Experimental study and numerical modeling of brittle fracture of carbonate rock under uniaxial compression

The brittle carbonate rock taken from the Tarim Oilfield is tested in laboratory under uniaxial compression. The acoustic emission (AE) is used to monitor the microcracking activity in rock during the experiment. Moreover, the 3D tomograms of carbonate rock after uniaxial compression are obtained by using CT imaging technology, which indicates that microcracks mutually interconnect and eventually form macroscopic fractures after failure. The PFC2D is used to model the behavior of brittle rock including microcracks propagation. The stress–strain curve and cracks distribution in rock model are obtained from the PFC simulation. The numerical results agree with the experimental test well.     

三酰甘油氧化聚合物的制备型快速柱层析-体积排阻色谱测定法

建立了一种简便、灵敏、无需内标的检测油脂中三酰甘油氧化聚合物(TGP)的分析方法。以制备型快速层析柱(PFC)(flash硅胶柱,20 g,40～60μm,6 nm)分离1 g油脂样品中极性组分(PC),经高效体积排阻色谱(HPSEC)(GPC柱,Ф7.8 mm×300 mm,粒径5μm,孔径10 nm)将PC细分为氧化三酰甘油寡聚物(TGO)、氧化三酰甘油二聚物(TGD)、氧化三酰甘油单体(ox-TGM)、二酰甘油(DG)、游离脂肪酸(FFA)。结合重量法测定油脂中PC、面积归一法测定PC中TGP,可准确定量油脂中的TGP含量。结果表明,TGO、TGD分别在28～1 800、11～2 800 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r2)分别为0.998 2、0.998 7,TGO及TGD的检出限(LOD)分别为28、11 mg/L,定量下限(LOQ)分别为113、44 mg/L;相当于油脂中TGP的LOD为0.01%。PFC-HPSEC法检测油脂TGP的相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于10%。PFC对3个PC加标水平(2.27%、8.47%、30.94%)的平均回收率为95%～98%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均低于4%。PFC-HPSEC方法与经典的硅胶柱-HPSEC方法定量油脂TGP的结果吻合度高,相对误差为0～8.9%。该方法能够在2 h内实现各种油脂中TGP含量的定量检测,包括使用过的废弃油脂与未使用的食用油脂,尤其适用于低含量TGP的初榨油和精炼油脂。     

砂土地基锚板基础抗拔承载力PFC数值分析

在模型试验的基础上,采用PFC离散单元法对条形锚板基础在中密砂土地基中的抗拔性能进行了数值分析。数值模拟采用簇颗粒单元来模拟砂粒的不规则形状,颗粒级配根据模型试验福建标准砂的级配按照相似级配法生成,细观参数根据数值双轴试验确定。水平锚板数值模拟结果与模型试验结果基本一致。与模型试验结果相比,颗粒流数值模拟能得到颗粒间接触力链的分布及其演化规律,能从细观角度来探明宏观抗拔承载力特性的演化机理。在此基础上对倾斜锚板上拔过程进行了模拟,分析了锚板前后砂粒的运动趋势以及接触力链的演化规律,并与已有承载力结果进行了对比分析。     

Oxidative Conversion of PFC via Plasma Processing with Dielectric Barrier Discharges

Perfluorocompounds (PFCs) have been extensively used as plasma etching andchemical vapor deposition (CVD) gases for semiconductor manufacturingprocesses. PFCs have significant effects on the global warming and havevery long atmospheric lifetimes. Laboratory-scale experiments were performedto evaluate the effectiveness of CF4 conversion by using dielectric barrierdischarges (DBD). The results of this study revealed that the removalefficiency of CF₄ increased with application of higher voltage, gas residence time, oxygen content, and frequency. Combined plasma catalysis(CPC) is an innovative way for abatement of PFC and experimental results indicated that combining plasma with catalysts could effectively remove CF4. Products were analyzed by Fourier transform–infrared spectroscopy (FT–IR) and the major products of the CF4 processing with DBD were CO2, COF2, and CO, when O was included in the discharge process. Preliminary results indicated that as high as 65.9% of CF4 was decomposed with CPC operated at 15 kV, 240 Hz for the gas stream containing 300 ppmv CF₄,20% by volume O₂, and 40% by volume Ar, with N₂ as thecarrier gas.     

Influences of misfit strains on liquid phase heteroepitaxial growth

Influences of misfit strains with different signs on liquid phase heteroepitaxial growth are studied by binary phase field crystal model. It is amazing to find that double islands are formed because of lateral and vertical separation. The morphological evolution of epitaxial layer depends on signs of misfit strains. The maximum atomic layer thickness of double islands under negative misfit strain is larger than that of under positive misfit strain at the same evolutional time, and size differences between light and dark islands is much smaller under negative misfit strain than that of under positive misfit strain. In addition, concentration field and density field approximately have similar variational law along x direction under the same misfit strain but show opposite variational trend under misfit strains with different signs. Generally, free energy of epitaxial growth systems keeps similar variational trend under misfit strains with different signs.     

不同采深煤(岩)体岩爆过程模拟分析

为了研究不同采深条件下诱发的岩体变形、岩爆、凸出和塌落特征,对采深120m~820m,间隔100m的8种工况开采后岩体破坏进行模拟。结合能量守恒理论和ΔU=Ue-U0来确定岩爆后由弹性势能转化为动能的ΔU。使用三维岩体爆破颗粒流模型将ΔU按照一定规则转化为岩爆飞石动能。模拟了各工况下开采后岩体变化情况,结果表明,采深为120m,220m和320m三种工况下不发生岩爆;420m开始发生岩爆;520m和620m在发生岩爆的同时也伴随开采面岩体凸出;720m和820m时具有岩爆、凸出和塌落现象。同时总结了岩爆特点,特别是提出岩爆是岩体系统为了保持自身能量平衡而向系统之外释放能量的过程。     

基于离散-连续耦合方法的隧道压力拱特性研究

隧道压力拱问题一直是隧道工程研究的关键问题,目前常用的连续介质数值模拟方法对于隧道压力拱特性的微观研究有所欠缺,而擅长微观力学研究的离散元数值模拟方法对计算机存储空间和计算时间的要求太高。基于现有离散-连续耦合思路,通过力的传递实现离散-连续模型的耦合;研究了耦合算法中的平均应力计算方法、平均应力计算区域面积及耦合程序遍历颗粒方法;基于自行开发优化的离散-连续耦合程序,模拟了隧道开挖后的围岩受力特性,研究了隧道压力拱形成机理及压力拱特性;计算了埋深分别为10 m,14 m,18 m,22 m,26 m,30 m和34 m情况下的隧道开挖产生的压力拱应力集中等效区域,揭示了隧道压力拱随着隧道埋深的变化规律。研究结果表明,自行开发优化的离散-连续耦合程序能在保证计算精度的前提下,充分发挥离散元方法在微观力学研究方面的优势;隧道开挖后,开挖面周边范围出现层状压力环,但在拱顶和仰拱底附近区域的围岩压力环的环间接触力降低,围岩承载能力急剧降低,形成压力拱;随着隧道埋深的增加,隧道压力拱应力集中等效区域减小,隧道周边围岩的压力拱承载能力越来越大;但当隧道埋深达到一定界限后,隧道压力拱高度趋于稳定。     

Facile Synthesis of Novel Perfluorocarbon‐Modulated 4‐Anilinoquinazoline Analogues

4‐Anilinoquinazoline analogues stand out among many kinds of small molecules that inhibit the tyrosine kinase activities of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR ), thus serving as significant molecular targets for anticancer drug design. Herein, a series of novel perfluorocarbon (PFC ) modulated 4‐anilinoquinazolines were designed and prepared straightforwardly by nucleophilic substitution reaction of various anilinoquinazolines and PFC ‐derived methanesulfonate. In the presence of base, the reaction proceeded smoothly to afford a wide range of 4‐anilinoquinazolines with different substituents on aniline moiety in good to high yields. Furthermore, the PFC ‐modified analogues of gefitinib and erlotinib were also obtained in 93% and 90% respectively, which may have potential for developing new inhibitors of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR ) tyrosine kinase and fluorinated contrast agents (CA ) for ¹⁹F MRI .     

American option prices in a Markov chain market model

This paper is a sequel to our previous paper ‘A New Paradigm in Asset Pricing’ in which we construct a model for asset pricing in a world where the randomness is modeled by a Markov chain. In this paper we develop a theory of optimal stopping and related variational inequalities for American options in this model. A version of Saigal's Lemma is established and numerical results obtained. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.