Evaluation of alumina slurry dispersion by nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation as a comparison to conventional dispersion evaluation methods

In this paper, we evaluated the particle dispersion degree of alumina slurry containing a dispersant by solvent nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation and compared it with conventional dispersion evaluation methods such as viscosity, particle size, and sedimentation height measurements. The dispersion of slurry was evaluated via numerical analysis of the transverse relaxation time (T₂). The effect of the changes in different parameters of the experiment in terms of milling time, solid loading, and dispersant amount was investigated by NMR relaxation as well as conventional methods. The results of NMR relaxation measurements revealed that T₂ correlates well with other dispersion evaluation methods; thus, it is an efficient technique to evaluate the dispersion of alumina slurry, specifically, when studying the effect of the change in milling time and dispersion amount.     

UV-assisted degradation of propiconazole in a TiO2 aqueous suspension: identification of transformation products and the reaction pathway using GC/MS

Photocatalytic degradation of propiconazole, a triazole pesticide, in the presence of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) under ultraviolet (UV) illumination was performed in a batch type photocatalytic reactor. A full factorial experimental design technique was used to study the main effects and the interaction effects between operational parameters in the photocatalytic degradation of propiconazole in a batch photo-reactor using the TiO₂ aqueous suspension. The effects of catalyst concentration (0.15–0.4 gL^?1), initial pH (3–9), initial concentration (5–35 mg L^?1) and light conditions were optimised at a reaction time duration of 90 min by keeping area/volume ratio constant at 0.919 cm² mL^?1. Photocatalytic oxidation of propiconazole showed 85% degradation and 76.57% mineralisation under UV light (365 nm/30 Wm^?2) at pH 6.5, initial concentration 25 mg L^?1 and constant temperature (25 ± 1 °C). The Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetic model has successfully elucidated the effects of the initial concentration on the degradation of propiconazole and the data obtained are consistent with the available kinetic parameters. The photocatalytic transformation products of propiconazole were identified by using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The pathway of degradation obtained from mass spectral analysis shows the breakdown of transformation products into smaller hydrocarbons (m/z 28 and 39).     

水煤浆喷嘴热冲蚀磨损机理研究

采用1Crl8Ni9Ti不锈钢、YG8硬质合金和Al2O3／(W，Ti)C陶瓷3种材料制备了水煤浆喷嘴，考察了其在水煤浆雾化和燃烧过程中的热冲蚀磨损机理．结果表明：喷嘴材料的硬度对水煤浆喷嘴的热冲蚀磨损行为具有重要影响；在相同条件下，高硬度的Al2O3／(W，Ti)C陶瓷喷嘴的冲蚀率最低，YG8硬质合金次之，硬度较低的1Crl8Ni9Ti不锈钢喷嘴的冲蚀率最高；在热冲蚀磨损工况下，1Crl8Ni9Ti不锈钢水煤浆喷嘴主要呈现微切削特征，YG8硬质合金水煤浆喷嘴主要呈现晶粒剥落特征，而Al2O3／(W，Ti)C陶瓷水煤浆喷嘴主要呈现研磨损伤和热崩特征．     

浆体管道输送水击压力波波速的探讨

 在考虑自由气体存在的影响下，推导出浆体水击压力波波速的 计算公式.分析表明很少量的气体存在会使波速明显降低. 气体体积 浓度较大时波速随浆体浓度的增大而减小，重质物料的减小趋势较 为明显；气体体积浓度较小时轻质物料波速随浓度的增加而增加. 相同条件下非均质流波速比伪均质流波速大，两者差异主要受浆体 中固体物料的密度和浆体体积浓度影响. 考虑气体影响作用的浆击 波速计算值与实测结果更吻合.     

Effects of NAPL Contaminants on the Permeability of a Soil‐Bentonite Slurry Wall Material

Soilbentonite slurry walls are designed to inhibit the subsurface movement of contaminants from hazardous waste sites. Although it is generally accepted that high concentrations of organic compounds will adversely affect soilbentonite slurry walls and clay liners, previous research investigating the effects of NAPLs on the conductivity of clay wall materials has been inconclusive. In this study the effects of various organics (benzene, aniline, trichloroethylene, ethylene dichloride, methylene chloride) on the effective conductivity of a typical soilbentonite slurry wall material were studied under two effective stress conditions, 200 and 52kPa. The hydraulic conductivity for the soilbentonite material permeated with water averaged 1.52×10^-8cms^-1. Compared to water, there was little change in conductivity when the sample was permeated with a solution containing a NAPL compound at its solubility limit, except for aniline. However, there was a one to two order of magnitude decrease in conductivity when the sample was permeated with a pure NAPL for all NAPLs tested. When the soilbentonite material was permeated with a water/NAPL/water/NAPL sequence, the conductivity decreased one to two orders of magnitude when a NAPL was introduced following water; however, when water was reintroduced after the NAPL, the conductivity increased to the initial hydraulic conductivity. The conductivity again decreased one to two orders of magnitude when the NAPL was reintroduced. This trend occurred for all NAPLs tested, and the fluid properties of the NAPL compounds alone did not account for the decrease in conductivity compared to water.     

热处理对NiTi形状记忆合金冲蚀磨损性能的影响

采用自制浆罐式砂水冲蚀磨损试验装置研究了4种经不同条件热处理的NiTi合金与1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢的冲蚀磨损性能;采用XL-30型扫描电子显微镜观察试样的冲蚀磨损表面形貌;采用MH-6型显微硬度计测量NiTi合金硬度;采用自制拉伸装置测量NiTi合金的力学性能.结果表明:5种试样的冲蚀磨损量随着冲蚀时间、冲蚀速度、砂水比及砂粒度的增加而增大,4种NiTi合金的耐冲蚀性能相近,均明显优于1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢,其中试样NiTi-3和NiTi-1表现出较好的耐冲蚀性能;硬度并非NiTi合金冲蚀磨损性能的决定因素,超弹性和超塑性是NiTi合金具有较好耐冲蚀性的主要原因,热处理使得NiTi合金的超弹性变形量减小,但增加了NiTi合金的塑性变形量;合金丝磨损表面不同部位的磨损机理不同,中部为典型的变形磨损,侧面为微切削磨损,5种试样均表现为典型的韧性材料冲蚀磨损特征.     

耐磨环氧胶粘涂层冲蚀磨损特性的研究

本文对气固冲蚀和浆体冲蚀条件下耐磨环氧胶粘涂层的磨损特性进行了研究。结果表明,这种涂层的冲蚀磨损是由粘结剂的磨损和抗磨填料的磨损所组成;填料粒度和磨料粒度都对涂层的气固冲蚀磨损有影响,但在给定的试验条件下,填料粒度对涂层的浆体冲蚀磨损影响甚微。文章指出,耐磨环氧胶粘涂层在气固冲蚀和浆体冲蚀下的磨损机理相似,但磨损规律却有所不同;耐磨环氧胶粘涂层尤其适用于浆体冲蚀的场合,可以明显地提高机械过流部件的使用寿命。     

管内固-液两相流动阻力特性影响因素的敏感性分析

在浆体管道的工程设计中，管道阻力损失是一项关键参数。在大量实验的基础上，本文根据取得的有关实验成果，对影响管内固-液两相流动阻力的4个最主要因素-管径D、颗粒比重S、浆体浓度Cv和倾角θ进行了深入探讨，并采用多因素分析法比较了它们对于固体物料管道水力输送阻力输送阻力损失的影响程度大小关系，从而为在工程设计降低管道输送阻力提供了主要调整手段。     

Mathematical modeling of a slurry reactor for DME direct synthesis from syngas

In this paper,an axial dispersion mathematical model is developed to simulate a three-phase slurry bubble column reactor for direct synthesis of dimethyl ether(DME) from syngas.This large-scale reactor is modeled using mass and energy balances,catalyst sedimentation andsingle-bubble as well as two-bubbles class flow hydrodynamics.A comparison between the two hydrodynamic models through pilot plantexperimental data from the literature shows that heterogeneous two-bubbles flow model is in better agreement with the experimental data thanhomogeneous single-bubble gas flow model.Also,by investigating the heterogeneous gas flow and axial dispersion model for small bubblesas well as the large bubbles and slurry(i.e.including paraffins and the catalyst) phase,the temperature profile along the reactor is obtained.Acomparison between isothermal and non-isothermal reactors reveals no obvious performance difference between them.The optimum values ofreactor diameter and height were obtained at 7 m and 50 m,respectively.The effects of operating variables on the axial catalyst distribution,DME productivity and CO conversion are also investigated in this research.     

刮片式制冰蓄冷性能的实验研究

对刮片式动态冰浆制取系统进行实验研究,分析系统的能效比和蒸发器进出口温度、冷凝器进出口温度以及冷凝水和盐溶液流量曲线变化。研究结果表明:对制冷量为20kW的刮片式制冰装置,盐溶液有1.5℃的过冷度,随着盐溶液浓度越高其冰点越低,系统的能效系数最高达到1.9,有利于制冰蓄冷节能。