders, thereby answering questions of Koppelberg and Todor?evi?.     

Maximum Order of Triangle‐Free Graphs with a Given Rank

The rank of a graph is defined to be the rank of its adjacency matrix. A graph is called reduced if it has no isolated vertices and no two vertices with the same set of neighbors. We determine the maximum order of reduced triangle‐free graphs with a given rank and characterize all such graphs achieving the maximum order.     

On exponential stability of nonlinear Volterra difference equations in phase spaces

Using a novel approach, we present some new explicit criteria for global exponential stability of the zero solution of general nonlinear Volterra difference equations in phase spaces. In particular, this gives a solution to an open problem posed very recently by E. Braverman and I. M. Karabash in Journal of Difference Equations and Applications 18 , 909–939 (2012). As an application, we apply the obtained results to study asymptotic behavior of equilibriums of discrete time neural networks.