Novel,Mild, and Highly Efficient Method for the Synthesis of 2-Arylbenzothiazoles by the Oxidation of 2-Arylbenzothiazolines with Silicon Lewis Acids

Oxidation of structurally diverse 2-arylbenzothiazolines to give the corresponding 2-arylbenzothiazoles has been carried out in benzene using dimethyldichlorosilane and trimethylchlorosilane. Short reaction times, mild reaction conditions, easy and quick isolation of the products, and excellent yields are the main advantages of this procedure.     

Simultaneous determination of estrogenic and androgenic hormones in water by isotope dilution gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

A rapid gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) analytical method was developed for the simultaneous analysis of 7 estrogenic hormones (17α-estradiol, 17β-estradiol, estrone, mestranol, 17α-ethynylestradiol, levonorgestrel, estriol) and 5 androgenic hormones (testosterone, androsterone, etiocholanolone, dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione) in aqueous matrices. This method is unique in its inclusion of all 12 of these estrogens and androgens and is of particular value due to its very short chromatographic run time of 15 min. The use of isotope dilution for all analytes ensures the accurate quantification, accounting for analytical variabilities that may be introduced during sample processing and instrumental analysis. Direct isotopically labelled analogues were used for 8 of the 12 hormones and satisfactory isotope standards were identified for the remaining 4 hormones. Method detection levels (MDLs) were determined to describe analyte concentrations sufficient to provide a signal with 99% certainty of detection. The established MDLs for most analytes were 1-5 ngL(-1) in a variety of aqueous matrices. However, slightly higher MDLs were observed for etiocholanolone, androstenedione, testosterone, levonorgestrel and dihydrotestosterone in some aqueous matrices. Sample matrices were observed to have only a minor impact on MDLs and the method validation confirmed satisfactory method stability over intra-day and inter-day analyses of surface water and tertiary treated effluent samples.     

Rh-Mn-Li/SiO2催化剂上CO加氢制C2含氧化合物:载体硅烷化程度的影响

以三甲基氯硅烷为硅烷化试剂,对硅胶进行不同程度硅烷化预处理,采用浸渍法制备了其负载的Rh-Mn-Li催化剂,用于CO加氢制C₂含氧化合物的反应,并运用红外光谱、N₂吸附-脱附法、C含量测定、透射电镜、H₂程序升温还原和程序升温表面反应等手段对载体和催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,制得的不同硅烷化程度硅胶织构性质变化不大,它们负载的催化剂上Rh平均粒径均在3nm左右,硅烷化对催化剂吸附CO的形态和Rh的还原性能的影响均很小,但随着载体硅烷化程度的提高,催化剂上Rh解离CO的能力增加,因而其活性逐渐增加,且不影响C₂含氧化合物的选择性。     

MCM-41分子筛的表面修饰及其催化合成乙酸异戊酯

通过后合成处理将苄基、三甲基硅烷基和磺酸基接枝到MCM-41分子筛上,制备了一种新型的有机-无机杂化S-B-MCM-41催化剂.采用X射线衍射、低温N2吸附-脱附和酸碱滴定对样品的结构和质子酸量进行了表征和测定.结果表明,S-B-MCM-41催化剂较好地保持了MCM-41分子筛的介孔结构,BET比表面积高达798m2/g,质子酸量为4.0mmol/g.将S-B-MCM-41催化剂用于乙酸与异戊醇合成乙酸异戊酯的反应,考察了各种反应条件对酯化率的影响.在乙酸用量为0.1mol,异戊醇用量为0.15mol,催化剂用量为0.2g,带水剂甲苯为15ml,反应温度为110～125℃,反应时间为2h的优化条件下S-B-MCM-41上的酯化率可达99%以上;而MCM-41分子筛上的酯化率仅为54%.经3次重复使用后,S-B-MCM-41催化剂上的酯化率依然保持在90%以上.初步探讨了S-B-MCM-41催化剂催化合成乙酸异戊酯的反应机理.     

An improved procedure for syntheses of silyl derivatives of the cubeoctameric silicate anion

The reaction of the Si₈O₂₀^8? silicate anion with X(CH₃)₂SiCl (X?H or CH₃) has been studied to develop a cost‐effective procedure for synthesizing Si₈O₂₀[Si(CH₃)₂X]₈ in high yield. Use of hexane as solvent and adjustment of the reaction temperature to ca 20 °C were found to be effective in promoting the reaction, by which Si₈O₂₀[Si(CH₃)₂X]₈ could be produced in good yield employing 24 mol of X(CH₃)₂SiCl per mole of Si₈O₂₀^8?. It was also demonstrated that the yield of Si₈O₂₀[Si(CH₃)₂X]₈ depends on the amount of solvent, suggesting that the amount is an important factor when scaling up the reaction to produce a large quantity of Si₈O₂₀[Si(CH₃)₂X]₈. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Internal Rotation, Quadrupole Coupling, and Structure of (CH3)3SiCl Studied by Microwave Spectroscopy and ab Initio Calculation

The microwave spectrum of (CH₃)₃SiCl and its isotopic species (CH₃)₃Si³⁷Cl, (CH₃)₃²⁹SiCl, (CH₃)₃³⁰SiCl, and (¹³CH₃)(CH₃)₂SiCl has been studied in the frequency range of 3 to 40 GHz. The barrier to internal rotation, the chlorine quadrupole coupling, and the structure were determined. Ab initio calculation were compared with the experimental results.     

Trimethylchlorosilane, (CH3)3SiCl: OH reaction kinetics and infrared spectrum

Rate coefficients for the OH + (CH₃)₃SiCl (trimethylchlorosilane) gas-phase reaction were measured over the temperature range 295–375 K using a pulsed laser photolysis laser-induced fluorescence technique. The room temperature rate coefficient was determined to be k₁(295 K) = (2.51 ± 0.13) × 10⁻¹³ cm³ molecule^–1 s^–1. The Arrhenius expression k₁(T) = (7.06 ± 2.15) × 10⁻¹² exp[–(992 ± 101)/T] cm³ molecule^–1 s^–1, where the quoted uncertainties are 2σ fit precision, describes the measured temperature dependence very well. As part of this work, the infrared spectra of CH₃)₃SiCl was measured.     

The kinetics of silylation of hydroxylated silica 1: Aerosil

The kinetics of the silylation of hydroxylated silica, the non-porous Aerosil using trimethylchlorosilane, under various reaction conditions has been investigated by a gravimetric technique and found to follow the law: