混合/流体润滑状态下原位离子液体添加剂的摩擦学性能研究

本工作重点研究了混合/流体润滑状态下原位离子液体添加剂的摩擦学性能,选用聚乙二醇(PEG-400)作基础油,将双(三氟甲基磺酰)亚胺锂盐(Li TFSI)溶解在PEG中原位合成离子液体.利用微型牵引力试验机测量在室温、60和80℃以及不同滑滚比下摩擦系数随卷吸速度的变化,研究离子液体添加剂的有效性以及离子液体添加剂对PEG流变行为的影响.本研究中将为深入研究离子液体的润滑机理提供一种新的研究手段,对于指导设计新型离子液体润滑材料具有较为重要的意义.     

基于时变啮合刚度的变位齿轮系统热弹流润滑研究

为探究动载荷作用下变位齿轮系统的热弹流润滑特性，综合考虑齿轮变位和时变啮合刚度的影响，基于动力学理论，建立了齿轮的六自由度摩擦动力学模型，分析振动与静载荷作用下变位齿轮系统的热弹流润滑特性. 研究表明:与其他传动类型相比，正传动齿轮系统的润滑效果最佳，轮齿间可以形成较厚的润滑油膜，轮齿间的摩擦系数、油膜的最高温升最小，并且，随着两齿轮变位系数和的增大，润滑状况不断得到改善，热胶合承载能力增强；变位系数增加使齿轮系统的刚度增大，但同时降低了油膜的刚度.      

不同压力角下自由端面对渐开线直齿轮弹流润滑性能的影响

区别于基于半空间理论的传统直齿轮弹流润滑模型，本文基于有限长空间解建立考虑轮齿自由端面影响的渐开线直齿轮有限长弹流润滑模型. 采用叠加法构造自由端面，矩阵法和半解析法求解自由端面的影响，快速傅里叶变换算法加速齿面弹性变形计算；采用统一Reynolds方程法求解油膜压力和油膜厚度. 以啮合节点为特征位置，分析比较不同压力角下自由端面对直齿轮弹流润滑的影响. 结果表明:与半空间模型比较，考虑自由端面后端面峰值压力降低，压力分布更均匀，最小油膜厚度增大；增大轮齿压力角，节点压力水平减小，油膜厚度增大；当压力角不同时，自由端面对齿轮弹流润滑压力峰值的影响基本相当，对最小膜厚的影响较大.      

四种次磷酸盐的合成

合成了次磷酸钙、次磷酸铁、次磷酸钡、次磷酸锌4种次磷酸盐，产率依次为94.7%、 98.1%、80.6%、 60.3%，粒径2~4 μm，其结构经SEM、 IR和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP)确证。      

添加剂和溶剂退火协同优化制备高性能厚膜有机太阳能电池

通过溶剂添加剂1-氯萘(CN)和二硫化碳(CS₂)溶剂退火(SVA)协同优化了基于窄带隙小分子受体的厚膜活性层形貌,揭示了该策略对共混膜形貌的调控机理,研究了其对活性层中的载流子动力学以及器件光伏性能的影响.结果表明,CN添加剂可以有效促进受体材料结晶聚集,CS₂溶剂退火能够进一步提升活性层材料分子堆积的有序性,同时优化给受体材料相分离尺寸,降低共混膜表面的粗糙度,实现了良好的纳米尺寸相分离形貌.基于CN+SVA处理的PM6∶Y6厚膜(300 nm)器件的电荷传输和复合性质得到改善,取得了15.23%的光电转换效率(PCE),显著高于未经处理(PCE=11.75%)和仅用CN处理(PCE=13.48%)的光伏器件.该策略具有良好的适用性,将基于PTQ10∶m-BTP-PhC6器件的光伏性能从13.22%提升至16.92%.     

碱性电解液中K3[Fe(CN)6]在锌阳极上的自发还原和吸附延长锌镍电池的循环寿命

In view of the continuously worsening environmental problems, fossil fuels will not be able to support the development of human life in the future. Hence, it is of great importance to work on the efficient utilization of cleaner energy resources. In this case, cheap, reliable, and eco-friendly grid-scale energy storage systems can play a key role in optimizing our energy usage. When compared with lithium-ion and lead-acid batteries, the excellent safety, environmental benignity, and low toxicity of aqueous Zn-based batteries make them competitive in the context of large-scale energy storage. Among the various Zn-based batteries, due to a high open-circuit voltage and excellent rate performance, Zn-Ni batteries have great potential in practical applications. Nevertheless, the intrinsic obstacles associated with the use of Zn anodes in alkaline electrolytes, such as dendrite, shape change, passivation, and corrosion, limit their commercial application. Hence, we have focused our current efforts on inhibiting the corrosion and dissolution of Zn species. Based on a previous study from our research group, the failure of the Zn-Ni battery was caused by the shape change of the Zn anode, which stemmed from the dissolution of Zn and uneven current distribution on the anode. Therefore, for the current study, we selected K₃[Fe(CN)₆] as an electrolyte additive that would help minimize the corrosion and dissolution of the Zn anode. In the alkaline electrolyte, [Fe(CN)₆]^3– was reduced to [Fe(CN)₆]^4– by the metallic Zn present in the Zn-Ni battery. Owing to its low solubility in the electrolyte, K₄[Fe(CN)₆] adhered to the active Zn anode, thereby inhibiting the aggregation and corrosion of Zn. Ultimately, the shape change of the anode was effectively eliminated, which improved the cycling life of the Zn-Ni battery by more than three times (i.e., from 124 cycles to more than 423 cycles). As for capacity retention, the Zn-Ni battery with the pristine electrolyte only exhibited 40% capacity retention after 85 cycles, while the Zn-Ni battery with the modified electrolyte (i.e., containing K₃[Fe(CN)₆]) showed 72% capacity retention. Moreover, unlike conventional organic additives that increase electrode polarization, the addition of K₃[Fe(CN)₆] not only significantly reduced the charge-transfer resistance in a simplified three-electrode system, but also improved the discharge capacity and rate performance of the Zn-Ni battery. Importantly, considering that this strategy was easy to achieve and minimized additional costs, K₃[Fe(CN)₆], as an electrolyte additive with almost no negative effect, has tremendous potential in commercial Zn-Ni batteries.     

高效液相色谱-电喷雾检测器法测定香精香料中甜蜜素的含量北大核心CSCD

香精香料是食品添加剂中的一个重要组成部分,由人工调配混合而成,其中含有2种或2种以上的香料,一般由天然提取香料、化学试剂、合成香料、甜味剂等多种成分构成[1]。随着香精香料使用范围的不断扩大,人们对香精香料质量控制等问题的关注度越来越高[2]。目前,为加强食品添加剂的规范生产经营,国家标准GB2760-2014《食品安全国家标准食品添加剂使用标准》对一些易滥用食品添加剂进行了严格的限量规定[3]。     

高分子固体润滑材料研究进展

固体润滑可有效降低摩擦系数和磨损率,大大延长基材使用寿命,已成为工业领域应用于低速、重载和高低温等工况下机械运动件摩擦副的关键技术之一。高分子固体润滑替代或者配合流体润滑,利用高分子粉末、薄膜或复合材料避免金属间的直接接触,形成低摩擦润滑介质实现减摩耐磨。本文概述了粘结固体润滑涂层(BSLCs)、固体润滑块(SSLs)、固体润滑膏(SLPs)以及自润滑复合材料(SLCs)四类高分子固体润滑材料(PSLMs)的研究进展,着重论述以水性环氧(WEP)、水性聚氨酯(WPU)、水性聚酰胺酰亚胺(WPAI)为粘结剂的水性粘结固体润滑涂层研究现状。最后,结合当前研发现状以及固体润滑技术在工业应用中的短板,展望了高分子固体润滑材料未来发展趋势。